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"Cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) dapat berasosiasi dan bersimbiosis dengan 97% famili tanaman tingkat tinggi. CMA termasuk ordo Glomales, dan berdasarkan struktur tubuh dan cara menginfeksinya dibagi atas endomikoriza dan ektomikoriza. CMA berguna untuk memperbaiki sifat fisik dan kimia tanah, meningkatkan serapan hara,meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap kekeringan, melindungi akar dari serangan patogen, meningkatkanhasil tanaman, dan melepaskan fosfat yang terfiksasi. Cendawan kelompok ektomikoriza dapat dimanfaatkansebagai bahan pangan dan obat-obatan. Aplikasi CMA pada tanaman jagung di tanah Inceptisol dapat meningkatkan infeksi akar, serapan fosfat, bobot kering tanaman, dan hasil pipilan kering seiring dengan bertambahnya dosis CMA hingga 20 g/batang dan pupuk NPK hingga 100%. Serapan fosfat berkorelasi positif dengan hasil pipilan kering jagung. CMA dapat mengefisienkan penggunaan pupuk hingga 50%. Pemberian 50% pupuk NPK ditambah CMA 15 g/batang memberikan hasil pipilan kering jagung yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan pemberian 100% NPK. Hasil pipilan kering tertinggi diperoleh pada pemberian 100% NPK ditambah dengan CMA 20 g/batang."

"Jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan tanaman pangan nasional kedua setelah padi dan perannya semakin meningkat sejalan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk, usaha peternakan, dan berkembangnya industri olahan berbahan baku jagung. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif serta dilakukan secara bertahap yaitu: pra-study dalam rangka pengumpulan informasi tetang kondisi umum dan petani di kabupaten Pasaman Barat, desk study intensif terhadap data luasan dan perkembangan jagung hibrida serta semua informasi yang diperoleh dari kegiatan pra-study; observasi, survey lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan : mengidentifikasi system produksi jagung di Pasaman Barat mengidentifikasi potensi pengembangan areal dan analisa usahatani jagung, menyusun Program Aksi Pengembangan jagung di Pasaman Barat. Umur petani jagung di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat antara 40-60 tahun, dengan lama sekolah selama dari 9 tahun dan jumlah anggota keluarga petani 5 orang. Produksi jagung tertinggi di kabupaten Pasaman Barat terjadi pada tahun 2009 sebesar 364.287 ton dengan luas panen 44.793 ha dan produktivitas 6,99 ton/ha, pada tahun 2010 terjadi penurunan produksi menjadi 220.761 ton dengan produktivitas 6,3 ton/ karena terjadinya penurunan luas panen menjadi 33.757 ha. Dan pada tahun 2011 produksi jagung kembali normal dengan produksi 286.078 ton/tahun dengan luas tanam 44.360 ha dan produktivitas 6,50 ton/ha. Potensi lahan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk usahatani jagung mencapai 142.850 ha yang didominasi tanah gambut dan mineral masing-masing seluas 7.550 ha dan 16.550 ha. Dari usahatani jagung dapat memberikan keuntungan sebesar Rp 8.860.000,-/ha. Bila masa pertanaman jagung 4 bulan maka pendapatan petani jagung per bulannya sebesar Rp 2.215.000,-."

"The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of water deficit on the growth and yield of corn . The variety of corn used in this research was new and doesnt have market label. This research in conducted under plastic house on the experimental farm of Lampung University from August to October 2007..."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk NPK BASF dan pupuk pelengkap cair T-N-F pada berbagai taraf perlakuan yang di laksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan....."

"Corn seed subsidy policy is one of the ministry of agriculture's development programs which was estabilished in 2006 and continued in 2008 . The aim of this policy is to increase area of hybrid corn, increase production and productivity, open job opportunity and improve farmer's income,acclerate the developmentof national corn seed industry, provide feed industry and raw material for food industry and support corn self-sufficiency program...."

"[Target swasembada jagung di tahun 2016 perlu untuk dikaji ulang ketercapaiannya, karena target tersebut diiringi dengan beberapa kebijakan lainnya, seperti : penahanan stok di pelabuhan, pencabutan lisensi impor jagung oleh swasta, pemusatan manajemen stok jagung kepada Bulog. Apabila kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut tetap diimplementasikan di tengah kondisi pasar domestik yang kekurangan suplai, maka target swasembada jagung tahun 2016 akan menjadi malapetaka bagi para produsen pakan ternak yang memerlukan suplai jagung secara teratur. Studi ini ditujukan untuk meramal pencapaian target swasembada jagung di tahun 2016 dengan cara meramal produksi dan konsumsi pada tahun 2016 menggunakan beberapa alternatif metode : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable dan Recursive Model. Hasilnya, Indonesia akan mencapai swasembada jagung pada tahun 2016 dengan surplus sebesar 189.918 ton jagung pipilan kering dengan kadar air 25%. Namun mengingat kebutuhan industri pakan yang merupakan jagung pipilan kering dengan kadar air 15%, maka volume produksi yang menyusut akan membuat perhitungan di tahun 2016 malah menjadi defisit sebesar 2,51 juta ton. Apabila Indonesia ingin menutup defisit tersebut, diperlukan lahan jagung sebesar 4,3 juta hektar atau produktifitas lahan sebesar 63 kuintal per hektar.

