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"This paper is the result of research that discusses the conception of paramilitary policing and investigating their implementation within the body of the POLRI. Including identify the elements of paramilitary policing in a variety of functional unit (satfung) in departement of police in resort level.The results of this study indicate the necessity of paramilitary policing control in the execution of duty serving the interests of the general public, but still needed internally in order to improve discipline and unity of police personnel in facing the instability and uncertainty of duties in the field."

"The thesis discusses the topic of Paramilitary Policing that occurs at the Sabhara Function of the Metro Police Resort, South Jakarta and Bogor City Police Resort. The study refers to the former study on Paramilitary Policing in the implementation of tasks at the Police Functional Units (The study at the Metro Police Resort, South Jakarta and Bogor City Police Resort) where paramilitary policing is still dominant and inherent at the National Police, in particular related to the sabhara function. This study applies primary data through in-depth interviews and observation. It clarifies and illustrates why the element of paramilitary policing at the Metro Police Resort of South Jakarta and Bogor City Police Resort is similar whereas these two regions differ in characteristics and culture. The conclusion drawn from the study is that the similarity in military policing is caused by the legal foundations of the Indonesian National Police (Legislation, Government Regulations, Head of INP Regulations, Implementation and Technical Guidelines), besides the similarity in attitude and actions by Police officers, particularly in handling demonstrations as well as their repressive actions/arresting of offenders, show of force, and the utilization of tactical vehicles.;The thesis discusses the topic of Paramilitary Policing that occurs at the Sabhara Function of the Metro Police Resort, South Jakarta and Bogor City Police Resort. The study refers to the former study on Paramilitary Policing in the implementation of tasks at the Police Functional Units (The study at the Metro Police Resort, South Jakarta and Bogor City Police Resort) where paramilitary policing is still dominant and inherent at the National Police, in particular related to the sabhara function. This study applies primary data through in-depth interviews and observation. It clarifies and illustrates why the element of paramilitary policing at the Metro Police Resort of South Jakarta and Bogor City Police Resort is similar whereas these two regions differ in characteristics and culture. The conclusion drawn from the study is that the similarity in military policing is caused by the legal foundations of the Indonesian National Police (Legislation, Government Regulations, Head of INP Regulations, Implementation and Technical Guidelines), besides the similarity in attitude and actions by Police officers, particularly in handling demonstrations as well as their repressive actions/arresting of offenders, show of force, and the utilization of tactical vehicles."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini meneliti tentang bagaimana faktor-faktor domestik mempengaruhi arah kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam rangka merespons dinamika situasi internasional, dengan menggunakan teori Neoclassical Realism. Situasi internasional yang terjadi pada masa itu adalah modernisasi militer yang terjadi di kawasan Asia Tenggara, diintervensi oleh keempat faktor domestik, yakni persepsi pemimpin, budaya strategis, hubungan negara dan masyarakat, dan institusi domestik. Dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun 1997-2007 , negara-negara di Asia Tenggara ndash; Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, dan Indonesia ndash; melakukan modernisasi militer. Dibandingkan negara yang lain, Indonesia belum bisa melaksanakan modernisasi militer dengan optimal. Pada 27 April 2007 Indonesia dan Singapura sepakat untuk menandatangani Perjanjian Kerja Sama Pertahanan atau Defense Cooperation Agreement DCA . Perjanjian ini akan memberikan akses terhadap Singapura ke beberapa wilayah kedaulatan Indonesia untuk digunakan sebagai Military Training Area MTA . Selain itu, DCA juga memungkinkan untuk dilakukannya latihan militer bersama, pertukaran personil militer, dan pembangunan fasilitas militer Indonesia oleh Singapura. Namun demikian, DPR RI justru mengecam penandatanganan DCA dan memutuskan untuk menolak untuk meratifikasi kesepakatan tersebut. Satu dekade setelah DCA ditandatangani, belum ada kelanjutan proses ratifikasi perjanjian pertahanan tersebut. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa DCA merupakan bentuk external balancing yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia terhadap modernisasi negara-negara di Asia Tenggara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha pemerintah Indonesia untuk melakukan external balancing gagal dikarenakan oleh empat variabel perantara, yakni persepsi DPR RI, budaya strategis, hubungan negara masyarakat, dan institusi domestik.

