Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAK Setelah perang kemerdekaan dari Prancis (1954 ? 1962), Aljazairmengalami perang saudara pada tahun 1990an antara agama dan pemerintah yangmenyebabkan perempuan menjadi korban dengan pembatasan aktivitas mereka.Beberapa perempuan tidak menerima keadaan tersebut dan melakukanemansipasi, salah satunya dengan menulis. Salah satu penulis perempuan feminisAljazair adalah Maïssa Bey dengan karya pertamanya, yaitu Au commencementétait la mer. Di dalam novel ini, Bey mendeskripsikan diskriminasi gender yangdialami oleh perempuan Aljazair pada masa tersebut serta perlawanan terhadapdiskriminasi yang dilakukan oleh perempuan dan laki-laki. Melalui analisis unsurintrinsik yang menggunakan teori struktural Roland Barthes mengenai hubungansintagmatik dan paradigmatik dan teori sekuen M. P. Schmitt dan Alain Viala,ditemukan tiga bentuk diskriminasi gender dalam novel ini, yaitu stereotip,marginalisasi, dan subordinasi. Selain itu, diketahui pula bahwa laki-laki ataupunperempuan dapat menjadi pelaku ataupun penentang diskriminasi. Perlawananyang dilakukan terhadap diskriminasi gender berupa penggugatan stereotip sertadukungan terhadap emansipasi perempuan untuk menghilangkan marginalisasi,sedangkan subordinasi masih belum dapat dihindari karena berkaitan denganbudaya patriarkal yang dianut oleh masyarakat. Kepala keluarga memiliki peran penting dalam diskriminasi gender ini.ABSTRACT After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination.;After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination.;After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination."

"Latar Belakang: Identifikasi jenis kelamin merupakan langkah awal yang penting dan akan memengaruhi analisis forensik selanjutnya. Pada kasus tertentu, identifikasi jenis kelamin terbatas pada tulang jenazah. Mastoid merupakan bagian tulang yang potensial, didukung dengan dimorfisme seksual tinggi, keutuhan dan simetrisitasnya. Tinggi mastoid konsisten menunjukkan nilai akurasi diskriminasi jenis kelamin yang cukup tinggi. Kombinasinya dengan parameter osteometrik lainnya meningkatkan akurasi hingga 85%. Di Indonesia, penelitian radiologis mengenai estimasi jenis kelamin berdasarkan parameter mastoid masih terbatas, sehingga diperlukan penelitian awal yang dapat mendukung penelitian pada cakupan yang lebih mendalam. Tujuan: Menilai perbandingan rerata pengukuran parameter osteometrik mastoid antara jenis kelamin, serta menentukan akurasi dan model prediksi estimasi jenis kelamin. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian perbandingan potong lintang, menggunakan data sekunder antemortem parameter osteometrik mastoid dari CT scan multiplanar. Tinggi mastoid sejati dan konvensional, diameter oblik dan sagital, serta volume mastoid diukur pada mastoid kanan dan kiri subjek. Jumlah subjek sebanyak masing-masing 105 perempuan dan laki-laki. Analisis komparatif dan penentuan titik potong dengan kurva ROC untuk menentukan akurasi (batas kemaknaan statistik alpha 5%). Model prediksi diperoleh dengan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil: Didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada seluruh parameter mastoid antara laki-laki dan perempuan (p 0,000). Nilai AUC pada seluruh parameter mastoid berkisar antara 91,1%-96,5% dengan akurasi dalam estimasi jenis kelamin laki-laki berkisar antara 87%-93%. Estimasi jenis kelamin laki-laki menggunakaan kombinasi tinggi mastoid sejati dan konvensional, serta volume mastoid tertinggi dapat mencapai probabilitas sebesar 97%. Kesimpulan: Parameter osteometrik mastoid antara jenis kelamin menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dan akurasi yang tinggi untuk estimasi jenis kelamin.

---

Background: Gender identification is an initial and essential step for further forensic analysis. In certain cases, gender identification is often restricted to skeletal remains. Mastoid process is potential skeletal remains for gender estimation, considering its sexual dimorphism, strength, and symmetry. Mastoid height demonstrates consistent high accuracy in gender discrimination. Combinated with other mastoid parameters enhances its accuracy for up to 85%. In Indonesia, radiological research on gender estimation using these parameters is limited, requiring initial study to support deeper research scope. Objective: To compare mastoid osteometric parameter measurements between gender, to assess its accuracy and prediction model for gender estimation. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional comparative study using secondary antemortem measurements of mastoid osteometric parameters from multiplanar CT scan, which included bilateral true and conventional mastoid height, oblique and sagittal diameter, and mastoid volume measurements. Measurement datas from 105 male and female subject were analyzed. Comparative analysis and cut-off point were determined using ROC curve analysis to obtain accuracy. Statistical significance threshold used was alpha 5%. Prediction model was obtained from logistic regression analysis. Results: All mastoid osteometric parameters showed significant differences between gender (p 0,000). AUC value from all parameters ranged from 91,1% to 96,5%, with accuracy for male gender estimastion ranged from 87% to 93%. Combination of true and conventional mastoid height, and mastoid volume offered probability of male estimation for up to 97%. Conclusion: Mastoid osteometric parameters in each gender group demonstrated statistically significant differences and highly accurate for gender estimation."

