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"Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) is one of the major timber species that facing high exploitation in Indonesia. This species can only be found on a specific peat swamp habitat, thus it confines its distribution. Information on its current population and microhabitat characteristics is relatively limited. Here, we investigated natural population and microhabitat of ramin in a peat swamp area in Riau Province using random transects consist of 46 (100m2) sampling plots. Forty-eight individuals of ramin were found in which 46 of these belonged to G. bancanus, while the other two were different species. The estimated population density of ramin in this area was 7.18±2.75 individuals/ha i.e there were approximately seven individuals in each one-ha area of study. The population structure of ramin showed a J-shaped curve bearing many large old trees with few saplings without any seedlings. The microhabitat was investigated using the Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and Canonical Analysis, generating two significant variables that discriminated three groups of the population."

"This study concerns the conservation of Indonesian tarsiers, specifically the interface between field and captive studies. There are two problems that are central to field and captive conservation studies, behavior and taxonomy. In this thesis I address to two research questions:1. Do Indonesian tarsiers have differences in locomotor behavior that warrant different cage designs?2. Can tarsier taxa, many of which have been identified with expensive and labor intensive techniques including DNA and acoustic analysis, also be identified by a simple, low-cost technique involving the morphology of the tail tuft?There are three species groups of tarsiers, Philippine Tarsiers, Western Tarsiers, and Eastern Tarsiers. Hill (1955) classified these as Tarsius syrichta, Tarsius bancanus, and Tarsius spectrum, respectively, but Brandon-Jones et al. (2004) revised Tarsius spectrum to include five distinct species: Tarsius tarsier (= Tarsius spectrum), Tarsius sangirensis, Tarsius pumilus, Tarsius pelengensis, and Tarsius dianae (probably a junior synonym of dentatus). Of these, two species groups are endemic to Indonesia, Western and Eastern Tarsiers. Hill (1955) indicates that these two species groups can be distinguished by their tail tufts (see figure II-5), the tuft of Western Tarsiers being less extensive than that of Eastern Tarsiers. These two species groups also have clear-cut social differences (Sussman 1999), and Niemitz (1979) hypothesized locomotor differences based on the limb anatomy.I studied one male-female pair each of Tarsius bancanus and Tarsius tarsier in side-by-side cages at Captivity of Mammals Centre of Biological Research, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong Bogor, over a three-month study,I collected 546 hours of observation on Tarsius bancanus and 574 hours on Tarsius tarsier. Results from this study show statistically significant differences in locomotor behavior that support Niemitiz’s hypothesis, and which imply that Western and Eastern Tarsiers require different cage designs. In a second study of tail tuft morphology, I collected 13 measurements on the tail and tail tuft of 23 Western Tarsiers and 20 Eastern Tarsiers in the collection of the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense. My results demonstrate that Western and Eastern Tarsiers can be easily and confidently classified by using a multivariate discriminant function analysis of the tail tuft.The results of these two studies show clearly that Western and Eastern Tarsiers can be identified by a multivariate analysis of the tail tuft morphology, and that these two species groups have significant differences in locomotor behavior, but the greater significance of this study lies in the implications for cryptic species within species groups. Results from the discriminant function analysis indicate three populations of Eastern Tarsiers, those from Sulawesi, Sangihe, and Peleng Islands, can be confidently identified by multivariate analysis of tail tuft morphology, a result that Hill (1955) did not arrive at. Brandon-Jones et al. (2004) identified 16 populations of Eastern Tarsiers that might be taxonomically separable and warrant further studies. Thus, future studies should use this method to see if it is applicable to all of the populations identified by Brandon-Jones et al. (2004), not merely the three populations that I had access to. At present there are no hypotheses of significant locomotor differences within species groups. Further research is also needed to find out whether or not there are any differences of locomotor behavior among population of tarsiers, particularly those that had been identified by Brandon-Jones et al. (2004).All living tarsiers are small, nocturnal, vertical clinging and leaping, faunivorous animal and ecological distinctive with regard to other primate (Sussman 1999). About 90% of their food consist of Arthropoda such as crickets, grasshoppers, cockroaches, beetles, butterflies, moths, termites, spiders; and 10% others consist of vertebrate such as small