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"The analysis of daily curves of dissolved oxygen in the Garonne, downstream of Toulouse, shows that the river is generally heterotrophic. It appears in contradiction with the fact that the river bed is covered with a thick periphytic biofilm. From the data obtained in-vitro and in-situ, we developed a model to calculate the net production, integrated over the section. This model makes it possible to simulate various environmental situations: variations of the wet cross section, seasons and turbidity. The simulations show that some zones of the section are highly productive. For the majority of the cases, the daily balance photosynthesis/respiration remains less than one. This negative daily balance is equilibrated by the re-aeration rate associated with the turbulent flow of the Garonne. This work shows, however, that the oxygen level in the river is strongly dependent on the total rate of respiration, so that a weak increase (pollution for example) could quickly induce a reduction in the dissolved oxygen"

"The development of methods in measuring the photosynthesis process is now increasingly widespread, especially to get a more efficient method and fast. Photosynthesis efficiency of micro-algae periphytic has been estimated under the influence of light intensity and temperature by using the fluorescence monitoring system. the measurement on a colonized substrate by the saturation pulse method has been conducted using a FMSI(Fluorescence Monitoring Systems,Hansatech). Measurement of the fluorescence parameters was conducted every week on algal periphyton which was cultivated on the articial substrate during for 5 weeks under light and temperature conditions. The results show that fluorecence maximal value (Fm) increase linearly with chlorophyll a concentrations. For 20 derajat C (experiment where the biomass reached higher values),up to 100 mg chlorophyll a.m min 2 the change in Fm is approximately linear. After,the response of Fm is hyperbolic, sugesstting a measure in vivo chlorophyll a flurescence of periphyton in laboratory conditions. The instrument is simple to use, with convenient software control, especially when used in PC mode. "

"The experiment aimed to examine the growth and some physiological parameters of five metal-accumulator weed species in response to mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) treatment. Five weed species (Branchiaria mutica, Cyperus kyllingia, Ipomea aquatica, Mikania micrantha, and Paspalum conjugatum) were grown in water culture using half strength Hoagland’s solution and subjected to Hg(NO3)2 and PB(NO3)2 at 0,  0.25 and 0.5 mM for 3 weeks. The growth, photosynthesis, lipid peroxidation and proline content were observed during the treatments. The result showed that both Hg and Pb decreased growth significantly, but the decrease was far higher in Hg than in Pb treatments. Hg treatment reduced photosynthetic rate dramatically under different photosynthetic photon flux density suggesting that heavy metal Hg until 0.5 mM caused the damage of photosynthetic apparatus almost all species except in I. aquatica. Hg and Pb treatment caused dramatic increase in leaf MDA content, which was associated with the decrease of chlorophyll content significantly. Almost all the species were tolerant to Pb treatment up to 0.5 mM except M. micrantha, while only C. kyllingia and I. aquatica were tolerant to Hg treatment up to 0.5 mM. Only Hg treatment and not Pb that induced higher proline content in the leaves of threated plants without clear pattern of the increment among the species suggesting that proline may have a role as alarm stress rather than tolerant indicator."

"Seed cultivation for true shallot is an alternative for the more common cultivation practice in which 30% of the harvested tubers are used for cultivation purposes. Seed production of this temperate tuber in the tropical region, however, is quite challenging due to its low flowers and seed formation. Several studies have shown that vernalization (cold induction) and application of Benzil Amino Purin (BAP) had improved the flowering and seed production of shallot. However, such studies were conducted during the best cultivation period for about 3 months and thus, limit the production period of seeds during the rainy season. This study was conducted to observe the effect of both methods outside cultivation periods on the flower and capsule numbers, fruit set, and weight of 100 seeds when compared with commonly practiced cultivation during the dry season. The onion bulbs vernalized at 10 oC for 30 days were subjected to synthetic hormone (BAP) prior to planting. The shallot group treated with BAP had the lowest values for all observed parameters, i.e., 1,552.67 number of flowers; 312.11 number of capsules; 22.5% seed set; and 0.2244 g weight of 100 seeds, compared to those in the vernalization treated group, i.e., 1,592.44 number of flowers; 623 number of capsules; 30.5% seed set; 0.2261 g weight of 100 seeds and control group 6,774.67 number of flowers; 3,898.44 number of capsules; 57.06% seed set; 0.3304 g weight of 100 seeds. In conclusion, the commonly practiced cultivation of sowing bulbs directly without vernalization and plant growth regulator treatment is probably the better method to produce shallot seeds during the offseason, the rainy season."

