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"ABSTRACTUndang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (The 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia or UUD 1945) -which restored back through Presidential Decree July 5, 1959 - experience a nonformalchanges by the establishment of various laws and policies by the parliament and government, then impacted by the maiaay crisis and the economiccrisis followed by political crises, which pushed the formal change of UUD 1945. Formal changes of the Constitution of Japan, set forth in Article 96 which stipulates that at least required the approval of 2/3 members of the Diet and approved by a majority of citizens in a referendum; and until nowthe formal change to The Constitution of Japan has not yet taken placed but what happened in the constitutional practice is a constitutionaltransformation (kempo hensen) of Article 9 The Constitution of Japan, which can be seen in the constitutional practices conducted by the legislative,executive, and judicial body."

"ABSTRAKUpaya dalam mewujudkan suatu UUD 1945 yang demokratis dapatterlihat dari proses pembuatannya yang dilakukan melalui mekanisme yangdemokratis dimana mekanisme yang demokratis adalah dengan melibatkan peranserta masyarakat dalam prosedur perubahannya. Dalam penelitian ini diajukan duamasalah pokok yaitu bagaimana pengaturan peran serta masyarakat dalamperubahan UUD yang pernah terjadi di Indonesia dan bagaimana peran sertamasyarakat dalam mekanisme perubahan UUD 1945 guna mewujudkan suatukonstitusi yang demokratis. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum doktrinal yangbersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan perbandingan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam perubahan UUD yang pernahterjadi di Indonesia, tidak disebutkan secara eksplisit pengaturan peran sertamasyarakat di dalamnya. Adapun peran serta masyarakat dalam mekanismeperubahan UUD 1945 baik perubahan pertama sampai dengan perubahan keempatguna mewujudkan suatu konstitusi yang demokratis, hanya diikutsertakan dalamdua tahapan dari tiga tahapan yang tersedia yaitu tahap sebelum perancanganUUD 1945 dan tahap pada saat perancangan UUD 1945. Adapun peran sertamasyarakat dalam tahap setelah perancangan UUD 1945 tidak dikutsertakankembali. Atas dasar uraian tersebut, maka perlu dicantumkan secara eksplisitperan serta masyarakat dalam perubahan UUD RI yang akan datang. Dengandemikian, akan terlaksananya jaminan pelaksanaan perubahan UUD RI denganmelibatkan peran serta masyarakat secara maksimal.

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ABSTRACTHow amendment process of UUD 1945 is made as well as what it says asthe democratic constitution of UUD 1945 is which that process was needed publicparticipation in the amendment procedure. I will examine two main problems,how is public participation regulated in constitution amendment process inIndonesia and how is public participation in constitution amendment process ofUUD 1945 to create a democratic constitution. This research is a kind of doctrinallegal research with qualitative design, using several approaches includinghystorical and comparative approach. The result of this research showed that inregulations of constitution amendment of UUD , they were not explicit norm ofpublic participation. Public participation in constitution amendment procedure ofUUD 1945 in first until fourth amendment process, public participationparticipated in two phases only, they were prae constitution amendment phase ofUUD 1945 and constitution amendment phase of UUD 1945. Post constitutionamendment phase of UUD 1945 was not participatin public participation in thatconstitution amendment process. Hences, it is so important to put eksplisit publicparticipation article in the next constitution amendment of UUD RI. This way isexpected to guarantee participating public participation in that constitutionamendment process of UUD."

"Tesis ini merupakan sebuah studi komparatif terhadap pengaturan Jabatan dan Kode Etik Notaris di Indonesia dan Jepang. Keduanya merupakan Lantijnse Notariat yang terhimpun dalam International Union of Latin Notaries (UINL). Dalam menjalankan tugasnya, Notaris berpedoman pada Undang-Undang Jabatan dan Kode Etik Notaris. Melalui pendekatan komparatif, tesis ini membandingkan aturan hukum tentang Jabatan Notaris yang berlaku di Indonesia dan Jepang, serta membandingkan pengaturan Kode Etik Notaris yang dikeluarkan oleh UINL sebagai perhimpunan Notaris Internasional, Ikatan Notaris Indonesia (I.N.I) sebagai organisasi Notaris Indonesia, dan Japan National Notary Association (JNNA) sebagai Organisasi Notaris Jepang.

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This thesis draws up a comparison study between the regulation and Ethics Code of Notaries in Indonesia and Japan. Both are recognized as Latijnse Notariat and listed as the members of International Union of Latin Notaries (UINL). Notary in their work complies with the Notary Law and Notary Ethics Code. By using comparative approach, this thesis compares the regulation concerning Notary in Indonesia and Japan, also compares the Ethics Codes which are drown up by UINL as the International Notary Union, Ikatan Notaris Indoneisa (I.N.I) as the Notary organization in Indonesia, and Japan National Notary Association (JNNA) as the Notary organization in Japan."