birds, lizards, geckoes, and small snakes (Niemitz 1984, Haring & Wright 1989, Sussman 1999, Supriatna & Wahyono 2000, Gursky 2000).The length of adult tarsier is only around 12-13 centimeters and its weight is 100-140 grams, and its infant weight 25-33% of the mother’s weight at birth (Sussman, 1999). The length of its tail is two times longer than its body and its hind limb is longer than its up limb. Tarsiers also has huge eyes and ears which are relatively bigger compared to their heads, lacking a reflecting tapetum lucidum and their heads can make a 1800 spin without moving their bodies (Supriatna & Wahyono 2000, Shekelle & Leksono 2004)Social unit of tarsiers are different among species. Supriatna & Wahyono (2000) pointed out that commonly 80% of Tarsius tarsier (=Tarsius spectrum) live in pairs (monogamous) and only about 20% is multimale-multifemale. There are 2-6 individuals within a group. Their gestation period is about 180-190 days and they can live for 12 years. Unlike Tarsius tarsier, Tarsius bancanus is more solitary or living in pairs to create their home range. However, social systems of other species need further study.Like many others endemic primate, tarsiers are threatened by human activities, particularly when the forests where they are habitat of are converted into plantations and transmigration settlements. Forest clearance, illegal logging, and burnings are some other hazards that also bring negative impact to the tarsiers. These activities can change the natural habitat of tarsiers into isolated, degradated, or fragmented ones. Merker et al. (2005) reported that in Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi the population of Tarsius dianae in a highly-disturbed habitat occupied by 45 individuals per km2 was smaller than the one in a low-disturbed habitat occupied by 268 individuals per km2. In a short term, impact of human activities might reduce the population of tarsiers, but in a long term, may lead to the extinction (Merker & Muhlenberg 2000). This fact is worsening by unsuccessful tarsiers breeding in captivity even in countries that have good facilities (Haring & Wright 1989). Therefore, a conservation to save the unique animal is a priority. Conservation of tarsiers is both in-situ and ex-situ. Captive breeding is one form of ex-situ conservation.Tohari (1987) pointed out that an animal should be captivated if from time to time their field population decreases and is likely to extinct. One of the benefits of captivity is to reduce human reliance to nature population of wildlife (Alikodra 2002). The most important and beneficial reason for maintaining animal in captivity is to educate the public (Larson & Schulze 2001). Shekelle & Leksono (2004) noted that besides breeding, tarsier captivity is useful for researching, training, and establishing public awareness, and mainly changing the false belief of the local community about tarsiers. Moreover, if tarsiers in captivity die naturally, they may be used as a type specimen in museum.Information about the number of species, distribution, taxonomy, and social system of tarsiers is needed to assist the conservation program of Indonesia tarsiers. Thus, an identification of the species and the habitat of wildlife is one of the conservation objectives. The identification result presented a description of wildlife species and the regions that significant for the conservation. In addition, the result identification can provide a recommendation for new species naming or for identification of new conservation region (Trainor & Lesmana 2000). Shekelle & Leksono (2004) has recommended using tarsiers as flagship species to promote and designed a new conservation area in Sulawesi and its surrounding small islands. Besides, the vocalization analyses showed that there are 11 populations of tarsiers in the region that are possibly new species. For identification purposes, one efficient method is collecting taxonomic information from tarsier’s tail tuft using multivariate technique. This technique can be applied to both living and non-living animals, including specimen which is collected in museum. The method is also applicable for local people in one region who has no modern equipment for conducting a research.Conservation of tarsiers has faced some problems, some of which are limited population of tarsiers which have not yet been identified, human destruction of their habitat, expensive research for identification, and unsuccessful tarsiers breeding in captivity. Efforts to find inexpensive method for identification and to design suitable captive breeding are very important and urgent to carry out now. The results of this research might be useful for conservation of tarsiers."

"This research hrld in Breeding Laboratory faculty of Agriculture of Dr, Soetomo University Surabaya,during 15 days from 15 th November through 1 st December 2004

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"Characterization of pellet mixture of oxyde uranium and oxyde zirconium that is sintering process product. Characterization of nixture pellet UO2 and ZrO2 result of sintering process has been done as a mean to knows hardness character , microstructure, grain size and pellet density...."

"Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan merupakan penyakit endemis di daerah tropis termasuk Indonesia. Semakin banyaknya strain Plasmodium yang resisten terhadap obat antimalaria membutuhkan penemuan obat baru yang lebih poten untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini. Delonix regia mengandung zat kimia alkaloid dan terpenoid yang memiliki potensi sebagai antiplasmodium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah dan daun Delonix regia mampu menurunkan densitas Plasmodium berghei. Kelompok perlakuan mendapatkan ekstrak kulit buah dan daun yang diberikan dengan tiga dosis, yaitu 2,8 mg/20g mencit, 8,4 mg/20g mencit, dan 14 mg/20g mencit selama tiga hari berturut-turut dimulai tujuh hari setelah inokulasi parasit pada Mencit Swiss-webster. Pemeriksaan parasitemia dilakukan pada hari ke-0 sebelum perlakuan dan hari ke-3 setelah perlakuan dengan cara dibuat sediaan apusan darah tipis yang diwarnai dengan Giemsa. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan pada dosis ekstrak kulit buah Delonix regia dosis 2,8 mg/20g mencit dan dosis 8,4 mg/20g mencit menunjukkan perbedaan jumlah parasit yang signifikan terhadap jumlah parasit kelompok kontrol negatif, sedangkan pada ekstrak kulit buah Delonix regia dosis 14 mg/20g mencit menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kelompok kontrol negatif. Hasil analisis statistik pada ekstrak daun Delonix regia dosis 2,8 mg/20g mencit, 8,4 mg/20g mencit dan 14 mg/20g mencit menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kelompok kontrol negatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kulit buah Delonix regia dosis 2,8 mg/20g mencit paling baik dalam menurunkan densitas Plasmodium berghei.

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Malaria remains a public health problem and endemic in tropical country, including Indonesia. Increasing number of strains of drug-resistant Plasmodium malaria needs to find a new, more potent drugs to overcome this problem. Delonix regia contains alkaloid and terpenoid chemicals that have potential as antiplasmodium. The purpose of this study is to prove that the rind and leaf extracts of Delonix regia can reduce the density of Plasmodium berghei in Swiss-webster mice. The treatment group get rind and leaf extracts given in three doses, ie 2,8 mg/20g mice, 8,4 mg/20g mice, and 14 mg/20g mice for three consecutive days starting seven days after inoculation of parasites. Parasitemia examination performed on H0 before and day 3 after treatment made by blood smear preparations stained with Giemsa thin.

The results of the statistical analysis showed a dose Delonix regia rind extract dose 2,8 mg/20g mice and 8,4 mg/20g mice showed a significant difference in the number of parasites on the number of parasites negative control group, while in the rind extracts Delonix regia dose 14 mg/20g mice showed no significant difference to the negative control group. The results of statistical analysis on Delonix regia leaf extracts dose 2,8 mg/20g mice, 8,4 mg/20g mice and 14 mg/20g mice no significant difference to the negative control group. Based on these results it can be concluded that administration of Delonix regia rind extract at a dose of 2,8 mg/20g mice body weight is the best dose which can reduce the density of Plasmodium."

"[ABSTRAKLapangan XXX merupakan lapangan minyak di cekungan Natuna Baratdengan reservoir utama berupa reservoir batu pasir. Ketebalan reservoir padalapangan ini sangat bervariasi sehingga hasil inversi hanya dapat memetakanketebalan reservoir yang mendekati ketebalan tuning.Berdasarkan uji sensitifitas, parameter AI di setiap sumur tidak dapatmembedakan hidrokarbon, sehingga parameter akustik saja tidak dapat diaplikasikandalam karakterisasi reservoir lapangan ini. Namun ketika parameter densitas terpisahdengan parameter kecepatan P, sebaran hidrokarbon dapat dibedakan dengan baik.Kecepatan S tidak tersedia di semua sumur padahal data ini sangat diperlukanuntuk melakukan pengolahan data dengan metode inversi simultan. Oleh karena ituakan dilakukan beberapa estimasi untuk mendapatkan data kecepatan S antara laindengan metode castagna, metode gassmann, metode parsial, metode Xu-White danmetode Lee. Data kecepatan S yang dipakai adalah kecepatan S terbaik yangdiperoleh dari metode Xu White dikarenakan hasil log poisson?s rationya palingmendekati tren kurva saturasi air. Selain itu aspek rasio batuan yangmempertimbangkan nilai porositas dan volume clay, serta kontrol kualitas Vp modeldari metode Xu-White memiliki rasio error minimum jika dibandingkan dengan nilaiVp dari data log.Metode inversi simultan dengan data pre-stack atau partial stackmemungkinkan dilakukannya prediksi parameter Impedansi P, Impedansi S, dandensitas dari data seismik. Selain itu meode inversi simultan dapat dipergunakanmulti wavelet dalam pengolahan datanya. Hasil penampang inversi yang diperolehmenunjukkan bahwa inverse densitas dapat menjelaskan letak sebaran batuanreservoir dan fluida berdasarkan cut off sensitifitas yakni nilai dibawah 2,26 gr/cc.

