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"ABSTRAKMarine fishery resources in Malaysia have declined considerably over the past decades, primarily due to overfishing. Excessive fishing has also damaged marine habitats, a serious concern for the Malaysian goverment. To conserve and enhance natural fish stocks in various locations in marine waters, the goverment introduced the use of artificial reefs (ARs). Ars are expected to rehabilitate degraded fish stocks and secure the livelohood of the fishers along coastal villages. "

"Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Thailand, dan Vietnam adalah negara emerging economy di Asia Tenggara (ESEA) berdasarkan Emerging Market Index dan indeks IMF. Saat ini ESEA menghadapi tantangan untuk terus meningkatkan perekonomian, berstrategi dalam mitigasi dan adaptasi perubahan iklim, dan memenuhi komitmen global dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Menggunakan analisis Sustainability Window, penelitian ini ingin mengkaji arah pembangunan di negara-negara tersebut apakah menuju ke arah berkelanjutan atau sebaliknya. Analisis Sustainability Window digunakan agar dapat mengakomodir berbagai ukuran indikator dalam satu kerangka analisis, dan untuk melihat bagaimana analisis tersebut dioperasionalkan untuk membandingkan keberlanjutan antar negara. Hasilnya, secara umum, pertumbuhan ekonomi di ESEA diikuti dengan peningkatan kesejahteraan sosial. Meskipun negara-negara ESEA masih perlu meningkatkan kinerja dimensi sosial untuk dapat mencapai target pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pertumbuhan ekonomi di ESEA juga diiringi dengan kerusakan lingkungan dalam kelipatan yang lebih besar, atau tidak berkelanjutan pada dimensi lingkungan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan rendahnya potensi ESEA untuk mencapai target pembangunan berkelanjutan terkait lingkungan, dan tingginya resiko dampak perubahan iklim yang harus dihadapi. Apabila tidak ada upaya yang cukup untuk menavigasikan pertumbuhan ekonomi ke arah yang lebih berkelanjutan lingkungan maka, dampak perubahan iklim akan dengan mudah menurunkan kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat ESEA dan menegasikan capaian pembangunan selama ini.

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Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam are emerging economy countries in Southeast Asia (ESEA) based on the Emerging Market Index and the IMF index. Currently, ESEA faces the challenge to continuously improving the economy, composing strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change, and fulfilling global commitments in achieving sustainable development goals. Using the Sustainability Window analysis, this study wants to examine the trajectories of development in these countries, whether it is towards a sustainable direction or vice versa. Sustainability Window analysis is used to accommodate various indicator measures in one analytical framework, and to see how the analysis is operationalized to compare sustainability between countries. The findings reveal that in general, economic growth in ESEA is accompanied by an increase in social welfare. Although ESEA countries still need to improve the performance of the social dimension to be able to achieve sustainable development targets. Economic growth in ESEA is also accompanied by environmental damage in larger fold, which means it is not sustainable on the environmental dimension. This shows the low potential of ESEA to achieve sustainable development goals, and the high risk of climate change impacts that must be faced. If there are not enough efforts to navigate economic growth towards a more environmentally sustainable direction, the impact of climate change will easily reduce the social welfare of the ESEA community and negate the achievements of development so far."