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"Oral hygiene determines by food debris, plague, calculus, material alba, and stain at surface of tooth. The main cause of gingivitis is plague, with following anomaly periodontal. The purpose of this study is to know the correlation of oral hygiene and gingivitis of class V (five) elementary school students in Kabupaten Jember. Method cross sectional was use in this study, and sample was taken by Stratified Random Sampling. Material and tools uses in this study are mouth glass, sonde, pincer, probe periodontal, sterile cotton, and alcohol 70%. The respondents examined and write OHI-S status and GI status. The result indicated that OHI-S status was relation with becomes gingivitis. Student with bad OHI-S status will become gingivitis (100%). This data waas test by Chi square (X2), and indicated that there is correlation between oral hygiene and gingivitis (p = 0,000)."

"The pattern-eating snack at schoolchild habit needed specially attention for his parent's or teacher's. This habit is not good enough for nutrient and hygiene. A food or a drink contains sucrose more like by schoolchild. The purpose of this study is to know the correlation of Eating snack at schoolchild habit and caries of five elementary school students in Kabupaten Jember. Method cross sectional was use in this study, and sample was taken by Stratified Random Sampling. Material and tools uses in this study are mouth glass, sonde, pincer, probe periodontal, sterile cotton, and alcohol 70%. The respondents examined and write DMF-t status, and they answered the questioner for to known eating snack at schoolchild habit. The result data was test by Analyst Of Variance (ANOVA), and indicated that there is correlation between eating snack at schoolchild habit and caries (p<0.01)."

"Dental caries in an endemic disease that is suffered by lots of children. In Indonesia, dental caries has become a public disease where its prevalence tendency keeps on increasing. According to house-keeping health survey 1995 in Bali, 54.40% of the population were disturbed and could not work or go to school because of tooth pain.The aim of this survey is to know the dental caries status of elementary school children in Buleleng Bali. This descriptive survey has been done to a sample with an amount of 2446 children from 26 elementary schools at 4 districts in Buleleng regency, which has a geographic situation of hills, mountains and a beach area. The technique of taking samples incidentally, when students were going their study services activity. Calibration among surveyors had been done before the survey to minimize mistakes. The result showed caries prevalence is 88.35%. DMF-T average 3.52 with Required Treatment Index: 65.53% and Performed Treatment Index: 1.52%. Dental caries prevalence to the boys are found to be more than girls."

"Indonesian are having oral health disease which relate with oral hygiene. Most of oral health diseases are dental caries and periodontal disease. Dental crowding is one type of dental malocclusion that cause those diseases. On the other hand, behaviour has an important role to influence oral health status. The aim of this study to get information about the relation between behaviour and oral hygiene of school children with dental crowding in DKI Jakarta. This study has been done on 277 fourth to sixth grade elementary school children from 5 district at DKI Jakarta. This observasional study has been done by chi-square test. The result has shown that there is no relation between behaviour to oral hygiene of dental crowding school children (p=0,93)."

"This analytical epidemiological survey was aimed to investigate the correlation between oral hygiene and the onset of an infectious, necrotic, ulcerative disease called acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG). The study involved 319 elementary school children consisting of 163 (52%) male and 156 (48) female pupils from Kecamatan Pacet, Cianjur, West Jawa. Samples were chosen by stratified simple random sampling. The obtained data were analyzed with Bivariant Test (Chi2Ttest), and the results showed a quite high prevalence of ANUG, about 15.3% in total and consisting of 9% male and 6.3% female subjects. The correlation between oral hygiene and the onset of ANUG was found to be significant (p<0.05). It was concluded that oral hygiene has an important contribution to the onset of ANUG."