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ABSTRACTX field is an oil field in West Natuna Basin with sandstone reservoir asprimary target. There was varying reservoir thickness, so the inversion method thatcould only be applied to map reservoir thickness, which close to tuning thickness.Based on sensitivity analysis, Acoustic Impedance parameters couldn?tindicate hydrocarbon appearance for each well, so Acoustic Impedance cannot beapplied for reservoir characterization in this field. Density versus AcousticImpedance could map hydrocarbon appearance.Shear velocity weren?t available where those data was needed for runningsimultaneous inversion method. Predicting velocity shear would be carried out byusing several method such as Castagna, Gassmann, Parsial, Xu-White, and Lee. Thebest estimated velocity shear would be used for inversion, The best estimated shearvelocity from Xu-White method because Xu-White?s poisson ratio log presentssimilar trend with water saturation log (Sw). Moreover, Xu-White?s ratio aspect isalso considering porosity and clay volume value. Based on quality control result, Vpmodel of Xu-White had minimum error ratio compared to Vp from log.Simultaneous inversion with pre-stack and parsial stack data what can be usedfor predicting P-Impedance, S-Impedance, and density from seismic data. Otherwise,this method is also used not only for single wavelet but also multi wavelet. Theinversion result from this study can mapping out the hydrocarbon appearance forreservoir target based on cut off value from sensitivity test of less than 2,26 gr/cc.;X field is an oil field in West Natuna Basin with sandstone reservoir asprimary target. There was varying reservoir thickness, so the inversion method thatcould only be applied to map reservoir thickness, which close to tuning thickness.Based on sensitivity analysis, Acoustic Impedance parameters couldn?tindicate hydrocarbon appearance for each well, so Acoustic Impedance cannot beapplied for reservoir characterization in this field. Density versus AcousticImpedance could map hydrocarbon appearance.Shear velocity weren?t available where those data was needed for runningsimultaneous inversion method. Predicting velocity shear would be carried out byusing several method such as Castagna, Gassmann, Parsial, Xu-White, and Lee. Thebest estimated velocity shear would be used for inversion, The best estimated shearvelocity from Xu-White method because Xu-White?s poisson ratio log presentssimilar trend with water saturation log (Sw). Moreover, Xu-White?s ratio aspect isalso considering porosity and clay volume value. Based on quality control result, Vpmodel of Xu-White had minimum error ratio compared to Vp from log.Simultaneous inversion with pre-stack and parsial stack data what can be usedfor predicting P-Impedance, S-Impedance, and density from seismic data. Otherwise,this method is also used not only for single wavelet but also multi wavelet. Theinversion result from this study can mapping out the hydrocarbon appearance forreservoir target based on cut off value from sensitivity test of less than 2,26 gr/cc., X field is an oil field in West Natuna Basin with sandstone reservoir asprimary target. There was varying reservoir thickness, so the inversion method thatcould only be applied to map reservoir thickness, which close to tuning thickness.Based on sensitivity analysis, Acoustic Impedance parameters couldn’tindicate hydrocarbon appearance for each well, so Acoustic Impedance cannot beapplied for reservoir characterization in this field. Density versus AcousticImpedance could map hydrocarbon appearance.Shear velocity weren’t available where those data was needed for runningsimultaneous inversion method. Predicting velocity shear would be carried out byusing several method such as Castagna, Gassmann, Parsial, Xu-White, and Lee. Thebest estimated velocity shear would be used for inversion, The best estimated shearvelocity from Xu-White method because Xu-White’s poisson ratio log presentssimilar trend with water saturation log (Sw). Moreover, Xu-White’s ratio aspect isalso considering porosity and clay volume value. Based on quality control result, Vpmodel of Xu-White had minimum error ratio compared to Vp from log.Simultaneous inversion with pre-stack and parsial stack data what can be usedfor predicting P-Impedance, S-Impedance, and density from seismic data. Otherwise,this method is also used not only for single wavelet but also multi wavelet. Theinversion result from this study can mapping out the hydrocarbon appearance forreservoir target based on cut off value from sensitivity test of less than 2,26 gr/cc.]"

