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"In some cases, either dentist or patient complains about the appearance of anterior composite restoration. This problem caused by the wrong shading concept in handling variety of available composite systems. layering concept performs to overcome this problem by helping the clinician to understand the correct shading concept. This paper reports some cases in which need anterior composite restoration and restored according to layering concept. The conclusion of these three cases are that understanding the optical characteristic of dental composite and using the same composite system is important to achieve the esthetic goal."

"prosthodontics management of post hemimaxillectomy patient were different company to the principle parameters conventional. Treatment planning and design of definitive prostheses of the maxillofacial case need a carefull examination so that it can anticipate and accommodate the prostheses movement during function so that it wouldn't give pathological stress on the teeth. The restoration on every maxillary defect will increase significantly if the teeth were present. The maintenance of the residual teeth will give better support to increase retention and stabilization of the prostheses so that the patient will feel comfortable, has an esthetical and psychological effect. This paper describe a case report were splinting of three anterior teeth adjacent to the defect with a multiple crown restoration, to protect these abutment teeth."

"The use of resin composites as posterior restoratives has markedly increased over the past decade. The patients demand for better esthetics, concerns related to possible mercury toxicity from amalgam and improvements in resin composite materials have significantly contributed the popularity of these materials. Early problems related to composites included excessive wear, less of anatomic form, post operative sensitivity, secondary caries and marginal leakage. Marginal adaptation still remains an unavoidable problem for composite restoration, especially at the gingival wall of cervical or Class II restoration. In an attempt to improve marginal sealing, many techniques and lining materials have been designed. To reduce stress generated by polymerization shrinkage, applying and curing of resin composites in layers is often recommended. Using a thick adhesive layer or a low-viscosity resin may, due to its elastic properties, serve as a flexible intermediate layer and compensate for the polymerization stress created in resin composite. Flowable composites were created by retaining the same small practicle size of traditional hybrid composite but reducing the filler content and allowing the increased resin to reduce the viscosity of the mixture. Flowable composites were introduced in 1996 as liners, fissure sealants and also in tunnel preparations. They have been suggested for Class I, II, III and V cavity restorations, preventive resin restorations and composite, porcelain and amalgam repairing. Their usage as a liner under high filled resins in posterior restorations has been shown to improve the adaptation of composites and effectively achieve clinically acceptable results. This article attempts to give a broad characteristics of different types of flowable composites. "

"ABSTRACTLatar Belakang: Jumlah penduduk lansia di kota Depok terus mengalami peningkatan. Lansia memiliki kerentanan terhadap penyakit sistemik maupun gigi dan mulut yang saling berhubungan, salah satunya perubahan kualitas dan kuantitas saliva. Namun, belum ada penelitian dengan subjek lansia mengenai profil saliva yang dilakukan di kota Depok. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil saliva antar jenis kelamin, kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik, medikasi dan persepsi serostomia pada lansia di kota Depok. Metode: Studi analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada subjek berusia ge; 60 tahun yang berdomisili di Depok. Subjek diperiksa volume saliva tanpa stimulasi, terstimulasi, derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar. Subjek menjawab kuesioner Fox mengenai serostomia dan kuesioner tentang penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney-U, Kruskal Wallis dan korelasi Spearman ?=5 . Hasil: Jenis kelamin memiliki hubungan dengan laju alir saliva, tetapi derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar tidak. Tidak terdapat perbedaan profil saliva antar kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Koefisien korelasi antara serostomia dengan laju alir terstimulasi lebik kuat 0,426 dibanding tanpa stimulasi 0,303 . Kesimpulan: Laju alir saliva memiliki perbedaan bermakna antara laki-laki dan perempuan, tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna antar kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar tidak berbeda bermakna antar jenis kelamin, kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Persepsi serostomia berhubungan dengan laju alir saliva.