"Sejak PELITA III, perihal penyakit gigi dan mulut tercantum sebagai masalah kesehatan nasional yang perlu ditangani secara intensif karena prevalensi penyakit gigi dan jaringan penyangga gigi pada anak-anak usia sekolah (7-14 tahun) dan orang dewasa di Indonesia mencapai 80% dari jumlah penduduk.Untuk mengatasinya diperlukan upaya peningkatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan meninjau berbagai aspek antara lain aspek lingkungan yang meliputi faktor sosial ekonomi, sosial budaya serta kesadaran dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut.Pencegahan penyakit gigi dan mulut anak-anak sebaiknya dilakukan sedini mungkin, yaitu sejak gigi sulung mulai tumbuh karena kerusakaan gigi merupakan proses patologis yang bersifat irreversible. Bila kerusakan gigi dibiarkan berlanjut akan berakibat tidak baik bagi pertumbuhan gigi tetapnya, antara lain kerusakan pada benih gigi tetap akibat infeksi gigi sulung yang berlanjut dan tumbuhnya gigi tetap yang kurang teratur.Sampai saat ini di Indonesia belum ada indikator prevalensi karies gigi sulung maupun kebersihan mulut anakanak. Di samping itu penelitian di Indonesia mengenai hal tersebut di atas masih sangat sedikit.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menambah informasi tentang prevalensi karies gigi sulung dan tingkat kebersihan mulut anak-anak serta pengaruh faktor sosial ekonomi terhadap penyakit karies gigi dan kebersihan mulut anak-anak usia prasekolah yang ditinjau dari faktor pendapatan keluarga pendidikan ibu, status kerja ibu dan perilaku ibu yang berhubungan dengankesehatan gigi dan mulut anaknya.Penelitian dilakukan dalam lingkup kecil yaitu pada anak-anak di Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) Putra sebanyak 7 buah di Wilayah Jabotabek yang dikelola oleh Yayasan pendidikan Putra di lingkungan Departemen Pekerjaan Umum.Metoda penelitian yang digunakan adalah survai diskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sejumlah 165 sampel diambil secara acak proporsional dan acak sederhana. Cara pengambilan data melalui pemeriksaan gigi dan mulut langsung pada anak-anak dan wawancara dengan ibu anak-anak tersebut.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi karies gigi anak-anak TK Putra cukup tinggi (90,97) dengan rata-rata def-t 7,5 dan indeks kebersihan mulut rata-rata sedang (0,97). Hasil penelitian tersebut menyatakan adanya pengaruh faktor sosial ekonomi dan kebersihan mulut terhadap karies gigi walaupun dalam korelasi yang lemah. Dari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tersebut ternyata kebersihan mulut merupakan faktor yang mendominasi faktor lainnya.Untuk mencegah risiko terjadinya karies gigi sulung perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan kebersihan mulut, peningkatan pengetahuan serta kesadaran para orang tua anakanak TK Putra akan pentingnya pencegahan penyakit karies gigi sedini mungki, yaitu melalui penyuluhan dan pemeriksaan secara teratur yang dilaksanakan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang terlatih dari lingkungan Departetnen PU serta melakukan perawatan secara singkat dan sederhana bagi anak-anak yang telah menderita karies gigi."