"Paduan aluminium seperti 2024 aluminium alloy banyak digunakan pada industri pesawat sebagai bahan penguat struktur dan lapisan sayap pesawat. Tetapi paduan aluminium tersebut rentan terhadap korosi pada aging state tertentu, sehingga aluminium perlu diplating. Nikel merupakan salah satu logam yang sering digunakan sebagai material pelapis karena memiliki sifat ketahanan korosi yang baik, kekerasan dan juga dapat meningkatkan tampilan dari logam yang dilapisi. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan proses pelapisan Nikel pada lempeng Aluminium melalui metode electroplating dengan variasi rapat arus sebesar 3 mA/cm2, 10 mA/cm2, dan 25 mA/cm2. Karakterisasi XRD dan SEM dilakukan untuk melihat struktur kristal dan mikrostruktur lapisan nikel. Uji kekerasan dilakukan dengan metode Vickers. Uji sifat korosi dilakukan dengan metode LSV (Linear Sweep Voltamettry). Pola difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan peningkatan intensitas bidang (111) dan bidang (002) seiring meningkatnya rapat arus, sedangkan intensitas bidang (022) mengalami penurunan. Pengolahan data LSV menunjukkan sampel dengan arus 25 mA cm-2 memiliki daya tahan korosi yang paling baik yaitu sebesar 0,157 mm/tahun, tetapi memiliki tingkat kekerasan yang paling rendah sebesar 416,6 VH. Perubahan rapat arus ditemukan dapat mempengaruhi struktur kristal, morfologi permukaan dan sifat elektrokimia lapisan nikel yang terdeposisi.

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Aluminium alloys such as 2024 aluminium alloys are widely used in aircraft industry as structural sthrength and skin for wings. However, those alloys are susceptible to corrosion at certain aging state, hence plating is necessary. Nickel is one of metal that widely used as coating material due to their high corrosion resistance property, hardness and enhancing the metal’s surfaces. In the current study, Nickel was successfully deposited on the Aluminium surface by electroplating method with various current density which are 3 mA/cm2, 10 mA/cm2, and 25 mA/cm2. XRD and SEM was performed to see the crystal structure and microstructure of the plated nickel coating. Hardness test was performed using Vikers method. The corrosion property was tested by LSV (Linear Sweep Voltamettry) method. The XRD patterns show increasing intentisy of (111) and (002) plane along the increase of current density, while the (022) intensity decreasing. The LSV shows that the sample with 25 mA cm-2 current density has the highest corrosion resistance with value of 0.157 mm/year, but it has the lowest hardness value at 416.6 VH. It was found that the variation of current density can affect crystal structure, surface morphology and electrochemical property of the deposited nickel coating."

"Untuk mengetahui pengaruh agen ikat silang terhadap sifat kuat tarik dan titik leleh polietilen densitas tinggi (HDPE-High Density Polyethylene) dibuat sampel XPE (Crosslinked Polyethylene) dengan variasi prosentase berat (0,50 sampai 1,50 bwt) agen ikat silang DCP (Dicumyl Peroxyde). Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran dan pengujian seperti fraksi rantai ikat silang.. FTIR, densitas, XRD. titik leleh, temperatur dekomposisi dan sifat kuat tarik. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa DCP merangsang meningkatkan terbentuknya rental ikat silang dalem HDPE, tetapi mulai 1.50% DCP cenderung menuju keadaan jenuh. XPE dengan kendungan DCP kurang dari 1,50' terbentuk fasa kristalin ( bidang kristal (010) ) namun secara bulk XPE lebih berfasa amorfphous. Hal ini ditandai dengan penurunan nilai derajat kristalinitas dan densitas. Fenomena ini menyebabkan titik leleh dan dekomposisi meningkat, modulus Young menurun, elongasi meningkat dan UPS meningkat walau relatif kecil.Sehingga XPE merupakan polietilen yang bersifat kuat tarik lebih baik dan lebih stabil pada pemakaian temperatur operasi tinggi."