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ABSTRACTLatar Belakang Jumlah penduduk lansia di kota Depok terus mengalami peningkatan. Lansia memiliki kerentanan terhadap penyakit sistemik maupun gigi dan mulut yang saling berhubungan, salah satunya perubahan kualitas dan kuantitas saliva. Namun, belum ada penelitian dengan subjek lansia mengenai profil saliva yang dilakukan di kota Depok. Tujuan Mengetahui profil saliva antar jenis kelamin, kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik, medikasi dan persepsi serostomia pada lansia di kota Depok. Metode Studi analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada subjek berusia ge 60 tahun yang berdomisili di Depok. Subjek diperiksa volume saliva tanpa stimulasi, terstimulasi, derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar. Subjek menjawab kuesioner Fox mengenai serostomia dan kuesioner tentang penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis dan korelasi Spearman 5 . Hasil Jenis kelamin memiliki hubungan dengan laju alir saliva, tetapi tidak pada pada derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar. Tidak terdapat perbedaan profil saliva antar jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi yang dikonsumsi subjek. Koefisien korelasi antara serostomia dengan laju alir terstimulasi lebik kuat 0,426 dibanding laju alir tanpa stimulasi 0,303 . Kesimpulan Laju alir tanpa stimulasi dan terstimulasi, memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna antara laki laki dan perempuan, tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna antar kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar tidak berbeda bermakna antar jenis kelamin, kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Persepsi serostomia berhubungan dengan laju alir saliva. "

"Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of coffee beverage on hybrid composite resin discoloration. Material and Method: This study used hybrid composite resin with A3 color, and was done by soaking composite resin plates in coffee solution for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, corresponding to equivalent coffee usage for 6 months, 1, 1.5, and 2 years. The same measurements of reflectance were done before and after soaking into coffee solution. In the measurement, a beam from He-Ne laser is reflected by the sample to a photovoltaic cell of type BPY -47, which provides a voltage signal according to the intensity of reflected light. Results: There was a significant difference between composite resin plates before and after soaking into a coffee solution, suggesting that coffee usage will have a discoloring effect of dental composite resin."

"Composite resin are restorative materials having color similar to teeth and have been widely used in dentistry. The successful application of composite resin influences the duration of the restoration in the oral cavity. The aim of this research is to describe the influence of artificial saliva contamination and the application of re-conditioning on tensile bond strength of composite resin to dentin. In the control group, the dentin were etched, bonding were applied and composite resin were restored on the dentin. In the group with artificial saliva contamination without re-conditioning, the dentin were etched, bonding were applied and then contaminated with artificial saliva, dried and then restired with composite resin. While the group with artificial saliva contamination with re-conditioning, the dentin were etched, bonding were applied and contaminated with artificial saliva, and then etched and applied bonding agent and restored composite resin.Bond strength test used “Universal testing machine, AG 5000. The results showed that highest value of tensile bond strength of composite resin to dentin was at the control group. It can be concluded that artificial saliva contamination decreased tensile bond strength while re-conditioning application increased it."