"ABSTRAKPenyakit gigi dan mulut adalah penyakit yang terdapat secara luas pada masyarakat, baik pada anak-anak maupun orang dewasa, karena dapat terjadi pada gigi susu maupun gigi tetap. Kesehatan gigi dan mulut merupakan bagian integral dari kesehatan umum, yang penting dalam fungsi pengunyahan, bicara dan kecantikan.Dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan maka perlu ditanamkan kebiasaan hidup sehat sejak dini yang dimulai dalam lingkungan keluarga dan disekolah. Pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada murid sekolah yang disebut Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah (UKGS) mempunyai tujuan agar tercapai derajat kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang optimal.Hasil penelitian Study Evaluasi Program UKGS di wilayah DKI Jakarta pada tahun 1988, menunjukkan prevalensi karies gigi 86,71 % dengan DMF-T rata-rata 2,98 dan tahun pada tahun 1996 meningkat menjadi 93,72 % dan DMF-T menurun menjadi 2,66. Performed Tratment Index (PTI) adalah 9,06 % pada tahun1988 dan menurun menjadi 6,39 % pada tahun 1996.Melihat keadaan tersebut dan mengingat indikator derajat kesehatan gigi mulut pada tahun 2000 adalah DMF-T rata-rata < 3 dan PTI > 50 % serta kebersihan mulut termasuk kriteria baik, untuk umur 12 tahun, maka perlu diadakan suatu penelitian untuk memperoleh informasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan belum tercapinya PTI pada murid SD yang telah menerima pelayanan Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah Tahap III.Peneltian menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian pada 6 SD di Kecamatan Palmerah dan 4 SD di Kecamatan Tambora. Sampel yang diteliti adalah murid kelas 6 yang telah memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, dimana samplediambil secara multistage cluster random sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 426 murid. Juga dilakukan wawancara dengan guru UKS dan pelaksana UKGS yang bertugas pada SD terpilih, dimana jumlahnya masing-masing 10 orang. Wawancara pada murid dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data, faktor demografi, pengetahuan, perilaku pelihara diri dalam bidang kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan gigi . Wawancara dengan guru UKS untuk memperoleh data mengenai peran serta guru dalam kegiatan UKGS sedangkan wawancara dengan tenaga kesehatan gigi untuk memperoleh pelaksanaan kegiatan UKGS di lapangan. Data diolah secara statistik, mulai analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistik mutipel dengan program stata.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan prevalensi karies pada murid kelas 6 adalah 82,9 % dengan DMF-T rata-rata 3,04 dan PTI murid adalah 6 %. Hasil model akhir menunjukkan bahwa PTI murid dipengaruhi oleh : pendidikan ibu, kebersihan mulut murid, jenis kegiatan dan tindakan kuratif yang dilaksanakan tenaga kesehatan gigi serta adanya interaksi pendidikan ibu dan jenis tindakan kuratifKesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah selain pendidikan ibu murid mempunyai peranan yang besar dalam perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Tenaga kesehatan gigi dalam menjalankan kegiatannya kurang melibatkan guru UKS dan orang tua murid. Pada penelitian ini kurang terlihat peranan guru UKS dalam kegiatan UKGS.Disarankan bagi tenaga kesehatan gigi agar dalam melaksanakan kegiatan UKGS, selain guru kelas, hendaknya melibatkan guru UKS dan guru kelas 1 dan 2, karena materi kesehatan gigi dan mulut diberikan pada saat murid duduk di kelas 1 dan 2. Juga sangat diperlukan memberikan penjelasan pada orang tua murid secara langsung atau paling tidak pada POMG, sehingga dimengerti manfaat dari program. Untuk meningkatkan PTI, bagi murid yang takut perawatan gigi dengan bur. dapat digunakan bahan tumpatan Atrarrmatic Restorative Treatment.Daftar Pustaka : 46 ( 1962 - 1998 )

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ABSTRACT

Oral and dental diseases are widely spread community diseases which are found in both children and adults since they affect deciduous as well as permanent teeth. Oral Health constitutes an integral part of health in general with important aspects in relation with the mastication, speech and esthetic functions.

In order to enhance the quality of health, healthful living styles should be instituted as early as possible in life, starting within the family and school environments. The objective of oral health care services for schoolchildren, or School Oral Health Services ( SONS ), is the achievement of an optimal degree of oral and dental health.

The School Oral Health Service Evaluation Study Program in the Jakarta Special Area in 1988 showed a dental caries prevalence of 86.71% with an average DMFT of 2.98; the prevalence figure rose to 93,72 in 1996 while for that same year the average DMFT decreased to 2,66. Performed Treatment Index ( PTI) decreased from 9.06% in 1988 to 6.39% in 1996.

In view of these developments and the established dental health indicators for 2000 which comprise among others an average DMFT not exceeding 3,0, a PTI of at least 50% and a "satisfactory" degree of oral hygiene for the 12-year age group, a study to obtain further information on the factor relating to the failure to achieve an acceptable PTI level for schoolchildren with degree III SOHS in Jakarta was undertaken.

The study is of cross-sectional design. It involves six primary schools in the Palmerah and four primary school in the Tambora subdistricts. The sample studied are sixth graders who have received oral health care; the sample was taken through multistage cluster random sampling amounting to a total of 426 children. Also caned out were interviews with schoolteachers responsible for school health services and operators of SOHS, with a total of 10 persons at each target school. The objective of the interviews with the children was the collection of data on demography and knowledge and self care practices in dental health.

The children received dental examinations. Interview with the school health teachers was to acquire data on the participation and role of teachers in SOHS, while information on the implementation of SOHS was the goal of the interview with the dental health stag The data obtained was statistically processed, from univariat to bivariat and multivariat analysis with multiple logistic regression and strata program.