"Salacca sumatrana(Becc.), known locally as the Sidimpuan snakefruit, is one of the specialties prime local commodities of Padang sidimpuan City in Sumatra. The fruit is known for its sweet, sour and astring ent taste which differentiates it from Pondoh and Balinese snake fruits. Recently,the snake fruit farmers have noticed a continuous decrease in production resulting from the failure in its fruit-setting, particularly during the off-season. The use of fertilization and drip irrigation in the off-season had been currently explored as part of the solution. Hence, this research investigates the use of thesemethodsin over coming the fruit setting failure and guaranteeing sub sequent production of Sidimpuan snake fruit all-year round. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the optimal dosage of ammonium sulfate fertilizer and drip irrigation for fruit setting during the off-season. This research used a split-plot design with the main plot for drip irrigation and the subplot for ammonium sulfate. The observed parameters included the number of flower and fruit bunches, fruit set percentage and a nutrient analysis of the leaves.Drip irrigation significantly affected the fruit setting percentage and the number of harvested fruit bunches. The best treatment combination was at 400 g ammonium sulfate fertilizer perplant and drip irrigation of 3,000 mL/plant. The fertilization period in July-September produced an offseason harvest that was comparable to the fruit set percentage(10.76% difference) and number of fruit bunches (25.65% difference) that were observed in the April-June fertilization for the on-season harvest. This indicated that applying ammonium sulfate with drip irrigation could overcome fruit set failure in Sidimpuan snake fruit, particularly, during the off-season."

"In any heterogeneous system, porting reconfigurable computing is often a highperformance platform for a broad range of computationally challenging issues.However, efficiently utilizing the maximum potential of these reconfigurablesystems is a difficult job without understanding their performancecharacteristics. This work proposes an analytic performance model using PetriNets (PN) for a Reconfigurable OR1200 (ROR1200) soft-core processor with modelvalidation and verifications. By modeling the ROR1200 system using Petri Nets,both behavioral and structural properties existing in parallel systems wereanalyzed. The Bound Level Analysis with respect to the dependency level of datais also performed on Soft Core Processors (SCP) like the ROR1200, the OR1200and the MicroBlaze."

"In any heterogeneous system, porting reconfigurable computing is often a high performance platform for a broad range of computationally challenging issues. However, efficiently utilizing the maximum potential of these reconfigurable systems is a difficult job without understanding their performance characteristics. This work proposes an analytic performance model using Petri Nets (PN) for a Reconfigurable OR1200 (ROR1200) soft-core processor with model validation and verifications. By modeling the ROR1200 system using Petri Nets, both behavioral and structural properties existing in parallel systems were analyzed. The Bound Level Analysis with respect to the dependency level of data is also performed on Soft Core Processors (SCP) like the ROR1200, the OR1200 and the MicroBlaze."

"Soil loss and its transport processes were coupled with an existing distributed hydrological modelto assess the effects of land use change on stream flow and suspended sediment load in the ChaoPhraya River basin, Thailand. The simulation period spanned from 2001 to 2010. The resultsindicate that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of upper sub-basins fluctuated in the range 0.51- 0.72,indicating the applicability of the model for longterm simulation at the monthly scale. Land usechange during 200l-2010 caused a 1.6% increase in suspended sediment load based on the presenttrend. The changes were particularly pronounced in the Wang River basin, where the delivery ratiowas highest. Moreover, the urbanization and conversion of farm land from paddy fields exertednegative effects on sediment runoff in Chao Phraya River basin. The proposed model has theability to quantitatively evaluate the heterogeneity of sediment runoff in the basin, demonstratingthe benefits and trade-offs of each land use change class. The results of this study can support basinand local land development policy to control sediment losses during development."

