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"The global financial and economic shock of 2007-09 is the third major economic crisis to have buffeted Cambodia in its post-conflict period, coming in the wake of the food crisis of 2007-08 and just a decade after the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 (the "triple crises"). Cambodia's post-conflict history can be divided into two periods: 1991-98, referred to as the early phase of transition during which the first of the triple crises, the Asian financial crisis, occurred; and 1998 to the present, the late phase of transition during which the food and economic shocks transpired. A stocktake of the developments in Cambodia's post-conflict history suggests that the country has come a long way in reinstituting the foundations of a capitalist economic and procedural democracy but has yet to make significant headway in economic sophistication and substantive democracy. The triple crises were different, yet had similar characteristics. They were all exogenously-driven shocks with their own specific causes but their effects were shaped by the country's situation at the time."

"Industri garmen terintegrasi dengan baik dengan Rantai Nilai Global GVC dapat dilihat dengan realisasi investasinya kebanyakan datang dari FDI. Penelitian sebelumnya telah mendapatkan bahwa mengintegrasikan GVC kepada suatu industry akan mendorong economic upgrading. Akan tetapi, hal tersebut tidak selalu mengarah kepada social upgrading. Studi ini mencoba untuk mengklarifikasi mengimplementasikan GVC kepada industri garmen di Indonesia dan kondisi ekonomi dan sosialnya dalam bentuk economic dan social uprading. Selanjutnya, studi ini juga menganalisis kondisi-kondisi yang membuat di dalam industri tersebut terjadi upgrading maupun downgrading dengan memilih indikator-indikator untuk menentukan bagaimana kondisi ekonomi dan sosial industri pada tahun 2000 sampai 2014. Studi menerapkan best fit linear regression dengan menggunakan empat dimensi dari pembangunan untuk menentukan dimana posisi ekonomi dan sosial dari industri. Studi ini mendapatkan bahwa industri garmen berada di low-road decline yang berarti terjadi downgrading untuk kedua ekonomi dan sosialnya.

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Apparel industry is well integrated with Global Value Chain GVC as the investment realization mostly came from FDI. Previous studies have found that integrating GVC in the industry leads to economic upgrading. Nevertheless, it doesn rsquo t always translate to social upgrading. This study makes a particular attempt to clarify implementing GVC in Indonesian apparel sector and its economic and social realm in the form of economic and social upgrading. Furthermore, the study also analyzes the conditions which lead the industry to undergone an upgrading or downgrading by carefully selecting indicators to determine how is the economic and social condition in the industry during 2000 until 2014. It applies best fit linear regression using four dimensions of growth to determine which dimension the sector rsquo s economy and social realm stand. This study finds that the Indonesian apparel industry has undergone low road decline which means that the industry experienced both downgrading in its economic and social aspects."