The results show a caries prevalence of 82,9% with and average DMFT of 3,04 and a PTI of 6%. The latest model indicates that PTI in schoolchildren is influenced by their mother's level of education, the children's state of oral hygiene, types of activities and curative care provided by the dental personnel and the existence of interaction between the level of the education of the mother and type of curative care rendered.

he conclusions reached in this study are that apart from the prominent role of the level of education of the children's mothers in maintaining oral health care, school health teachers and parents have not been adequately involved in SOHS activities. The role of the school health teacher in SOHS is in this study not too apparent.

It is recommended that beside the classroom teachers involved, the dental health staff also need to actively participate the school health teachers and the this and second grade teachers, since the school curriculum already provides dental health information material for first and second graders. It is also essential that information be disseminated directly to parents or in parent-teacher-association meetings to permit better understanding of the school dental program. To help increase the PTI figure, schoolchildren unwilling to be treated with dental burs should be provided treatment according to the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment ( ART) method.

Reading : 46 (1962 - 1998)"

"Kontaminasi Escherichia coli pada makanan jajanan anak sekolah dapat meningkatkan risiko anak terkena diare. Depok merupakan salah satu kota dengan kasus diare yang tinggi dan berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan Sofiana (2012), sebanyak 33% makanan jajanan anak sekolah dasar di salah satu kecamatan di Depok dilaporkan terkontaminasi oleh Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara Escherichia coli dalam makanan jajanan dengan kejadian diare akut pada anak sekolah dasar di Kelurahan Pancoran Mas Depok Tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi cross sectional dengan analisis bivariat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keberadaan Escherichia coli dalam makanan jajanan dengan diare akut (p=0,021 OR=3,323). Jenis makanan jajanan juga berhubungan signifikan dengan diare akut (p=0,000 OR=7,031). Sedangkan frekuensi jajan, kebiasaan cuci tangan, dan sarana pembuangan sampah tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian diare akut. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah keberadaan Escherichia coli dalam makanan jajanan berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian diare akut pada anak sekolah dasar di Kelurahan Pancoran Mas Depok.

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Snack contaminated with Escherichia coli can increase the risk of children with diarrhea. Research performed in Depok district in 2012 showed 33% of snacks in elementary school was contaminated by Escherichia coli. This study aimed to test association of Eschericia coli in snacks with elementary school’s students acute diarrhea in Pancoran Mas Depok Sub-District. This study implemented cross sectional design with bivariate analyzis. The information collected by methods of interview, observation, and laboratory analyzis of snack samples.

Result of this study showed that Escherichia coli in snack (p=0,021 OR=3,323) and types of snacks (p=0,000 OR=7,031) had association with elementary school’s students acute diarrhea. Whereas, frequency snacking, hand washing behavior, and rubbish disposal have not association with elementary school’s students acute diarrhea. This study concluded that snack contaminated with Escherichia coli has an association with elementary high school’s student acute diarrhea."

"Tenaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut, merupakan salah satu sumber daya yang mendukung dan menentukan keberhasilan layanan kesehatan. Pendidikan tenaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut dilakukan agar kualitas layanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut secara terus menerus meningkat, sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Pendidikan Sekolah Pengatur Rawat Gigi, merupakan lembaga yang besar peranannya dalam meningkatkan kualitas layanan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kualitas layanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, dan hubungan antara karakteristik siswa yang terdiri dari pengetahuan, sikap terhadap profesi dan keterampilan pre-klinik siswa dengan kualitas layanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut Selain itu penelitian ini untuk melihat bagaimana faktor Pendidikan orang tua/wali siswa dan pengalaman praktek klinik siswa mempengaruhi hubungan karakteristik siswa dengan kualitas layanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder, kuesioner dan pengamatan. Jumlah siswa yang melakukan praktek di klinik Sekolah Pengatur Rawat Gigi Tanjungkarang yang menjadi subjek penelitian ini ada 67 orang. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif, menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah : Ada hubungan positip antara pengetahuan, sikap terhadap profesi perawat gigi dan keterampilan praktikum pre-klinik siswa dengan kualitas layanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Hubungan positip ini semakin lemah dengan semakin tingginya pendidikan orang tua siswa dan semakin lamanya pengalaman praktek klinik siswa.Hasil penelitian membuktikan adanya hubungan positip antara pengetahuan, sikap terhadap profesi perawat gigi dan keterampilan praktikum pre-klinik siswa dengan kualitas layanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Dari hasil uji chi-square dengan tingkat kemaknaan a. = 0.05, didapatkan nilai p = 0.02568 untuk variabel pengetahuan,.p = 0.02273 untuk variabel sikap terhadap profesi, dan p = 0.00000. untuk variabel keterampilan pre-klinik. Analisis stratifikasi dengan variabel pendidikan orang tua siswa dan pengalaman praktek klinik siswa sebagai kontrol, menunjukkan keeratan hubungan positip antara pengetahuan, keterampilan praktikum pre-klinik dengan kualitas layanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut semakin lemah dengan semakin tingginya pendidikan orang tua dan semakin lamanya pengalaman praktek klinik siswa Sedangkan keeratan hubungan positip sikap terhadap profesi perawat gigi dengan kualitas layanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut semakin kuat dengan semakin tingginya pendidikan orang tua siswa, dan semakin lemah dengan semakin lamanya pengalaman praktek klinik siswa.

