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"lake towuti is a tectonic-oligotrophic (A=56000 ha) located in malili complex, south sulawesi and has been designated as a recreation park. this lake is one of the ancient lakes in sulawesi. there are 29 fish species from 13 families in lake towuti, 19 species are endemic. all of the andemic fishes are recently utilized by people around the lake for consumption (fresh fish, dry fish and salty fish). on the other side the fast growth of fishing activities especially used a dipnet ("bagan") namely instrument unfriendly environmenral increases number, in 2007 totaled 19 and in 2009 had reached 30 pieces. an increasing number of dipnet that are operating in the waters of this indicates a threat to fish populations endemic. there are indication that lake towuti has been biologically contaminated. considering potential threats againts endemic ichthyofauna of lake towuti enough redoubted, then information about the ecological parameters already collected should be used to designate and map conservation area zoning endemic ichthyofauna."

"Diosphyros celebica Bakh., also known as Sulawesi ebony, is an endemic to central and northern Sulawesi. Information about pollen dispersal patterns of D. celebica have not been previously investigated. This study was aimed to determine pollination type, percentage of selfing and outcrossing, as well as distance of pollen dispersal of D. celebica. This study was conducted at experimental forest of Universitas Hasanuddin, Maros District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. One hundred and sixty six individuals of D. celebica consisted of adult trees and seedlings were analyzed in this study. Ninety four adult trees were selected to become parent trees. The trees were mapped with GPS coordinates . All samples were genotyped using four SSR markers loci. Parental analysis and determination of pollen dispersal patterns were carried out using Cervus 3.0.3. Results indicated that the evaluated markers were effective for assigning candidate of male parents to all evaluated seedlings. Donated pollens could come from male parents in any directions relative to female parent positions. Pollen dispersal pattern showed outcrossing pollination among different male parents (pollen donated trees). The results indicated that seeds were produced predominatly by outcrossing. Pollen dispersal reached up to 166 m. Pollen related processes were linked through female parents, pollinators availability and ecological environment. Simultaneous use of progeny genotyping, spatially explicit analysis of environmental variables and outcomes of plant–animal interactions, were the key elements for an expanded approach to gene flow analysis considering dispersal via pollen and seeds. Research on pollen dispersal of D. celebica should be carried out in other forest types, such as mixed forest and highland forest."

"Diosphyros celebica Bakh., also known as Sulawesi ebony, is an endemic to central and northern Sulawesi. Information about pollen dispersal patterns of D. celebicahave not been previously investigated. This study was aimed to determine pollination type, percentage ofselfing and outcrossing, as well as distance ofpollen dispersal of D. celebica.This study was conducted at experimental forest of Universitas Hasanuddin, Maros District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. One hundred and sixty six individuals ofD. celebicaconsisted ofadult trees and seedlings were analyzed in this study. Ninety four adult trees were selected to become parent trees. The trees were mapped with GPS coordinates. All samples were genotyped using four SSR markers loci. Parental analysis and determination ofpollen dispersal patterns were carried out using Cervus 3.0.3.Results indicated that the evaluated markers were effective for assigning candidate ofmale parents to all evaluated seedlings. Donated pollens could come from male parents in any directions relative to female parent positions. Pollen dispersal pattern showed outcrossing pollination among different male parents (pollen donated trees). The results indicated that seeds were produced predominatly by outcrossing. Pollen dispersal reached up to 166 m. Pollen related processes were linked through female parents, pollinators availability and ecological environment. Simultaneous use ofprogeny genotyping, spatially explicit analysis ofenvironmental variables and outcomes ofplant–animal interactions were the key elements for an expanded approach to gene flow analysis considering dispersal via pollen and seeds. Research on pollen dispersal of D. celebica should be carried out in other forest types, such as mixed forest and highland forest."

"ABSTRAKJenis penelitian ini adalah etnografi yang berfokus pada aktivitas pemanfaatan ekosistem danau dan bentuk-bentuk kebijakan pengelolaan yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah dan kelembagaan adat. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah studi pustaka, observasi partisipasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Lokasi penelitian meliputi empat wilayah kecamatan yang memiliki wilayah danau terluas yakni Kecamatan Tempe, Kecamatan Sabbang Paru, Kecamatan Tanasitolo Dan kecamatan Belawa. Informan adalah masyarakat sekitar danau, tokoh adat, serta kepala dan staf SKPD yang terkait dengan manajemen danau. Penelitian ini menemukan Danau Tempe menjadi sumber daya milik bersama (common property resources) karena dapat dimanfaatkan dan diakses secara bersama oleh semua orang tanpa batasan yang tegas. Bentuk kebijakan pengelolaan danau dirancang dan dibuat oleh pemerintah dan lembaga adat lokal. Bentuk kongkrit kebijakan pengelolaan danau, dijabarkan dalam peraturan daerah serta dalam bentuk system norma, upacara adat dan pamali-pamali, yang pengawasannya dilakukan oleh pembuat kebijakan, serta masyarakat. Secara de yure, Danau tempe dikelola secara kolaborasi (collaborative management ) antara pemerintah dengan lembaga adat, namun secara de facto, fungsi manajemen kolaborasi tidak optimal sehingga Danau Tempe tampak seperti sumber daya yang bisa diakses oleh siapa saja, tanpa aturan ( open access )