"Latar Belakang: Bleaching merupakan prosedur mencerahkan warna gigi dengan bantuan bahan kimia yang memiliki efek samping berupa perubahan pada permukaan material resin komposit. Sementara itu, kekasaran permukaan memainkan peran penting dalam penentuan interaksi material restorasi dengan lingkungan rongga mulut karena tekstur permukaan yang tidak baik dapat meningkatkan retensi akumulasi plak dan dapat menimbulkan penyakit lainnya. Namun, penelitian mengenai efek bleaching agent pada kekasaran permukaan melaporkan hasil yang kontroversial. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh in-home bleaching agent terhadap kekasaran permukaan resin komposit nanofilled dan microhybrid. Metode: Resin komposit nanofilled FiltekTM Z350 XT Universal Restorative (3M ESPE) dan resin komposit microhybrid FiltekTM Z250 Universal Restorative (3M ESPE) digunakan pada penelitian ini. Sebanyak 16 spesimen disiapkan dari masing-masing jenis resin komposit yang dinyatakan oleh kelompok A resin komposit nanohybrid dan kelompok B resin komposit microhybrid (jumlah total spesimen adalah 32). Seluruh spesimen dibuat dengan penumpatan material ke dalam mould dengan diameter 6 mm dan ketebalan 2 mm menggunakan kaca preparat dengan strip seluloid kemudian diberikan beban 500 gram. In-home bleaching agent (Opalescence Tooth Whitening Systems 10% Carbamide Peroxide Concentrations) diaplikasikan selama 8-10 jam/hari. Seluruh perlakuan dilakukan pada suhu 37°C dan in-home bleaching agent dibilas setiap hari selama 1 minggu dan disimpan dalam air saline steril selama periode hiatus. Kemudian, seluruh spesimen diuji dan dicatat nilai kekasaran permukaan (Ra) dalam satuan μm dengan menggunakan alat uji surface roughness tester (Surtronic® S-128) sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji Paired T-Test dan Independent T-Test. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kekasaran permukaan resin komposit nanofilled dan microhybrid sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi in-home bleaching agent (p<0,005). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara resin komposit nanofilled dan microhybrid sesudah aplikasi in-home bleaching agent (p<0,005). Kesimpulan: In- home bleaching agent secara signifikan meningkatkan nilai kekasaran permukaan pada kedua jenis material resin komposit dengan resin komposit nanofilled lebih rendah dari resin komposit microhybrid. Kekasaran permukaan pada kedua jenis resin komposit masih dapat diterima secara klinis karena menunjukkan nilai di bawah ambang batas kritis 0,2 μm.

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Background: Bleaching is a procedure that involves lightening the color of a tooth through the application of a chemical agent, which has a side effect in the form of changes to the surface of the composite resin material. Meanwhile, surface roughness plays a vital role in determining a material’s interaction with the oral environment due to the poor surface texture of dental materials. It has a significant influence on plaque accumulation and causes other diseases. However, studies on the effect of bleaching agents on the surface roughness of dental materials have reported controversial results. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effect of in-home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of nanofilled and microhybrid composite resin. Methods: Nanofilled composite resin FiltekTM Z350 XT Universal Restorative (3M ESPE) and microhybrid composite resin FiltekTM Z250 Universal Restorative (3M ESPE) were used in the present study. Sixteen specimens were prepared from each type of composite resin that represented by group A for nanofilled composite resin and group B for microhybrid composite resin (total number of specimens were 32). Each specimen was prepared by compressing a sufficient amount of material into a mold of 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness using glass slides with celluloid strip, then given a load of 500 grams. In-home bleaching agents (Opalescence Tooth Whitening Systems 10% Carbamide Peroxide Concentrations) were applied 8-10 hours/day. All treatment was conducted at 37°C temperature, and an in-home bleaching agent was applied and rinsed off daily for one week and stored in distilled water during the hiatus period. Then, the surface roughness of all specimens was measured and recorded (Ra) value in μm using a surface roughness tester (Surtronic® S-128) before and after being treated. Data were statistically analyzed with Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test. Result: There was a statistically significant difference between the surface roughness of nanofilled and microhybrid composite resin before and after being bleached with an in-home bleaching agent (p<0,005). There was a statistically significant difference between nanofilled and microhybrid composite resin after being bleached with an in-home bleaching agent (p<0,005). Conclusion: In-home bleaching agent significantly increased the surface roughness value of both types of composite resin with nanofilled composite resin is lower than microhybrid composite resin. Surface roughness for both composite resins is still clinically acceptable because values tested below the critical threshold of 0,2 μm."

"Skripsi ini melaporkan penelitian deskriptif potong lintang mengenai ukuran panjang basis kranila anterior (S-N) dan bidang horizontal Frankfort (FHP) anak usia 11-16 tahun melalui pengukuran linear 202 sefalogram lateral digital yang didapat dari sebuah laboratorium klinik di Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran rerata panjang S-N anak usia 11-13 tahun laki-laki 62.32 ± 3.36 mm dan perempuan 60.86 ± 3.30 mm, sedangkan anak usia >13-16 tahun laki-laki 63.92 ± 3.04 mm dan perempuan 60.82 ± 3.01 mm. Ukuran rerata panjang FHP anak usia 11-13 tahun laki-laki 69.52 ± 4.86 mm dan perempuan 70.08 ± 4.56 mm, sedangkan anak usia >13-16 tahun laki-laki 72.51 ± 3.47 mm dan perempuan 69.21 ± 3.40 mm. Pertumbuhan S-N pada anak usia 11-16 tahun tampak stabil, sedangkan pertumbuhan FHP mengikuti teori percepatan pertumbuhan remaja.