"Mikroplastik merupakan pencemar emerging contaminant yang terdegradasi dari produk plastik tekstil, petroleum, dan peralatan kosmetik dengan ukuran kurang dari 5 mm. Terdapat lebih dari 70.000 pemukiman yang berada di bantaran Sungai Ciliwung di DKI Jakarta yang menggunakan air sungai tersebut sebagai sumber air bersih. Sungai Ciliwung saat ini sudah dapat ditemukan adanya pencemaran mikroplastik yang memberikan dampak adanya paparan terhadap makhluk hidup di sungai. Adapun permasalahannya adalah adanya paparan terhadap 75% ikan kepala timah (Aplocheilus sp.) sebanyak 1,97 partikel per ikan dengan ukuran 300 sampai dengan 500 μm. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis jumlah timbulan dan variabilitas mikroplastik di air dan sedimen Sungai Ciliwung, material komposisi mikroplastik, simulasi fluktuasi pencemaran mikroplastik, dan skenario minimasi mikroplastik pada air Sungai Ciliwung. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengambil sampel air mengikuti SNI dan untuk sampel mikroplastik mengikuti metode NOAA. Prinsip yang digunakan untuk simulasi fluktuasi dan skenario intervensi minimasi adalah kesetimbangan massa. Jika ditinjau dari ketujuh titik yang merepresentasikan Sungai Ciliwung bagian hilir sampai dengan hulu di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, jumlah mikroplastik berada di rentang 320-741 partiklel/L. Untuk bentuk yang mendominasi dapat dianalisis bahwa mayoritas bentuk mikroplastiknya adalah fragmen (97%), diikuti dengan fiber (2.9%) dan pellet (0.1%). Sedangkan pada sedimen, jumlah mikroplastik pada sedimen Sungai Ciliwung berada di rentang 6560-10630 partikel/kg. Pada air saluran drainase, jumlah mikroplastiknya adalah 365-822 partikel/L dengan persentase fragmen sebesari 98% dan fiber 2%. Material penyusun komposisi mikroplastik di air dan sedimen Sungai Ciliwung di antaranya adalah: tencel, PVFM, Polyacetylene, PES, PEI, PEEK, , PVAL, Polivinyl-Pyrrolidone, Polyacrylmide, dan PVB. Pemodelan pencemaran mikroplastik di air Sungai Ciliwung memiliki tingkat akurasi ± 70%. Skenario yang diusulkan untuk meminimasi pencemaran mikroplastik di air Sungai Ciliwung adalah dengan menerapkan revitalisasi Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak (RPTRA) Berbasis Pengolahan Air Limbah Sederhana dengan Menerapkan Sistem Wetland dan Corn Straw and Hardwood Biochar Filter dengan persentase minimasi 49-95%.

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Microplastics are emerging contaminants that are degraded from textile, petroleum and cosmetic plastic products with a size of less than 5 mm. There are more than 70,000 settlements on the banks of the Ciliwung River in DKI Jakarta that use river water as a source of clean water. The Ciliwung River can now be found microplastic pollution which has an impact on exposure to living things in the river. The problem is exposure to 75% of tinhead fish (Aplocheilus sp.) with as many as 1.97 particles per fish with a size of 300 to 500 μm. The purpose of this study was to analyze the amount of generation and variability of microplastics in the water and sediments of the Ciliwung River, the material composition of microplastics, simulations of fluctuations in microplastic pollution, and scenarios for minimizing microplastics in Ciliwung River water. The method used to take water samples follows SNI and for microplastic samples follows the NOAA method. The principle used for the fluctuation simulation and minimization intervention scenario is mass balance. If viewed from the seven points representing the downstream to upstream Ciliwung River in DKI Jakarta Province, the amount of microplastics is in the range of 320-741 particles/L. For the dominating form, it can be analyzed that the majority of microplastic forms are fragments (97%), followed by fiber (2.9%) and pellets (0.1%). Whereas in sediments, the amount of microplastic in Ciliwung River sediments is in the range of 6560-10630 particles/kg. In drainage water, the number of microplastics is 365-822 particles/L with a fragment percentage of 98% and 2% fiber. The materials that make up the composition of microplastics in the water and sediments of the Ciliwung River include: Tencel, PVFM, Polyacetylene, PES, PEI, PEEK, , PVAL, Polivinyl-Pyrrolidone, Polyacrylmide, and PVB. Modeling microplastic pollution in Ciliwung River water has an accuracy rate of ± 70%. The proposed scenario to minimize microplastic pollution in Ciliwung River water is to implement a revitalization of Child-Friendly Integrated Public Spaces (RPTRA) Based on Simple Wastewater Treatment by Implementing a Wetland System and Corn Straw and Hardwood Biochar Filter with a minimum percentage of 49-95%."