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"Transcultural care is an important aspect of patient care. This review paper discusses the influence of Islamic philosophy on the faith and practices of Muslim patients with diabetes mellitus and its musculoskeletal manifestations. Relevant articles were searched from the electronic databases Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, ProQuest, and Science Direct using the keywords “Islamic philosophy, the influence of Islamic Philosophy in Muslim patients, religious practice during sick, fasting months, and sick.” No time limitation was specified for article selection. The database search yielded 170 potential articles. The abstracts of these articles were screened, and 50 full-length manuscripts were obtained, reviewed, and analyzed for their relevance to the subject matter. Discussions rooted in the ontology, epistemology, and methodology of Islamic philosophy were described in detail to provide a sound understanding of its influence on Muslim patients. The ontology of Islamic philosophy is based on four important concepts, namely, the Unity of Allah, the Unity of Creation, the Unity of Thought, and the Unity of Man. The epistemological approach can help Muslim patients search for knowledge on the basis of ontology and three principles, namely, Ilm’ Yaqin, Ainul Yaqin, and Haqqal Yaqin. The ontology and epistemology shape the methodology of Muslim patients’ daily life -according to the Islamic concepts of the Five Pillars and Six True Faiths. The issues patients with diabetes mellitus and its musculoskeletal manifestations encounter usually arise when they need to perform obligations during fasting and prayers. Understanding Islamic philosophy in caring for patients with diabetes is important among healthcare pro-fessionals to provide appropriate care. Better healthcare services may be provided to Muslim patients if their specific needs are fulfilled according to their beliefs and culture."

"ABSTRACTThis study examines Fazlur Rahman's understanding of Islamic philosophy byanalyzing his attitude towards the works of Muslim philosophers and his belief in the valueof the Qur?an?s precepts. It pays specific attention to the relationship between hisunderstanding of philosophy and his method of interpreting the Qur?an, since in Rahman'sunderstanding, this method is the only means to satisfy the changing needs of society. Itexplores Rahman?s definition of Islamic philosophy, which is strongly characterized bythree religious terms, iman, islam, and taqwa.The thesis furthermore looks at the reasons why Rahman borrowed certainphilosophical expressions of the Muslim philosophers in his works when, at first glance,their doctrines contradict Rahman?s cum position. Special attention is paid to his bookMajor Themes ofthe Qur'an, wherein Rahman discusses human existence and his finaldestiny through his interpretation of the Qur?an. The thesis concludes that Rahman?sIslamic philosophy is a moral one, which is practically oriented and based on hisunderstanding ofthe Qur'an.

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AbstractCette étude examine l?approache de Fazlur Rahman de la philosophic islamique enanalysant son attitude A l'éga.rd des ocuvres des philosophcs musulmans ainsi que lesconvictions de l'auteur concemant la valeur des préceptes du Qur?an. Elle explore lesrelations existant entre sa philosophic et sa méthode d?interprétation du Qur?an puisque,selon le raisonnement de Rahman, cette méthode demeure le seul moyen puovant satisfaireles besoins changeants de la société. De plus, l?étude explore la definition donnée parRahman de la philosophic islarnique, qui est fortemcnt caractérisée par trois termes rcligieux,c?est-A-dire, l?.iman, l?islam et le taqwa.Du plus, ce mémoire examine les motivations qui ont poussé Rahman, dans sesoeuvres, it emprunter ccrtaines expressions utilisées par les philosophcs musulmans, puisque,A premiere vue, cela semble contredire les positions prises par Rahman. Une attentionparticulicre sera accorclée 5 son livre Major Themes ofthe Qur?an dans lequel Rahmanélabore sur l'existence humaine et l?ultime destin selon son interpretation du Qur?an. Cemémoire parvient a la conclusion que la philosophic islamiquc de Rahman est unephilosophic morale, qui est pratiquement oricntée et basée sur sa comprehension du Qur?an."