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This paper reports a cross-sectional descriptive research about the length of anterior cranial base (S-N) and Frankfort horizontal plane (FHP) in children aged 11-16 years old through linear measurement of 202 digital lateral cephalograms from a clinical laboratory in Jakarta. Results showed that the S-N average in children aged 11-13 years old for boys are 62.32 ± 3.36 mm and girls 60.86 ± 3.30 mm, while in >13-16 years old group, the boys’ average was 63.92 ± 3.04 mm and girls’ was 60.82 ± 3.01 mm. The FHP average in children aged 11-13 years old for boys was 69.52 ± 4.86 mm and girls 70.08 ± 4.56 mm, while in >13-16 years old group, the boys’ average was 72.51 ± 3.47 mm and girls’ was 69.21 ± 3.40 mm. The growth of S-N in children aged 11-16 years old is stable, while the growth of FHP follows the pubertal growth spurt theory."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Masa remaja adalah suatu saat dimana seseorang mencari jatidirinya. Hubungan sosial dengan orang lain menjadi hal yang tak terpisahkandalam masa ini, dan seringkali susunan gigi-geligi, berpengaruh terhadapperlakuan sosial yang diterima seorang remaja dari lingkungannya. Berbagaipenelitian telah menemukan maloklusi gigi anterior atas berdampak negatifterhadap relasi sosial remaja. Meskipun demikian, penelitian seperti ini masihjarang ditemukan di Indonesia.Material dan metode: Subjek berasal dari 2 SMP di Jakarta Timur, sebanyak 173orang, yang dibagi menjadi 4 macam karakteristik oklusi: gigi anterior atasberjejal, gigi anterior atas bercelah, dan gigi anterior atas protrusif, menggunakankuesioner PIDAQ (Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire).Hasil: Analisis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna dalam dampakterhadap rasa percaya diri antara remaja oklusi normal dengan maloklusi gigiberjejal, bercelah, maupun protrusif, serta perbedaan bermakna antara dampakpsikologis yang dimiliki remaja oklusi normal dengan gigi bercelah.Kesimpulan: Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan serta perawatanortodonti dini pada remaja dengan maloklusi agar dapat mencegah timbulnyagangguan perkembangan psikososial remaja.

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Abstract Introduction: Adolescence is a one of significant periods in one?s life. Relatingwith others in this phase has become an inseparable aspect, and often physicalappearance, especially facial and dental, considerably determines the quality ofsocial treatment received from one?s surrounding. Several studies have found therole of upper anterior malocclusion in rendering negatively one?s socialconnection with his peers. Despite the quite fascinating findings, such studies arerelatively rare to be found in Indonesian context.Material and method: impact of various anterior occlusion on adolescentpsychosocial from SMP 51 and SMP 195 in East Jakarta area by using PIDAQ(Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire). Two school werecontacted and 173 subjects participated, classified into four occlusalcharacteristics: normal, upper anterior crowding, upper anterior spacing, andupper anterior protruding.Result: There is significant difference between adolescents with normal occlusionand those suffering from malocclusions, either crowding, spacing, or protruding.Moreover, there is a significant psychological impact difference betweenadolescents with normal dentition and those who have upper anterior spacing.Conclusion: It can be concluded that anterior malocclusion has the possibility toaffect adolescents psychological condition. Therefore, it is deemed necessary totake preventive action as well as early orthodontic treatment on adolescentssuffering from malocclusions in order to nullify the impact on their psychosocialdevelopment."