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The teeth and mouth health personnel is one the human resource which support and important for success of the health service. Education of the mouth and teeth health personnel is intended to increase the continuity of the teeth and mouth health service according to the development of science and technology. The school of teeth maintenance is an institution which has an important role in increasing the quality of service.

This research is intended to obtain description of the teeth and mouth health service quality and its relationship with the student?s characteristics which consist of knowledge, attitudes toward the profession and the student?s pre-clinic skill with the teeth and mouth health service quality. Besides, this research is to study how the students' parents education and the students clinic experience influence the relationship of the teeth and mouth health service quality. This research use primary, secondary data, questioner and observation.

The number of students practice in the clinic of Tanjungkarang School of Teeth Maintenance which is the subject of this research is 67. This research is a quantitative one using a descriptive analytic methods with a cross sectional approach. The hypothesis is that there is a positive relationship between knowledge, attitudes toward the teeth and mouth health profession and the students pre-clinic practice skill with the teeth and mouth health service quality. The weaker the positive relationship, the higher the students' parent education and the longer the student clinic practice experience.

This research proved a positive relationship between knowledge, attitudes toward the teeth and mouth health profession and the students pre-clinic practice skill with the quality of teeth and mouth service. According to the chi-square test with a significance level a.= 0.05, p = 0.02568 for knowledge variable, p 0.02273 for the variable of attitudes toward the profession, p = 0.00000 for the pre-clinic skill variable. The stratification analysis with the students' parents education variable and the students' clinic practice experience as a control indicates that the closeness of positive relationship between knowledge, pre-clinic practice skill with the quality of teeth and mouth service. The relationship is weaker with the higher the education of the parents and the longer the students' clinic practice experience. While the closeness of the positive relationship of the attitudes toward the teeth and mouth health profession with the service quality of the teeth and mouth is stronger with a higher the education of the students' parents, and the weaker with the longer the students clinic practice experience."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan untuk menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam pada siswa-siswi kelas 5 di SDN 04 Ciangsana Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain non eksperimental, data dikumpulkan secara Cross Sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 74 siswa kelas 5 SDN 04 Ciangsana. Dari hasil pengolahan data, terdapat satu faktor yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan menyikat gigi sebelum tidur, yaitu ketersediaan fasilitas untuk menyikat gigi dengan p value 0.000. Diharapkan pihak sekolah, Puskesmas, dan Dinas terkait UKS dapat terus melaksanakan program-program kesehatan gigi dan mulut bagi siswa sekolah dasar.

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This research discusses factors associated with students’ compliance of night tooth-brushing in the 5th grade students of Primary School 04 Ciangsana, district of Bogor 2012. Using quantitative approach and non-experimental design, this research collects data with Cross Sectional method. The sample of this research are 74 5th grade students of Primary School 04 Ciangsana. The results of data processing was, only one variable that had significant connection with the compliance of night tooth-brushing that was the availability of tooth-brushing facilities. It is expected that the school, Health Centre, and UKS-related agencies could continue to execute the oral health programs in primary schools schools."