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ABSTRACTThis research is a ethnography type that focused to the activity of lake ecosystem and forms of management policies set by governments and traditional institutions. The data collection technique is literature, participant observation and deep interviews. Research Location covers four regions districts that had the largest lake district area of Tempe, District Sabbangparu, district Tanasitolo and district Belawa. Informants are people around the lake, traditional leaders and also the heads and staff SKPD who related to lake management. This study found that the lake Tempe as be a common property resources (common property resources) because it can be shared and utilized by all people without clear limits. Forms of lake management policy is designed and made by local government and traditional institutions. Concrete forms of lake management policy, spelled out in local legislation as well as in the form of system norms, ceremonies and taboos-taboos, the monitoring carried out by policy makers and the public. In de yure, Tempe Lake managed in collaboration between the government and indigenous institutions (collaborative management), but de facto, collaboration management functions are not optimal so Tempe lake looks like resources that can be accessed by anyone, without rules (open access) "

"Anoa merupakan satwa endemik Sulawesi yang terancam punah karena perburuan liar dan kehilangan habitat. Informasi terkait manajemen reproduksi anoa masih terbatas, sehingga upaya konservasi menjadi terhambat. Penelitian terkait manajemen reproduksi perlu dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan pengembangbiakan anoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung keberhasilan kebuntingan anoa (Bubalus depressicornis C.H. Smith, 1827) melalui kawin alami serta mendeteksi kebuntingan anoa (Bubalus depressicornis C.H. Smith, 1827) melalui perubahan perilaku dan morfologi, pengukuran profil biokimia urine, dan gambaran ultrasonografi transabdominal. Penelitian dilakukan di Anoa Breeding Centre Manado (ABC), Sulawesi Utara. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan pada Juli–Oktober 2017 untuk mengetahui siklus estrus, waktu optimal kawin, dan perilaku kawin anoa, pada Maret–Mei 2019 untuk melakukan verifikasi keberhasilan perkawinan alami anoa selama periode April 2016– Mei 2019, dan Januari–Mei 2019 untuk pengukuran profil biokimia urine. Penelitian menggunakan 2 ekor anoa jantan dan 4 ekor anoa. Faktor pendukung kebuntingan dianalisis menggunakan analisis jalur dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SmartPLS dan analisis diskriminan. Data perubahan perilaku dan morfologi dianalisis menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Data profil biokimia urine dianalisis menggunakan uji T. Data USG transabdominal dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi panjang dan lama estrus di antara individu anoa. Panjang siklus estrus anoa berkisar antara 14–24 hari dengan lama estrus 2–4 hari. Berdasarkan hasil SmartPLS diketahui bahwa faktor eksternal (manajemen dan iklim) dan faktor internal (individu jantan dan individu betina) tidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata terhadap kebuntingan. Berdasarkan analisis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) diketahui bahwa karakteristik utama perubahan perilaku dan morfologi yang menjadi penanda kebuntingan yaitu puting membengkak, ambing susu membengkak, rambut mengilap, bentuk abdomen membesar dan turun, dan frekuensi makan yang meningkat. Peningkatan nilai kadar glukosa dan total protein di dalam urine anoa yang sedang bunting terjadi secara nyata yang nyata USG transabdominal tidak mampu menunjukkan kenampakan vesikel embrionik sebagai tanda awal kebuntingan. USG transabdominal menunjukkan dengan jelas gambaran organ tubuh janin yaitu tulang dada, tulang belakang, kepala, jantung, dan paru-paru pada usia kebuntingan bulan ke-6 atau hari ke-191.

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Anoa is Sulawesi's endemic animal that is endangered due to poaching and habitat loss. Information regarding the management of anoa reproduction is still limited, so conservation efforts are hampered. Research related to reproductive management needs to be done to optimize the breeding of anoa. This study aims to determine the factors supporting the success of anoa pregnancy (Bubalus depressicornis CH Smith, 1827) through natural mating and detecting anoa pregnancy (Bubalus depressicornis CH Smith, 1827) through behavioral and morphological changes, measurement of urine biochemical profile, and transabdominal ultrasonography. The study was conducted at Anoa Breeding Center in Manado (ABC), North Sulawesi. The research data was collected in July- October 2017 to find out the estrous cycle, optimal mating time, and mating behavior, in March-May 2019 to verify the success of anoa natural mating during the April 2016-May 2019 period, and January -May 2019 for urine biochemical profile measurement. The study used 2 male Anoa and 4 Anoa. Pregnancy supporting factors were analyzed using path analysis with the help of SmartPLS software and discriminant analysis. Behavior and morphological change data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The urine biochemical profile data were analyzed using the T-test. Transabdominal ultrasound data was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that there were variations in the length and duration of estrus among individual anoa. The length of estrous anoa cycles ranges from 14-24 days with estrous length of 2-4 days. Based on the results of SmartPLS, it is known that external factors (management and climate) and internal factors (male and female individuals) do not show any real influence on pregnancy. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis, it is known that the main characteristics of behavioral and morphological changes are that pregnancy becomes swollen nipples, swollen udders, shiny hair, enlarged and lowered abdominal shape, and increased frequency of eating. An increase in the value of glucose levels and total protein in the urine of a pregnant anoa occurs significantly that transabdominal ultrasound is not able to show the appearance of embryonic vesicles as an early sign of pregnancy. Transabdominal ultrasound clearly shows a picture of fetal organs, namely the breastbone, spine, head, heart, and lungs at the age of pregnancy in the 6th month or 191st day."