"Densitas keadaan elektron a-Si_1-xC_x, and a-Si_1-xH_y telah dihitung untuk seluruh konsentrasi karbon dan beberapa konsentrasi hidrogen (0≤y≤0.5). Struktur atom dimodelkan dengan struktur acak kontinu yang menghubungkan atom Si, C dan H. Keadaan elektron diperoleh dengan menyelesaikan Hamiltonian tight binding kisi Bethe dengan pendekatan medan efektif. Metode Gomez-Santos dan Verges digunakan untuk memperoleh perata-rataan DOS yang memperhitungkan ketidakteraturan diagonal dan off diagonal serta ketidakteraturan parameter SRO (short range order). Model struktur yang digunakan berdasarkan konfigurasi tetrahedral dari atom Si dan C serta konfigurasi trigonal dari atom C. Kehadiran hidrogen menyebabkan pergeseran ujung atas pita valensi ke energi yang lebih rendah sehingga mengakibatkan pelebaran gap pada a-Si_1-xH_y, a-C_1-yH_y(C-sp³) dan a-C_1-yH_y (C-sp²). Pergeseran ujung atas pita valensi ke energi yang lebih rendah juga terjadi dengan kenaikan konsentrasi karbon pada a-Si_1-x, Cx(C-sp³). Pergeseran ujung atas pita valensi yang berbeda terjadi pada a-Si_1-x Cx (C-sp²) yang bergeser ke energi yang lebih tinggi. Selain itu ujung bawah pita konduksi juga bergeser ke energi yang lebih tinggi. Kenaikan lebar gap yang lebih tinggi terjadi untuk konfigurasi karbon berikatan tetrahedral sp³ dibandingkan konfigurasi karbon berikatan trigonal sp2. Kehadiran hydrogen dan karbon secara bersamaan pada aSi_1-xC_x:H_y(C-sp³) dan a-Si C_1-xC_x (C-sp²) meningkatkan lebar gap. Peningkatan fraksi karbon dalam bentuk grafit meningkatkan lebar gap a-Si_1-x C_x (C-sp² dan C-sp³) sampai konsentrasi karbon x=0.6. "