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Corn self-sufficiency target in 2016 feasibility needs to be revisited because the program brings along several policies, such as : stock restricting at the ports, private’s import license abolishing and centering stock management to Bulog. Unless the domestic market being surplus, the policies implemented will cause a menace for livestock feed producers—for they need a regular corn supply. This study aims to forecast whether the target is going to be achieved by forecasting corn production and consumption in 2016 using several methods : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable and Recursive Model. The result shows that Indonesia is forecasted to achieve corn self-sufficiency by 2016; shown by a surplus of 189.918 tonne (with 25% moisture content). However, it is should be considered that feed-mill industry needs corn with 15% moisture content—and drying the corn shrinks its mass; leading to decrease of surplus and even change it into deficit of 2.51 million tonne. If Indonesia aims to self-suffice the deficit, then Indonesia needs 4.3 million hectares of corn land or land productivity of 6.3 tonne per hectare.

;Corn self-sufficiency target in 2016 feasibility needs to be revisited because the program brings along several policies, such as : stock restricting at the ports, private’s import license abolishing and centering stock management to Bulog. Unless the domestic market being surplus, the policies implemented will cause a menace for livestock feed producers—for they need a regular corn supply. This study aims to forecast whether the target is going to be achieved by forecasting corn production and consumption in 2016 using several methods : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable and Recursive Model. The result shows that Indonesia is forecasted to achieve corn self-sufficiency by 2016; shown by a surplus of 189.918 tonne (with 25% moisture content). However, it is should be considered that feed-mill industry needs corn with 15% moisture content—and drying the corn shrinks its mass; leading to decrease of surplus and even change it into deficit of 2.51 million tonne. If Indonesia aims to self-suffice the deficit, then Indonesia needs 4.3 million hectares of corn land or land productivity of 6.3 tonne per hectare.

;Corn self-sufficiency target in 2016 feasibility needs to be revisited because the program brings along several policies, such as : stock restricting at the ports, private’s import license abolishing and centering stock management to Bulog. Unless the domestic market being surplus, the policies implemented will cause a menace for livestock feed producers—for they need a regular corn supply. This study aims to forecast whether the target is going to be achieved by forecasting corn production and consumption in 2016 using several methods : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable and Recursive Model. The result shows that Indonesia is forecasted to achieve corn self-sufficiency by 2016; shown by a surplus of 189.918 tonne (with 25% moisture content). However, it is should be considered that feed-mill industry needs corn with 15% moisture content—and drying the corn shrinks its mass; leading to decrease of surplus and even change it into deficit of 2.51 million tonne. If Indonesia aims to self-suffice the deficit, then Indonesia needs 4.3 million hectares of corn land or land productivity of 6.3 tonne per hectare.

;Corn self-sufficiency target in 2016 feasibility needs to be revisited because the program brings along several policies, such as : stock restricting at the ports, private’s import license abolishing and centering stock management to Bulog. Unless the domestic market being surplus, the policies implemented will cause a menace for livestock feed producers—for they need a regular corn supply. This study aims to forecast whether the target is going to be achieved by forecasting corn production and consumption in 2016 using several methods : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable and Recursive Model. The result shows that Indonesia is forecasted to achieve corn self-sufficiency by 2016; shown by a surplus of 189.918 tonne (with 25% moisture content). However, it is should be considered that feed-mill industry needs corn with 15% moisture content—and drying the corn shrinks its mass; leading to decrease of surplus and even change it into deficit of 2.51 million tonne. If Indonesia aims to self-suffice the deficit, then Indonesia needs 4.3 million hectares of corn land or land productivity of 6.3 tonne per hectare.

, Corn self-sufficiency target in 2016 feasibility needs to be revisited because the program brings along several policies, such as : stock restricting at the ports, private’s import license abolishing and centering stock management to Bulog. Unless the domestic market being surplus, the policies implemented will cause a menace for livestock feed producers—for they need a regular corn supply. This study aims to forecast whether the target is going to be achieved by forecasting corn production and consumption in 2016 using several methods : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable and Recursive Model. The result shows that Indonesia is forecasted to achieve corn self-sufficiency by 2016; shown by a surplus of 189.918 tonne (with 25% moisture content). However, it is should be considered that feed-mill industry needs corn with 15% moisture content—and drying the corn shrinks its mass; leading to decrease of surplus and even change it into deficit of 2.51 million tonne. If Indonesia aims to self-suffice the deficit, then Indonesia needs 4.3 million hectares of corn land or land productivity of 6.3 tonne per hectare.