"Discrimination is an attitude and behavior that violates human rights. Discrimination can also be interpreted as a treatment for individuals differently based on race, religion, or gender . Any harassment, restriction or exclusion to race religion, or gender includes discriminatory actions. The theme of discrimination experienced by many women made the writer want to examine it from literature point of view, especially Japanese literature. The problem in this paper is gender discrimination experienced by the main character in novel Ginko. In Ginko novel written by Junichi Watanabe, the theme of discrimination against women is very strong, as experienced by the main character named Gin Ogino. This study used feminist standpoint research with the assumption that gender discrimination in society in the novel cannot be separated from women's real experiences perceived by the author. In addition to stand on or derived from real experiences from the first woman doctor in Japan, which with all her efforts to break away from discrimination against women endured throughout her life: before marriage, divorce, attending medical school to become a doctor even after she was graduated from medical school, she still experienced gender discrimination. This study found that gender discrimination experienced by Ginko because she is a woman, in which at that time (the Meiji era) there were clear boundaries between men and women. Difficulty and discrimination experienced are because Ginko's ideals were considered impossible, because she wanted to become a doctor. Her ability and cleverness were obstructed just because she is a woman. It can be concluded in the Meiji era, there was discrimination against women reflected in the Novel Ginko."

"Norma merupakan salah satu konsep kunci dalam Ilmu Hubungan Internasional yang secara umum didefinisikan sebagai standar perilaku yang memengaruhi aktor politik sesuai dengan identitas dan posisinya dalam sistem sosial dan internasional. Salah satu norma global adalah The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) yang secara khusus menyoroti diskriminasi dan kekerasan berbasis gender utamanya terhadap perempuan serta menetapkan agenda-agenda nasional untuk mencapai kesetaraan gender. Sejak CEDAW diadopsi oleh PBB pada tahun 1979, kesetaraan gender kian mengemuka dan menjadi agenda politik yang krusial untuk dibahas, baik secara akademis maupun praksis. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini berupaya memetakan dan meninjau pembahasan mengenai norma kesetaraan gender dalam konteks politik global. Dengan menggunakan metode taksonomi, tulisan ini meninjau 23 literatur akademik dan menghasilkan tiga temuan utama. Pertama, makna norma kesetaraan gender bersifat dinamis dan kontekstual. Kedua, norma kesetaraan gender disebarkan oleh berbagai aktor politik dengan mekanisme dan strategi yang beragam serta tidak terjadi dalam proses satu arah global-ke-lokal saja, melainkan dengan berbagai dinamika di level domestik—dinamika inilah yang masih jarang dikaji dalam literatur-literatur yang ada. Ketiga, sebagian besar literatur hanya menyoroti peran aktor transnasional sehingga peran aktor lokal dan kelompok akar rumput cenderung terpinggirkan. Adapun hasil refleksi penulis terhadap literatur-literatur yang dikaji adalah bahwa kajian mengenai norma kesetaraan gender masih didominasi oleh akademisi dari Barat. Selain itu, pembahasan norma kesetaraan gender turut memiliki irisan dengan perspektif dari bidang ilmu lainnya. Pada bagian akhir tinjauan literatur ini, penulis merekomendasikan penelitian selanjutnya untuk mengkaji dinamika dan proses yang terjadi di level domestik serta peran aktor lokal dalam difusi norma kesetaraan gender.

---

Norm is one of the key concepts in International Relations which is generally defined as a standard of behavior that influences political actors according to their identities and positions in the social and international system. One of the global norms is The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) which specifically highlights gender-based discrimination and violence primarily against women and establishes national agendas to achieve gender equality. Since its adoption by the United Nations in 1979, gender equality has increasingly come to the fore and has become a crucial political agenda to be discussed, both academically and practically. Therefore, this paper seeks to map out and review discussions on gender equality norms in the context of global politics. Using the taxonomic method, this paper reviews 23 academic literatures and produces three main findings. First, the meaning of gender equality norms is dynamic and contextual. Second, gender equality norms are diffused by a constellation of political actors with various mechanisms and strategies and do not occur in a one-way process, global-to-local, but with various dynamics at the domestic level—these dynamics are rarely studied in the existing literatures. Third, most of the literatures only focus on the role of transnational actors so that the role played by the local actors and grassroots groups tends to be marginalized. As for the author's reflection on the existing literatures, studies on gender equality norms are still dominated by scholars from the West. In addition, the discussion on gender equality norms also has intersections with perspectives from other fields of science. Finally, at the end of this literature review, the authors recommend further research to explore the dynamics and processes that occur at the domestic level and the role of local actors in the diffusion of gender equality norms."