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ABSTRAKThis thesis examines how domestic factors influence the direction of Indonesian foreign policy in order to respond to the dynamics of the international situation using the Neoclassical Realism theory. The international situation occurring during that period was the military modernization that occurred in Southeast Asia, which was interfered by the four domestic factors, namely leader 39 s perception, strategic culture, state and society relations, and domestic institutions. Within ten years 1997 2007 , countries in Southeast Asia Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Indonesia implementing military modernization. Compared to other countries, Indonesia has not been able to carry out military modernization optimally. On April 27, 2007 Indonesia and Singapore agreed to sign a Defense Cooperation Agreement DCA . This Agreement will grant Singapore access to several sovereign territories of Indonesia as a Military Training Area MTA . In addition, the DCA also allows for joint military exercises, military personnel exchanges, and the construction of Indonesian military facilities by Singapore. However, the DPR RI House of Representatives criticized the signing of the DCA and decided to refuse to ratify it. Up to a decade after the DCA was signed, there has been no continuation of the ratification process of the defense agreement. This paper argues that DCA is a form of external balancing by the Indonesian government towards the military modernization of countries in Southeast Asia. The results of this study indicate that the Indonesian government 39 s attempts to perform external balancing failed due to four intermediate variables, namely the perception of DPR RI, strategic culture, state and society relations, and domestic institutions."

"Pada tahun 1999 negara-negara maju yang tergabung dalam kelompok G8 telah memutuskan untuk memperluas keanggotaannya dengan cara mengikutsertakan negara-negara berkembang. Indonesia merupakn salah satunya. Alasan dari keanggotaan ini adalah Indonesia merupakan negara terbesar yang ada di Asia Tenggara dan memiliki nilai yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonominya. Jadi dapat dikatakan bahwa Indonesia merupakan perwakilan dari negara-negara berkembang. Setelah melakukan riset perpustakaan didapat kesimpulan bahwa terdapat beberap keuntungan dan kerugian yang diterima oleh Indonesia dari keanggotaan ini. Keuntungannya adalah semakin memperkuat kerjasama perdagangan dan pencapaian prestise diantara para anggota lainnya. Disamping itu terdapat pula kerugiannya yaitu semakin terlihat jelas lemahnya posisi Indonesia di kelompok G20 dan terdapat banyak keputusan yang ditetapkan oleh kelompok G20 yang berdasarkan pada kepentingan nasional dari negara-negara maju."

"Tesis ini merupakan deskripsi hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada kesatuan polisi kewilayahan terbawah, yang terpencil, dalam organisasi kepolisian wilayah Jakarta. Tepatnya Pos Polisi Pulau Kelapa, wilayah Kepolisian Sektor Metropolitan Kepulauan Seribu, dengan etika sebagai kajiannya.Yang ingin ditunjukkan dan diketengahkan adalah kegiatan polisi secara eksplisit maupun implisit dimana para anggota polisi dalam memerankan tugasnya dan mencerminkan etika kepolisian dalam hubungannya dengan masyarakat setempat, utamanya tentang tugas yang dilakukan, kehidupannya, pertanggung jawabannya dan tanggapan masyarakat, yang kemudian menghasilkan pengalaman-pengalaman atau konvensai-konvensi. Yang dapat diartikan sebagal suatu sikap etika kepolisian.Metodologi difocuskan pada pengamatan fikiran-fikiran, peilaku dan pertanggung jawaban anggota polisi setempat serta Iingkungan kehidupan dan budaya masyarakat yang dilayani dan dilindungi serta pengambilan keputusannya untuk melakukan tindakan-tindakan kepolisiannya.Etika kepolisian telah cukup lama dihadirkan dalam peri kehidupan kepolisisan, berupa pedoman hidup dan pedoman karya, yaitu : Tribrata dan Catur Prasatya. Dikemudian had kedua pedoman tersebut diangkat sebagai kode etik, dan selanjutnya memiliki kekuatan normatif karena dinyatakan dalam undang-undang (kepolisian, 1997).Permasalahan yang timbul dan perlu dicari jawabannya adalah : Bagaimana peran kode etik sebagai upaya untuk memantapkan profesi. Pembahasan dengan mengacu pada beberapa teori, satu diantaranya pendapat Donald C. Witham yaitu bahwa : Kode etik merupakan salah seta karakeristik sebagai kriteria suatu profesi".

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This paper comes from the descriptive research conducted in the lowest hierarchy of the police departement in the the very remote island in the north of Jakarta, the capital city, To be precise, the location is in the office of Pulau Kelapa Police Unit of the Sector of Kepulauan Seribu Metropolitan Police.

The focuses of the research are to portray the activities of members of police departement carrying out their duties to serve and protect the society and to frame the responds of the public as the customer of the services. The relationships of the two can be used to draw, although still in the very general picture, the ethical foundation of the police duties and functions.

Police ethics have been long preserve, eventhough not in the formal way, as a way of life and work guidance of the police force : Tribrata and Catur Prasatya. The code of ethics, later, has been formalized under government act. The significant of ethical codes has been recognized in the effetive performance of police duties.

The enduring question is, however : How the ethical codes can be used to strengthen the professionalism of police force. The discussion in this paper tightly refers to several theories and concepts. One in the leading opinion is that of Donald C. Wham who states that 'codes of ethics is one of the characteristic of professionalism criteria'."