"Islamic intellectual thought is at the center of this collection of articles honoring Dimitri Gutas by friends, colleagues, and former students. The essays cover three main areas: the classical heritage and Islamic culture; classical Arabic science and philosophy; and Muslim traditional sciences. They show the interconnectedness between the Islamic intellectual tradition and its historical predecessors of Greek and Persian provenance, ranging from poetry to science and philosophy. Yet, at the same time, the authors demonstrate the independence of Muslim scholarship and the rich inner-Muslim debates that brought forth a flourishing scholastic culture in the sciences, philosophy, literature, and religious sciences. This collection also reflects the breadth of contemporary research on the intellectual traditions of Islamic civilization. "

"Tulisan ini merupakan studi mengenai esensi kemurnian Islam dalam diskursus Islam Pribumi dan Islam Puritan yang ada di Indonesia. Berbagai peristiwa sosiologis berperiodik di wilayah Nusantara telah membuat masyarakat muslim di Indonesia kini terfragmentasi menjadi dua kelompok berbeda, berdasarkan kiblat ideal otentisitas Islam masing-masing. Sebagian ada yang menganggap bahwa esensi Islam ada pada zaman keemasan Muhammad dan berkiblat pada budaya Timur Tengah pada masa itu. Sebagian lainnya menganggap bahwa esensi Islam justru sudah hadir dan hidup di tengah transformasi sosial dan budaya di wilayah Nusantara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali seperti apa esensi dan wajah Islam di Indonesia yang seharusnya, melalui dialektika antara kedua jenis kelompok tersebut. Metode yang dipakai di dalam tulisan ini adalah studi literatur dengan pendekatan melalui hermeneutik Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, dengan gagasannya terkait pembacaan kitab suci melalui konteks historis dan kritik teks Al-Qur’an. Esensi dan wajah Islam sesungguhnya telah hidup di Indonesia sejak awal kehadirannya di wilayah Nusantara karena Islam di Indonesia harus dapat berdialektika dengan pluralitas budaya dan masyarakatnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompatibilitas gagasan Islam Pribumi dengan kondisi Indonesia, sesuai dengan pendekatan Nasr Hamid dalam melihat agama yang seharusnya dapat bersinergi dengan budaya.

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This paper is a study of the essence of Islam in the discourse of Puritan Islam and Indigenous Islam in Indonesia. The Muslim community in Indonesia is now fragmented into two distinct groups. The first group considers that the essence of Islam must follow Middle Eastern traditions in all its aspects. The second group considers that the essence of Islam must adapt to local traditions/cultures as long as it does not conflict with the holy text of the Qur'an and Sunnah of Muhammad SAW. The purpose of this research is to explore what the essence of Islam in Indonesia should be. The method used in this paper is a literature study through Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd's hermeneutic approach with his ideas related to the reading of the Qur’an through the historical context and criticism of Quranic verses. The results of the study indicate that the essence of Indonesian Islam is Indigenous Islam because Islam should be able to synergize with all times and places and thus be able to have a dialectic with the plurality of culture and society, so that Islam can be accepted by all, including Indonesian cultures that is different from the Middle Eastern culture."

"Tuan Guru Imam Abdullah ibn Qadhi Abd al-Salam adalah seorang ulama yang berperan penting dalam pengembangan Islam di Afrika Selatan. Ia adalah ulama asal Tidore (Maluku Utara) yang diasingkan ke Cape pada tahun 1780 karena menentang praktek monopoli, perbudakan, dan kerja paksa yang diterapkan pemerintah kolonial Belanda. Selama pengasingan di Cape Town ia berhasil merampungkan sejumlah karya besar, antara lain Ma`rifah al-Islam wa al-Iman yang berisi tentang ilmu qalam, tauhid, dan fiqih. Setelah dibebaskan ia mendirikan sekolah madrasah untuk mendidik para budak dan warga kulit hitam yang telah memeluk agama Islam. Pendidikan Islam yang dikembangkan Tuan Guru di Cape Town didasarkan pada filsafat pendidikan Ash?ari yang mencakup taqdir, iradah, taqwa, iktisab, qadha, dan qadhar. Konsep filsafat pendidikan inilah yang menjadi dasar pembentukan pribadi muslim yang berakhlakulkarimah.

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Tuan Guru Imam Abdullah ibn Qadhi Abd al-Salam is the Scholar of Islam who had an important role on the Islamic development in South Africa. He comes from Tidore (North Maluku) who exiled to the Cape in 1780 by the Dutch Colonial becouse of his oppsite to Dutch Colonial?s policy of monopoly, slavery, and forced labour. While in prison on his exiled at the Cape Town, he completed a number of magnum opus, i.e. Ma`rifah al-Islam wa al-Iman, a manuscript contain with qalam (Word of God), tauhid (Ones of God), and fiqh (Study of laws partaining to ritual obligation). After his bandaging, he establish a madrasah to educate the slaves and free blacks of the Cape who had become Muslim. The Muslim education in the Cape bassed on the Ash?ari concepts of takdir, iradah, taqwah, iktisab, qadha and qadhar. Thes concept had make as a basic in formation of muslim personality."