"Kedudukan perempuan dalam masyarakat sering menjadi sorotan para pengarang cerita maupun peneliti. Satu dari sekian banyak novel yang ditemukan terdapat lika-liku kehidupan seorang perempuan adalah trilogi berjudul Kelangan Satang karya Suparta Brata (2012). Fokus penelitian ini adalah mengangkat tentang kondisi perempuan dalam hubungannya dengan laki-laki yang mengalami beberapa ketidakadilan yang terjadi dalam novel tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan wujud bias gender pada perempuan, relevansinya pada kehidupan nyata, dan nilai moral yang direpresentasikan dalam novel Kelangan Satang karya Suparto Brata (2012). Penelitian ini menggunakan teori analisis gender dari Mansour Fakih (2013), pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis, dan mimetik. Dengan memanfaatkan metode penelitian tersebut dapat dilakukan interpretasi terhadap data yang diperoleh dari dalam novel tersebut maupun konteksnya dengan situasi budaya masyarakat Jawa. Penelitian ini bersumber pada novel trilogi kelangan Satang buku bagian II dengan judul Kaduk Wani dan buku bagian III dengan judul Ketanggor karya Suparto Brata (2012). Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan adanya wujud bias gender pada tokoh perempuan yang meliputi adanya bentuk subordinasi, stereotip negatif, dan kekerasan verbal, adanya hubungan antara bias gender dalam novel dan kehidupan nyata, serta nilai moral yang terkandung.

---

The position of women in society is often the focus of story writers and researchers. One of many novels found that have twists and turns in a woman's life is a trilogy entitled Kelangan Satang by Suparta Brata (2012). Focus of this research is to raise about the condition of women with men who experience some of the injustices in the novel. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of gender bias in women, its relevance in real life, and the moral values ​​represented in the novel Kelangan Satang by Suparto Brata (2012). This study uses the theory of gender analysis from Mansour Fakih (2013), a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method, and mimetic. By utilizing this research method, interpretation can be make of the data obtained from the novel and its context with the cultural situation of the Javanese people. This research is based on the novel trilogy kelangan Satang book part II with the title Kaduk Wani and part III book with the title Ketanggor by Suparto Brata (2012). The results of this study show that there is a form of gender bias in female characters which includes forms of subordination, negative stereotypes, and verbal violence, the relationship between gender bias in the novel and real life, and the moral value."

"Tema budaya Tionghoa menjadi salah satu hal menarik dalam khazanah kesusastraan Indonesia. Marginalisasi dan gambaran penderitaan kaum peranakan Tionghoa menjadi bukti bahwa masih terdapat intoleransi dan ketimpangan dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dengan melihat gagasan diskriminatif yang disampaikan melalui tokoh dan penokohan. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa bentuk diskriminasi sosial yang dialami oleh peranakan Tionghoa pada tiga cerpen dalam kumpulan cerpen Kelurga Tan mengacu kepada diskriminasi gender, fisik, dan status sosial. Faktor diskriminasi sosial pada tiga cerpen dalam kumpulan cerpen Kelurga Tan dipengaruhi oleh aspek politik, pergaulan, dan stereotipe lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi segala pihak yang tertarik pada isu diskriminasi dalam karya sastra, khususnya pada tokoh peranakan Tionghoa.

---

The theme of Chinese culture is one of the interesting things in Indonesian literature. The marginalization and depiction of the suffering of Chinese-Indonesian descendants is proof that there is still intolerance and inequality in Indonesian society. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of literature study. In addition, this study also uses a sociology of literature approach by looking at discriminatory ideas conveyed through characters and characterizations. In this research, it was found that the form of social discrimination experienced by Chinese-breeders in the three short stories in the collection of Tan Family short stories refers to gender, physical and social status discrimination. The factor of social discrimination in the three short stories in the collection of Tan Family short stories is influenced by political aspects, association, and stereotypes of the surrounding environment. This research is expected to be useful for all parties who are interested in the issue of discrimination in literary works, especially the figures of Chinese descent.

"

"Jurnal ini membahasa membahas tindakan diskriminasi terhadap para pekerja asing di Korea Selatan dalam film Banga? Banga! Tindakan diskriminasi yang dibahas merupakan tindakan diskriminasi yang diterima oleh pekerja asing di Korea Selatan yang diceritakan dalam film komedi Banga? Banga! Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif yang berupa deskriptif-analitis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami tindakan diskriminasi yang diterima oleh para pekerja asing di Korea yang digambarkan melalui film Banga? Banga!. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah film Banga? Banga! merupakan representasi kecil dari tindakan diskriminasi yang dialami oleh para pekerja asing di Korea.

---

This journal discusses the discrimination against foreign workers in South Korea in Banga? Banga! movie. The discrimination in this thesis is the discrimination acts that received by foreign workers in South Korea which is told in the Banga? Banga! movie. This thesis is using the qualitative method with descriptive analysis. The purpose of this thesis is to find out the discrimination acts that received by foreign workers in South Korea which is portrayed through Banga? Banga! movie. As the result, Banga? Banga! movie is a small representation of the discrimination acts experienced by foreign workers in South Korea."