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"This essay points to the end of (direct)crony capitalism at the national level and the shift in the possibility of political initiative to the Kabupaten capitalists, and the initiatives can be different or even contradictory among local capitalists. The essay speculates in the negative. The essays points to the labour movement as having greater potential, although that arena is also full of complications."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas perubahan peran Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional RepublikIndonesia (Lemhannas RI) sebagai salah satu lembaga think tank pemerintahsekaligus lembaga pendidikan tingkat nasional yang bertujuan untuk mendidikcalon pemimpin tingkat nasional. Sesuai dengan teori daur hidup organisasi posisiLemhannas saat ini berada pada posisi puncak yang berfungsi mulai menurunpasca UU ASN yang tidak menjadikan pendidikan Lemhannas sebagai prasayaratbagi pejabat esselon 1 dan esselon 2 sebagai kenaikan jenjang kepangkatan.Keberadaan Lemhannas RI di usia nya yang sudah lebih dari 50 tahun membuatLemhannas harus berbenah dini agar tidak terlena dan selalu waspada denganperubahan yang sangat cepat dalam mendidik calon-calon pemimpin tingkatnasional. Setidaknya ada tiga perubahan mendasar yang harus dilakukan olehLemhannas RI dengan mengadopsi konsep Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, yakni(1) Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, (2) Penelitian dan Pengembangan, dan (3)Pengabdian Masyarakat. Pendidikan Tingkat Nasional yakni Pendidikan danPengajaran, Penelitian, dan Pengabdian Masyarakat. Penelitian yang dilakukanpeneliti menggunakan pendekatan Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). SSM dipilihkarena memandang dunia (sosial) sebagai hal yang kompleks, problematik,misterius, dikarakteristikan oleh pertarungan sudut pandang atau clashes ofworldview serta bersifat soft ill structured. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaLemhannas RI harus melakukan perubahan pada bidang pendidikan, pengkajian,dan pengabdian masyarakat. Hasil kajian merekomendasikan Lemhannas RI harusmelakukan pembenahan terhadap tugas pokok dan fungsi sesuai dengan fungsiLemhannas diawal pembentukannya sebagai upaya Lemhannas RI menjadiLembaga Berkelas Dunia.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the changing role of the National Resilience Institute of theRepublic of Indonesia (Indonesian National Resilience Institute) as one of thegovernment think tank at the same national level educational institutions aimed ateducating future leaders of the national level. In accordance with theorganizational life cycle theory Lemhannas position is currently at the top of thefunction began to decline following Law ASN does not make education as aprerequisite for the National Resilience Institute officials echelon echelon 1 and 2as a rise in the ladder. The existence of National Resilience Institute RI at his ageare already more than 50 years makes Lemhannas must clean up early so as not tobe complacent and always be alert to the rapid changes in educating future leadersof national level. There are at least three fundamental changes that must be madeby the National Resilience Institute of RI by adopting the concept of Three Pillarsof Tertiay Education (Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi), namely (1) Education andPromotion, (2) Research and Development, and (3) Community Service. TheNational Education Education and Teaching, Research and Community Service.The study, conducted by researchers using the approach of Soft SystemsMethodology (SSM). SSM selected for viewing the world (social) as complex,problematic, mysterious, characterized by fights or clashes of viewpoints are softworldview and ill structured. The results showed that the National ResilienceInstitute of RI must make changes in the field of education, assessment, andcommunity service. The study results recommend the National Resilience Instituteof RI must make improvements to the duties and functions in accordance with theNational Resilience Institute function at the beginning of its formation as anattempt Lemhannas RI become World Class Organization."

"Ekonom terkemuka dunia seperti Adam Smith dan Acemoglu serta Prof. Dr. Boediono, Guru Besar Universitas Gadjah Mada sekaligus Wakil Presiden RI tahun 2009 – 2014 menekankan pentingnya peranan kelembagaan dalam pertumbuhan dan kestabilan ekonomi. Dalam hal ini, kelas menengah diharapkan dapat berperan sebagai kelas reformis dan penentu terciptanya kelembagaan politik dan ekonomi melalui dukungan terhadap demokrasi sebagai bentuk kelembagaan yang mengusung inklusivitas diantara keberagaman yang ada di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini, dukungan tersebut diamati melalui perilaku politik yang mencakup partisipasi memilih dan pilihan partai politik. Data makro menunjukkan bahwa secara nasional, proporsi kelas menengah tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap angka partisipasi memilih di suatu wilayah. Begitupun dengan evaluasi dampak terhadap individu yang mengungkapkan bahwa peningkatan status ekonomi seseorang dari miskin ke kelas menengah tidak berpengaruh nyata pada perilaku memilih. Namun, berdasarkan wilayah, secara umum kelas menengah di daerah perdesaan dan luar Jawa lebih aktif dibanding di perkotaan ataupun Jawa. Dari sisi pilihan politik, terdapat hubungan non-linier (kurva U terbalik) antara proporsi kelas menengah dengan pilihan partai politik Islam. Semakin besar proporsi kelas menengah politik identitas semakin menguat, namun pada proporsi tertentu (sekitar 30%) politik identitas ini semakin melemah. Dengan demikian, masih tersisa harapan bahwa kelas menengah di Indonesia dapat mendukung kemajuan bangsa melalui kontribusinya dalam menguatkan kelembagaan politik dan ekonomi apabila proses pemilihan berlangsung sesuai dengan aturan menghasilkan outcome yang tercermin dalam tata kelola pemerintahan yang berkinerja baik dan terpercaya.

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World-renowned economists such as Adam Smith and Acemoglu as well as Prof. Dr. Boediono, Professor at Gadjah Mada University and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia in 2009 – 2014 emphasize the importance of the role of institutions in economic growth and stability. In these terms, the middle class is expected to represent the reformist class and determine the achievement of political and economic institutions through support for democracy as an institutional form that promotes inclusivity among the diversity that exists in Indonesia. In this study, this support is observed through political behavior which includes voting participation and choice of political parties. Macro data shows that nationally, the proportion of the middle class has no significant effect on the voter turnout rate in a region. Likewise, the evaluation of the impact on individuals revealed that increasing a person's economic status from poor to middle class had no significant effect on voting behavior. However, based on region, in general, the middle class in rural areas and outside Java is more active than in urban areas or Java. In terms of political choice, there is a non-linear relationship (inverted U curve) between the proportion of the middle class and the choice of Islamic political parties. The larger the proportion of the middle class, the stronger the identity politics, but at a certain proportion (about 30%) this identity politics is getting weaker. Thus, there is still hope that the middle class in Indonesia can support the progress of the nation through its contribution to strengthening political and economic institutions if the election process takes place by statutory regulations, producing outcomes that are reflected in governance that performs well and is trusted."

"The strategy of the Bandung National Unity and Political Agency (Bakesbangpol) in realizing excellent human resources is still conventional. This can be seen in the form of education and training for the community without using technological advances to develop community digital literacy as an effort to create excellent society and protect from internal threats in the form of radicalism, terrorism, and intolerance; and externally, in the form of territorial security and digital security. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategy of the Bandung City Political and National Unity Agency in realizing excellent human resources to face the various threats facing Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with case study methods, data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation, then analyzed using reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the strategic concept carried out by the Bandung City Political and National Unity Agency in the form of education and training to defend the state for the community. The implementation carried out was still conventional, an alternative to realizing excellent human resources carried out by the National Unity and Political Agency, namely by optimizing the use of technology, create a sustainable curriculum and focus on developing digital literacy in society to prevent various external and internal threats."