"Pengaturan mengenai pemilihan kembali re-election jabatan presiden diatur di dalam konstitusi berbagai negara, khususnya negara-negara yang menganut sistem pemerintahan presidensial. Dalam sistem pemerintahan presidensial, presiden memiliki kekuasaan yang besar dan ekstensif, sehingga pengaturan mengenai re-election dijadikan instrumen untuk mengontrol kekuasaan lembaga eksekutif. Di Indonesia, pengaturan mengenai pembatasan masa jabatan presiden diatur dalam Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Dasar UUD 1945 setelah perubahan. Melalui pendekatan historis dan komparatif, penelitian berbentuk yuridis-normatif ini dilakukan untuk mencari sinkornisasi peraturan terkait metode pemilihan kembali jabatan presiden di Indonesia, serta penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari metode pemilihan kembali jabatan presiden yang tepat untuk Indonesia. Perumus Pasal pembatasan masa jabatan presiden di UUD 1945 menghendaki seseorang hanya dua kali dapat dipilih baik secara beruturut-turut, maupun tidak immediate reelection. Berdasarkan alasan menjaga hubungan antara presiden dan rakyat, pencegahan adanya akumulasi kekuasaan dan pendorong adanya regenerasi pejabat publik ndash; yaitu dalam hal ini Presiden Republik Indonesia, metode immediate reelection merupakan metode pemilihan kembali jabatan presiden yang tepat untuk Indonesia. Walau begitu, beberapa komponen dari pengaturan pemilihan kembali jabatan presiden di Indonesia masih memiliki kekurangan, yaitu tidak sesuai dengan materi muatannya. Pengaturan di UU Pemilihan Umum Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 terkait kapan seseorang yang menggantikan jabatan presiden secara permanen dihitung telah menjabat selama satu periode masih sebatas penjelasan dalam norma Pasal 169 huruf n, dan pengaturannya belum menggunakan asas proporsional. Pengubahan UUD untuk membuat pengaturan yang lebih rinci dan jelas terkait pembatasan masa jabatan presiden diperlukan agar tercapai esensi dari pengimplementasian sistem pemerintahan presidensial di Indonesia.

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The regulation of presidency re election is governed in the constitutions of various countries, especially those that embrace presidential government systems. In a presidential system of government, the president has great and extensive powers, so the arrangement of re election is used as an instrument to control the power of the executive. In Indonesia, the regulation on the limitation of the term in office of the president is stipulated in Article 7 of the Amendment of 1945 Constitution. Through historical and comparative approach, this juridical normative research is conducted to find the synchronization of regulation related to the method of presidency re election in Indonesia, and this research is done to find the appropriate method of presidency re election for Indonesia. The framers of Article 7 concerning limitation of president tenure in office in the Amendment of 1945 Constitution requires a person to maximumly be elected twice either consecutively or not immediate reelection.

Based on the reasons to maintain the relationship between the president and the people, to prevent the accumulation of power, and to encourage the regeneration of public officials in this case the President of the Republic of Indonesia, the immediate reelection method is the appropriate method of presidency re election for Indonesia. However, some components of the provisions of presidency re election in Indonesia still have shortcomings, which are not in accordance with the material content. The regulation in the Law of the General Election No. 7 of 2017 concerning when a person who replaces the presidency permanently counted has held office for one period is still stipulated in the explanation of the norm of Article 169 letter n, and the arrangement does not use the proportional principle. It is expected that Indonesia has a more detail and clear arrangements in the constitution related to the limitation of presidential term in order to achieve the essence of the implementation of presidential government system in Indonesia. "

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai tarik ulur antara sistem pemerintahan presidensial dan parlementer dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia masa Orde Baru dan pascaamandemen UUD 1945 ditinjau dari hubungan antara eksekutif dengan legislatif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, yang mengolah data dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, UUD 1945 ataupun UUD NRI 1945 sama-sama belum memberikan gambaran yang utuh mengenai sistem pemerintahan yang dianut oleh Indonesia sehingga menimbulkan tarik ulur antara sistem pemerintahan presidensial dan parlementer, khususnya dalam masa Orde Baru dan pascaamandemen UUD 1945. Namun, sudah terdapat perbaikan dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia, yang mengandung karakteristik sistem pemerintahan yang sesuai untuk diterapkan di Indonesia saat ini.

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ABSTRACTThe thesis discusses the trade-off between presidential and parliamentary governmental system in constitutional system of Indonesia that had been applied in New Order Era and post-amendment of the 1945 Constitution, which is reviewed in terms of the relationship between executive and legislative. This research is a normative law research, which uses qualitative approach in its data processing. According to the result of research, both UUD 1945 and UUD NRI 1945 have not yet provided a complete picture of governmental system of Indonesia, therefore, it has been creating a trade-off between presidential and parliamentary governmental system, especially in New Order Era and post-amendment of the 1945 Constitution. However, there are some particular improvements in constitutional system of Indonesia that encompasses characteristic of governmental system, which could be suitably applied in recent times."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas shelf registration sebagai cara alternatif untuk melakukan penawaran umum saham. Beberapa penelitian empiris menunjukkan shelf registration dapat mengurangi biaya kepatuhan terhadap peraturan penawaran umum saham dan biaya modal. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana aspek hukum praktek shelf registration di Amerika Serikat dan Jepang serta apakah peraturan tentang Penawaran Umum Berlanjut Obligasi atau Sukuk (Peraturan Bapepam No. IX.A.15) di Indonesia cukup mengakomodasi penerapan metode shelf registration saham ataukah Otoritas Jasa Keuangan perlu membuat regulasi baru. Penelitian yuridis normatif ini mengunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan perbandingan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis berpendapat bahwa metode shelf registration perlu diterapkan di pasar modal Indonesia untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan fleksibilitas dalam rangka pelaksanaan penawaran umum yang dilakukan Emiten. Penulis juga merekomendasikan bagaimana ketentuan mekanisme shelf registration saham yang seharusnya.

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ABSTRACT

This undergraduate thesis discusses shelf registration as an alternative method for stock offering. Several empirical studies indicated shelf registration can reduce compilance cost and capital cost. The purpose of this study is to understand the law aspect of United States' and Japan's shelf registration practice and whether existing regulation about Continuous Offering of Bond or Sukuk (Bapepam Rule IX.A.15) in Indonesia is sufficient to accommodate shelf offering of stock or Financial Service Authority need to make a brand new regulation. This juridical normative study use statutory approach and comparative approach. Based on study result, researcher suggest that shelf registration method should be implemented in Indonesian capital market to gain greater efficiency and flexibility in issuer's public offering. Researcher also suggest how the regulation of shelf registration mechanism of stock should be."