"A total of 2,310 individuals of elasmobranch fishes consisting of 60 species from 13 families were recorded from survey trips in Kalimantan were visited from September 2005 to November 2006....."

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Pinang Jawa (Pinanga javana Blume) merupakan spesies palem endemik Pulau Jawa.  Keberadaan Pinang Jawa diketahui terdistribusi di hutan dataran tinggi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan autekologi Pinang Jawa secara komprehensif.  Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di lereng selatan dan lereng timur Gunung Slamet. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan membuat plot berukuran 10x10 m berjumlah 183 plot.  Analisis data menggunaan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif.  Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menjelaskan perkembangan pertumbuhan Pinang Jawa. Analisis untuk mengetahui pola penyebaran menggunakan perhitungan indeks Morisita.  Asosiasi pertumbuhan Pinang Jawa diketahui dengan perhitungan tabel kontingensi 2x2, uji Chi-square, dan indeks Jaccard. Analisis statistik diterapkan untuk pengujian faktor abiotik yang mempengaruhi kehadiran dan kerapatan Pinang Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stuktur populasi Pinang Jawa didominasi oleh individu dewasa dengan kelas tinggi antara 6,1 – 8,1 m dan kelas diameter 7 – 8,9 cm. Pola penyebaran Pinang Jawa di Gunung Slamet yaitu menyebar berkelompok.  Berdasarkan pengamatan selama penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebaran Pinang Jawa secara alami dilakukan oleh musang hutan dengan banyak ditemukannya kotoran musang hutan yang terdiri atas biji Pinang Jawa.  Pertumbuhan Pinang Jawa diketahui tidak mempunyai asosiasi dengan tumbuhan lain.  Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan dan kerapatan Pinang Jawa dipengaruhi oleh kelerengan, ketebalan seresah, dan kelembaban udara.  Ancaman terhadap habitat Pinang Jawa diklasifikasikan berdasarkan faktor manusia dan alam.

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Pinang Jawa (Pinanga javana Blume) is an endemic palm species in Java. The existence of Pinang Jawa is known to be distributed in highland forests. This study aims to explain the autecology of Pinang Jawa in a comprehensive manner. The location of the study was carried out on the southern slope and the eastern slope of Mount Slamet. The data collection method uses a purposive sampling method by making 10x10 m plots totaling 183 plots. Data analysis uses qualitative and quantitative analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to explain the developmental growth of Pinang Jawa. Analysis to find out the distribution pattern using the Morisita index calculation. The Pinang Jawa growth association is known by the calculation of the 2x2 contingency table, the Chi-square test, and the Jaccard index. Statistical analysis was applied for testing abiotic factors that influence the presence and density of Pinang Jawa. The results showed that the structure of Pinang Jawa population was dominated by high-grade adult individuals between 6.1 - 8.1 m and diameter classes 7 - 8.9 cm. The pattern of the spread of Pinang Jawa on Mt. Slamet is spread in groups. Based on observations during the study showed that the spread of Pinang Jawa was naturally carried out by forest civet with many found civet feces of forest consisting of Pinang Jawa seeds. The growth of Pinang Jawa is known to have no association with other plants. The results of the statistical analysis show that the presence and density of Pinang Jawa is influenced by slope, litter thickness, and air humidity. Threats to Pinang Jawa habitat are classified based on human and natural factors.

 

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"Eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) merupakan tumbuhan air tawar yang berpotensi dijadikan biofilter padatan tersuspensi dalam air. Eceng gondok termasuk tanaman hiperakumulator karena kemampuannya dalam mengakumulasi logam terlarut dalam perairan. Kemampuan tersebut memungkinkan eceng gondok dijadikan sebagai tanaman fitoremediasi. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga kelompok, yaitu eceng gondok sebagai biofilter padatan tersuspensi, penentuan titik jenuh pengikatan padatan tersuspensi oleh akar eceng gondok dan fitoremediasi logam Cu, Cd, Pb, dan Zn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eceng gondok dapat digunakan sebagai biofilter padatan tersuspensi dan agen fitoremediasi Cu, Cd, Pb dan Zn dalam waktu lebih dari 7 hari.

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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a freshwater plant that has potential as bio-filter of suspended solid in the water. Water hyacinth is one of the hyper-accumulator plants because of its ability to accumulate metals dissolved in water. Such capability can be used as phytoremediation plant. The study consisted of three groups, namely water hyacinth as a bio-filter of suspended solid, determining point of saturation binding suspended solid by its roots and phytoremediation of Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn. The results showed that water hyacinth can be used as a bio-filter of suspended solid and phytoremediation agent of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in more than 7 days."