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"Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide derived from the cuticle of crustacean, ispromoted as a remedy to reduce fat absorption, might help reducing body weight andnormalizing lipid profile without any harmful effect. However, its clinical effectivenessfor this condition remains disputed. Therefore, study on that matters are required toinvestigate the effect of chitosan on human body weight and lipid profile. This research report is divided in three sequential parts. Part 1 contentscomprehensive reviews on the background and rationale of the study, problemstatements, literature review, causal model, objectives of the study and the hypotheses. Part 2 covers manuscript for publication entitled ?The effects of chitosan onbody weight, body fat and lipid profiles among Vietnamese overweight obesitydyslipdaemia female teachers? that presents the main findings of the study. Themanuscript is written in accordance with the ?Instructions for Authors? of PeerReviewed Journal ?Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition?. Part 3 consists of detailed questionnaire, methodology, and other importantresults that are not included in manuscript. Form used for inform consent as well asreferences are also attached. Hopefully, this research report will give more information for better understandof the emerging issues and give benefit for future studies."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 325-328Music is related to stress reduction and increased levels of growth-hormone. In rat, music exposure since prenatal period was found to increase body-weight of 7-days-old litters and brain cells. Somatic growth was primarily influenced by growth-hormone and supported by psycho-physic condition. The objective of this study was to analyze whether music exposure since prenatal until 35 days post-natal period could affect the weight and body-length of the rat-pups. Four pregnant Wistar rats were daily exposed to one hour classic music (Mozart) every 17.30 PM since gestation period day one until the 22 litters were 35-days-old. Controls were 5 pregnat rats and their 36 litters caged in a different room with no music. Weighing and measuring the body-length (the most anterior point of nasal-septum to the base of the tail) were conducted at day 7,25 and 35. Data were analyzed using Multivariate General-Linear-Model (a = 0.05). It was revealed that the mean weight of the experimental litters was significantly higher than those of the controls either at day 7 (p = 0.00), day 25 (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Music exposure since prenatal period has significant influences on the weight of the rat-litters aged 7,25 and 35 days and on the body-length of the 25-days-old litters."

"ABSTRAKIn recent years, Vietnamese literature has seen the rise of women writers in a genre traditionally dominated by men travel writing. Phuong Mai, Huyen Chip, Dinh Hang, among others, are just a few who have introduced innovations to this genre. This paper investigates the practice of contemporary Vietnamese women travel writers and how they differ in perception compared to their male counterparts. One of the most crucial differences is that women perform culturalembodiment, employing their bodies instead of their minds. An encounter of the woman writer with other cultures is, therefore, an encounter between the body and the very physical conditions of culture, which leads to a will to change, to transform, more than a desire to conquer, to penetrate the other. Utilizing the concept deterritorialization developed by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, this paper argues that despite being deemed fragile and without protection, womens bodies are in fact fluid and able to open new possibilities of land and culture often stripped away by masculinist ideology."

"Anemia has long been recognized as a serious public health problem in many developing countries. WHO reported at an INACG meeting and estimated that 2 billion people were anemic. Based on the public health viewpoint, most cases of anemia are nutritional anemia and defined in the year 1968 WHO technical report as a condition in which the hemoglobin content of the blood is lower than normal as a result of a deficiency of one or more essential nutrients, regardless ofthe cause of such deficiency.The causal relationship between iron deficiency and physical work capacity is evaluated through a systematic review of research literature, including animal and human studies. The presumed mechanism for this effect is the reduced oxygen transport associated with anemia; tissue iron deficiency may also play a role through reduced cellular oxidative capacity.The effects of anemia on physical activities and work performance have been studied in several countries such as Indonesia and China. A study in Indonesia found a significantly lower output of anemic Indonesian rubber plantation workers than the non-anemic workers. The Vietnam national survey in anemia l995 revealed that the prevalence of anemia was 40.2 % among non-pregnant women; it was also high among males around 20 %), whereas the prevalence of iron deficiency among non pregnant women was not very high (33.3 %). Therefore, multivitamin supplementation may reduce the anemia prevalence among Vietnamese non pregnant workers. Some main problems of an anemia control program (in scale of 113 districts of Vietnam) were side effects and the unpleasant taste of iron tablets; it caused the low compliance of iron tablet consumption. On the other hand, multi vitamin tablets have no side effect and have a palatable taste, thus it may be well accepted."