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"Penurunan produktivitas tanah akibat penggunaan pupuk kimia berlebih menjadi permasalahan umum yang terjadi pada tanah marginal. Pertanian cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) menjadi salah satu sektor pertanian yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap roda perekonomian di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan pupuk kimia dalam mendukung pertumbuhan cabai rawit yang diinokulasikan fungi mikoriza arbuskular Funneliformis mosseae. Parameter pengujian meliputi kimia edafik tanah, agronomi tanaman, kejadian penyakit tanaman, kolonisasi mikoriza, biokimia tanah, sporulasi fungi mikoriza, hingga kelimpahan bakteri pelarut fosfat dan penambat nitrogen di tanah. Hasil menunjukkan adanya beda nyata dalam peningkatan biomassa tanaman cabai rawit yang diinokulasi dengan F. mosseae di berbagai dosis pupuk fosfat dan urea. Hasil analisis statistik DMRT menunjukkan kolonisasi fungi mikoriza F. mosseae berpengaruh dalam mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman cabai pada tanah defisiensi unsur hara nitrogen. Fungi Funneliformis mosseae mampu mereduksi kejadian penyakit cabai rawit di berbagai dosis pupuk fosfat dan urea. Aktivitas enzim fosfatase dan mikroba total di tanah meningkat pada tanaman cabai rawit yang diinokulasi F. mosseae. Asosiasi F. mosseae dengan tanaman cabai rawit memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap populasi mikroba penambat nitrogen dan pelarut fosfat di tanah. Pemberian fungi F. mosseae dapat menekan penggunaan pupuk fosfat sebesar 75% serta memberikan hasil terbaik pada dosis normal pupuk urea. Fungi F. mosseae dapat menekan penggunaan pupuk kimia dan mendukung pertanian cabai rawit yang berkelanjutan.

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Excessive use of chemical fertilizers results in a decrease in soil fertility, a common problem in marginal soils. Chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) farming is one of Indonesia’s most important agricultural industries. The research aimed to optimize the use of chemical fertilizers to support the growth of chili inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Funneliformis mosseae. Soil edaphic chemistry, plant agronomy, plant disease incidence, mycorrhizal colonization, soil biochemistry, mycorrhizal fungi sporulation, and the colony of phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil also were included in the test parameters. The results revealed that the increase in plant biomass of chili inoculated with F. mosseae was significantly different regardless of the amount of phosphate and urea fertilizer applied. The mycorrhizal fungi colonization of F. mosseae was successful in supporting the growth of chili plants in nitrogen-deficient soils, according to the results of DMRT statistical analysis. At various phosphate and urea fertilizer dosages, the F. mosseae fungi reduced the incidence of chili disease. When chili plants were inoculated with F. mosseae, phosphatase enzyme activity and total microorganisms in the soil increased. The presence of F. mosseae in the soil increases the population of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Funneliformis mosseae fungi can reduce the use of phosphate fertilizers by up to 75% while producing the highest performance with standard urea fertilizer dosages. The F. mosseae fungi can help the farmers cultivate chilis more sustainably by reducing the consumption of chemical fertilizers.

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"Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui keberadaan fungi mikoriza di dalam jaringan akar Dendrobium crumenatum, Dendrobium cucullatum, dan Dendrobiumanosmum. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemanasan akar dengan KOH dan freehand sections. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fungi mikoriza ditemukan di dalam selsel yang telah terdiferensiasi dan tidak ditemukan ditemukan di dalam selsel yang belum berdiferensiasi, yaitu pada bagian ujung akar. Fungi mikoriza ditemukan di dalam jaringan eksodermis, korteks, endodermis, dan stele dalam bentuk peloton. Persentase kepadatan fungi tertinggi terdapat pada akar remaja ketiga spesies Dendrobium, yaitu 43,1%; 44,16%; dan 38,42%; dan pada spesies Dendrobiumcrumenatumsebesar 41,31%.

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This research is aimed to understand the presence of mycorrhizal fungi in root tissues of Dendrobiumcrumenatum, endrobiumcucullatum, and Dendrobium anosmum. The methode are used heating roots within KOH 10% and freehand sections. The results are showing that the mycorrhizal fungi is founded inside differentiated cells and not founded inside undifferentiated cells, which is root tip. The mycorrhizal fungi are founded inside exoderm, cortex, endoderm, and stele. Percentage of highest density of mycorrhizal fungi found in intermediate roots of Dendrobiumspecies, that are 43,1%; 44,16%; and 38,42%; and on the species of Dendrobiumcrumenatum, that is 41,31%. "