"ABSTRAKSelama kurun waktu 25 tahun khususnya sepuluh tahun terakhir dari tahun 1985 sampai 1995 pembangunan di berbagai sektor di Indonesia menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang sangat pesat. Pertumbuhan sektor pembangunan yang pesat diikuti pula oleh pertumbuhan penduduk yang sangat pesat. Pertumbuhan penduduk yang pesat ini umumnya terjadi pada propinsi-propinsi tertentu saja, sehingga propinsi yang sudah padat penduduknya akan menjadi semakin padat.Propinsi yang kepadatan penduduknya tinggi akan berkorelasi terhadap kualitas lingkungan. Yang menjadi permasalahan di sini adalah sektor pembangunan meningkat, jumlah penduduk rneningkat tetapi kualitas liugkungan khususnya kualitas udara menurun.Sebaran penduduk yang belum merata ini diduga ada korelasinya dengan penduduk masih terpusat pada daerah-daerah tertentu. Sebaran industri maupun sebaran penduduk yang belum merata, khususnya di daerahdaerah yang sangat padat penduduknya tentu akan berdampak pada kualitas lingkungan khususnya kualitas udara.Untuk mengetahui apakah sebaran industri manufaktur mempunyai korelasi terhadap sebaran penduduk maupun terhadap kualitas lingkungan, khususnya kualitas udara maka dilakukan studi ini.Studi ini dilakukan dengan mengolah data sekunder, terutama dan Sensus Ekonomi 1985, Sensus Ekonomi 1995, Supas 1985, Supas 1995 dan Neraca Kependudukan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah 1995.Manfaat studi ini adalah untuk memberikan masukan pada .suatu pengambilan keputusan dalam perencanaan tata ruang.Pada studi ini diajukan empat hipotesis yaitu: (i) Penyebaran industri manufaktur mempunyai korelasi yang kuat terhadap penyebaran penduduk di tiap-tiap propinsi di Indonesia, (ii) Sektor usaha jasa (perdagangan besar, eceran, rumah makan, restoran, serta hotel; angkutan, penggudangan, komunikasi; jasa keuangan, asuransi, usaha persewaan, bangunan tanah, jasa prusahaan; jasa kemasyarakatan dan sosial hiburan dan peroraugan) mempunyai korelasi yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan sektor industri (pertambangan dan penggalian; manufakur; lisirik, gas, dan air, bangunan dan konstruksi) terhadap penyebaran penduduk di tiap-tiap propinsi di Indonesia, (iii) Sektor industri manufaktur secara umum mempunyai korelasi yang kuat terhadap pertumbuhan sektor-sektor usaha jasa industri lain terutama sektor usaha jasa, (iv) Sebaran industri manufaktur maupun sebaran penduduk mempunyai korelasi yang kuat terhadap kualitas udara.Dari hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan persarnaan regresi dan korelasi melalui Program Statistika 5 maka dapat disimpulkan bnhwa hipotesis 1, 2, 3, dan 4 dapat diterima. Dalam hal korelasi antara penyebaran industri, penyebaran penduduk dan kualitas lingkungan, khususnya kualitas udara dapat dikatakan bahwa :Semakin padat industri manufaktur di suatu daerah maka semakin padat penduduknya, demikian juga pencemaran udaranya akan semakin meningkat. Bahan pencemar udara yang berkorelasi dengan meningkatnya kepadatan industri manufaktur adalah debu, NOx, HC, CO, dan CO2, sedangkan bahan pencemar udara yang berkorelasi laugsung dengan uktivitas kepadatan penduduk adalah debu, CO, dan CO2 ini menunjukkan bahwa sebaran industri manufaktur dan sebaran penduduk mempunyai korelasi yang kuat terhadap kualitas lingkungan khususnya kualitas udara. Semakin padat industri manufaktur di suatu propinsi, maka semakin padat penduduknya sedangkan kualitas udaranya menjadi semakin rendah.

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ABSTRACT

During the last quarter of a century, especially the last decade, from 1985 to 1995, development in every sector in Indonesia has shown a rapid ,growth_ The rapid growth was followed by an increase in population too. The growth of this population, generally, occurs in certain provinces. Hence, these provinces that are already crowded became even more crowded. Provinces which have a huge population will correlate with environmental quality. The problem here is that development. and population increased but environmental quality, especially air quality, decreased.

Unbalanced population distribution pattern may be due to the distribution are of manufacturing firms. The distribution of both manufacturing firms and population focussed in a certain region. Both these unbalanced distributions will certainly influence environmental quality.

To find out whether or not the distribution of manufacturing firms correlate closely with population distribution, and environmental quality, especially air quality, therefore this research was undertaken.

This research was conducted by processing secondary data, mostly from the economic census 1985, economic census 1995, Supas 1985, Supas 1995 and NKLU 1995.

This research is useful inproviding input for making decisions for site plan. This research proposed four hypotheses as follows:

1. The distribution of manufacturing firms have strong correlations with population distribution in each province in Indonesia

2. Services sectors (big trade, retail, restaurants and hotels, transport, finance services, insurance. rentals, real estates, services company, community social and personal services) have stronger correlations compared to industry sectors (mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water supply, construction) towards population distribution in every province in Indonesia

3. Manufacturing, generally, has strong correlations towards the growth of service establishment or other industry, especially service establishment.

4. Manufacturing industry distribution as well as population distribution has strong correlations towards air quality.

Results of data analyses by using regression equation and correlation through Statistic Program 5, it could be concluded that hypothesis 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be accepted. Correlations between industry distribution, population distribution and air quality it could be stated that:

The more crowded the manufacturing industries in one region, the more dense population will be; the same is true with air pollution.

The air pollutant that have correlations with increasing manufacturing industries were dust, NOx, HC, CO, and C02. Whilst air pollutants that have correlations with population were dust, CO, and C02. These indicate that the Beater the population in one region, the lower the environmental quality will be, especially air quality."