"Indeks Massa Tubuh IMT dan total lemak tubuh metode impedansi merupakan salah satu cara untuk memprediksi lemak tubuh yang mudah dan tidak invasif. Korelasinya dengan profil lipid serum belum banyak diteliti, terutama di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari korelasi keduanya dengan profil lipid serum. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional pada 128 subjek yang memeriksakan profil lipidnya ke Laboratorium Departemen Patologi Klinik RSCM. Dilakukan pengukuran berat badan, tinggi badan, dan total lemak tubuh dengan metode impedansi secara langsung. Data profil lipid didapatkan melalui Laboratory Information System Departemen Patologi Klinik. Kemudian, data diolah dengan menggunakan uji Pearson untuk mengetahui korelasi antara IMT dan total lemak tubuh metode impedansi dengan profil lipid serum. Pada penelitian ini, tidak didapatkan korelasi IMT dan total lemak tubuh dengan setiap parameter profil lipid, yang meliputi trigliserida, kolesterol total, kolesterol-HDL, dan kolestrol-LDL p>0,05 . Dengan demikian, disimpulkan bahwa kedua pemeriksaan tersebut tidak dapat menggantikan pemeriksaan profil lipid serum.

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Body Mass Index BMI and bioelectric impedance analysis of total body fat are an easy and non invasive methods to predict fat level in the body. Since the correlation between BMI and bioelectric impedance analysis of total body fat with serum lipid profile is limitedly known, especially in Indonesia's population, the purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation of BMI and bioelectric impedance analysis of total body fat with serum lipid profile. This is an analytical cross sectional study on 128 patients from Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital laboratory. The subjects were examined to measure weight, height, and total body fat with impedance method, and serum lipid profile. The data were analyzed with Pearson test to find the correlation between variables. There were no correlation between BMI and TBF with serum lipid profile, including triglyceride, cholesterol total, HDL C, and LDL C p 0,05 . To conclude, serum lipid profile cannot be replaced by BMI and bioelectric impedance analysis of total body fat examination."

"Perilaku penurunan berat badan merupakan perilaku yang sering dilakukan oleh remaja perempuan. Perilaku penurunan berat badan, terlebih jika dilakukan dengan cara yang tidak sehat, dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak kesehatan atau psikologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku penurunan berat badan pada siswi SMAN 81 Jakarta, serta faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan perilaku penurunan berat badan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada 157 siswi kelas X dan XI. Variabel dependen yang diteliti adalah perilaku penurunan berat badan. Variabel independen yang diteliti yaitu citra tubuh, pengetahuan gizi, pengaruh keluarga, teman sebaya, dan media sosial. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner yang dipantau secara daring pada bulan April 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 63,1% responden melakukan penurunan berat badan dalam 6 bulan terakhir. Didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara citra tubuh, pengaruh keluarga, dan pengaruh tekanan media sosial dengan perilaku penurunan berat badan. Faktor dominan dari kejadian perilaku penurunan berat badan adalah media sosial. Sehingga disarankan pemberian edukasi gizi pada remaja dan orang tua mengenai pengetahuan perilaku penurunan berat badan, serta promosi gizi melalui media sosial.

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Weight Reduction Behaviors (WRBs) are common behaviors among adolescent girls. WRBs, especially using unhealthy practices, can result in various negative health and psychological impact. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of WRBs among female students at SMAN 81 Jakarta, and the factors related to it. This study used quantitive method with cross-sectional design and conducted on 157 female students in grade X and XI. The dependent variable studied was weight loss behavior. The independent variables studied were body image, nutritional knowledge, influence of family, peers, and social media. Data was collected through filling out a questionnaire that was monitored online in April 2021. The results showed that 63.1% of respondents had lost weight in the last 6 months. It was found that there was a significant relationship between body image, family influence, and the social media pressure influence with WRBs. The dominant factor among variables is social media. Therefore, the author suggests nutrition education to adolescent girls and parents about weight reduction behavior and intervention through social media."

"ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were 1) to quantify the differences in body densities and percent body fat using various methods for evaluating body composition (e.g., underwater weighing (UWW), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), skinfold caliper (SKF) measurement, ultrasound (US), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), and 2) to examine the relationship between trends of the differences in body density and percent body fat obtained by these methods and characteristics of morphology and body composition. To this end, the body compositions of 73 healthy male adults were measured using UWW, ADP, SKF, US, and BIA. Twenty-seven of these 73 subjects underwent further measurement using DXA. Differences in body densities determined with ADP, SKF, and US were compared with those measured using UWW as a reference, and the differences in percent body fat estimated with UWW, ADP, SKF, US and BIA were compared with those measured by DXA as a reference. The results of this study indicate that 1) ADP is useful as a method for evaluating body density, as the results differed insignificantly from the reference method and showed no systematic errors due to differences in morphological characteristics and body composition, and 2) UWW measurements exhibited the smallest difference in percent body fat from the reference method, however, more than in any other method, there were systematic errors due to differences in morphological characteristics and body composition, specifically, trunk composition."

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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh media sosial terhadap salah satu aspek psikologis penggunanya, yaitu kepuasan tubuh (body satisfaction), dengan menggabungkan dasar teori Tripartite Influence Model of Body Dissatisfaction dan teori Stimulus-Organism-Response, dan juga memodifikasi dengan penambahan faktor-faktor pemicu (stimulus) dari model dasar, yaitu aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan video penampilan fisik (photo-based activity), motivasi untuk terlihat baik dari media sosial (appearance motivation) dan literasi media sosial pengguna (social media literacy). Objek dari penelitian ini merupakan media sosial TikTok, sebagai salah satu media sosial berbasis gambar (photo-based) dengan subjek penelitian pengguna TikTok yang berbasis di Indonesia dan memiliki rentang umur 17 – 26 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode gabungan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif didapatkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan hasil 507 responden dan diolah menggunakan metode Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS AMOS. Kemudian, untuk kualitatif dilakukan dengan mewawancarai 32 responden dan dianalisis dengan metode content-analysis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upward appearance comparison dipengaruhi oleh photo-based activity dan appearance motivation, sedangkan untuk thin-ideal internalization dipengaruhi oleh appearance motivation dan social media literacy. Upward appearance comparison dan thin ideal internalization comparison memberikan dampak buruk terhadap body satisfaction penggunanya. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi penelitian selanjutnya dalam topik pengaruh media sosial terhadap persepsi tubuh penggunanya, serta bagi pihak media sosial TikTok dalam usahanya menciptakan lingkungan media sosial yang sehat bagi penggunanya.

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This research was conducted to analyze the effect of media social on human's perception of their body image, specifically on body satisfaction, by combining a theoretical basis of the Tripartite Influence Model of Influence model and the Stimulus-Organism-Response theory, and also by modifying the stimulus factors, which are photo-based activity, appearance motivation, and social media literacy. The object of this research is TikTok, a photo-based social media, with the research subject of TikTok users based in Indonesia with age ranges from 17 to 26. This research was conducted with a mixed method, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative data was acquired by distributing questionnaires with the results of 507 respondents and was processed through Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) method with the help of the SPSS AMOS application. As for the qualitative approach, the data was acquired by interviewing 32 respondents, and the answers were analyzed using a content-analysis method. This research indicated that upward appearance comparison is affected by photo-based activity and appearance motivation, as thin-ideal internalization is affected by appearance motivation and social media literacy. Both upward appearance comparison and thin-ideal internalization can be harmful to body satisfaction. Through the findings from this research, we hope to contribute to future research on related topics and for TikTok as the social media provider to create a healthier social media environment for their users

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