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"Many factors have been found to be related to the timing of the eruption of permanent teeth in a population, e.g. racial composition, sex, climate and socio economic condition. The aim of the study is to compare the ages of eruption of permanent teeth in children with and without undernutrition problems. A number of 1216 school children aged 5-14 years selected from 5 underdeveloped villages in Kabupaten Serang and Pandeglang were taken as subjects. A tooth was considered to have erupted if any part of the crown had penetrated the gingiva. Undernutrition was assessed as such if the score of height-for-aged was less than 70% of median WHO-NCHS standard. The study found that 34,4% of the subjects had under nutrition problems and the average time of eruption of all upper and lower teeth of the boys and girls without undernutrition (normal) were significantly faster compare to that of boys and girls having undernutrition (p<0.001). Teeth eruption in boys with undernutrition problem were slower than that of the girls. Conclusion: Further study is recommended since undernutrition problems were important factors which may influence the time of tooth eruption in Indonesian children."

"Latar Belakang: Prakiraan usia merupakan pemeriksaan forensik untuk identifikasi individu. Tujuan: menganalisis resorpsi akar, kalsifikasi, dan erupsi gigi secara radiografis untuk membuat atlas pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi populasi Indonesia usia 5 ? 23 tahun. Metode: Desain potong lintang pada 304 subjek radiograf panoramik. Modus tahap dari resorpsi akar, kalsifikasi, dan erupsi setiap kategori usia dijadikan dasar pembuatan atlas. Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Atlas pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi populasi Indonesia usia 5 - 23 tahun dikonstruksi sesuai dengan usia kronologis populasi Indonesia. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi antara laki-laki dan perempuan serta antara regio kanan dan kiri (p>0.05.

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Background: Age estimation is useful for forensic examination.

Aim: To analyze tooth root resorption, calcification, and eruption to develop an atlas of tooth growth and development for Indonesian population age 5-23 years.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 304 panoramic radiographs. Modus stage of tooth root resorption, calcification, and eruption was used to construct the atlas.

Results and Summary: Atlas of tooth growth and development for age 5-23 years was constructed to estimate chronological age in Indonesian population. There was no significant difference of tooth growth and development between female and male and between right and left region (p>0.05)."

"Pendahuluan: Pola, variasi dan waktu erupsi gigi sulung dari setiap individu berbeda dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan. Aktivitas oromotor merupakan faktor lingkungan lokal yang terdeteksi saat janin berusia lebih dari 6 bulan, dan berlanjut segera setelah dilahirkan. Pengaruh feeding practice yang merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan lokal yang merangsang aktivitas oromotor terhadap erupsi gigi sulung belum diketahui pasti. Dalam literatur disampaikan bahwa perbedaan metode pemberian ASI menunjukkan karakteristik aktivitas motorik oral yang berbeda. Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian cross sectional dengan responden 50 pasang ibu dan bayi usia ≥6-12 bulan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data kuesioner meliputi gambaran karakteristik demografi, riwayat kehamilan, riwayat kelahiran, riwayat menyusu, usia bayi dan fotometri erupsi gigi sulung intra-oral Hasil dan Pembahasan: Aktivitas motorik dianalisis melalui variabel usia bayi, metode kelahiran, berat lahir, cara menyusu ASI dan erupsi gigi 51-61 serta 71-81. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara usia dan metode kelahiran terhadap erupsi gigi 51-61. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara berat lahir, metode kelahiran, dan cara menyusu ASI terhadap erupsi gigi 71-81. 

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Introduction: Patterns, variations and time eruption of primary tooth of each individual are different and influenced by environmental factors. Oromotor activity is a local environment factor detected when the fetus is more than 6 months old, and continues immediately after being born. The effect of feeding practice, which is one of the local environmental factors that stimulates oromotor activity on the eruption of the eldest tooth is not yet certain. In the literature it is conveyed that the difference in method of breastfeeding shows the characteristics of different oral motor activities.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study with 50 pairs of mothers and babies aged 6-12 months who met the inclusion criteria. The questionnaire data includes a description of demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, birth history, breastfeeding history, infant age and intra-oral photometry of the eruption of primary teeth.

Results and Discussion: Oral motor activity was analyzed through the variables of the baby's age, birth method, birth weight, breastfeeding method and the eruption of teeth 51-61 and 71-81. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between age and method of birth on the eruption of teeth 51-61. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between birth weight, birth method, and breastfeeding method on the eruption of teeth 71-81."

"Latar Belakang: Erupsi gigi adalah pergerakan gigi dalam arah aksial dari lokasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi di dalam tulang rahang menuju ke posisi fungsional gigi di dalam rongga mulut. Proses erupsi gigi ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan lingkungan, salah satunya adalah praktik pemberian makan pada anak, terutama selama satu tahun pertama pascalahir. Adanya perubahan konsistensi makanan yang diberikan dari susu yang bersifat cair saat lahir, lunak, semi padat, hingga padat di usia dua belas bulan, melibatkan perubahan aktifitas komponen kompleks kraniofasial yang dihubungkan dengan proses erupsi gigi sulung. Hasil yang beragam ditemukan pada penelitian terdahulu mengenai hubungan praktik pemberian makan terhadap erupsi gigi sulung di berbagai negara. Tujuan: menganalisis hubungan antara praktik pemberian makan dengan jumlah gigi sulung yang sudah erupsi pada anak usia 12 bulan ras Deutro-Melayu. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan total subjek penelitian 60 pasang ibu dan anak usia 12 bulan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data praktik pemberian makan diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan ibu termasuk riwayat kehamilan, kesehatan anak saat lahir dan 6 bulan pascalahir. Jumlah gigi sulung yang sudah erupsi dihitung melalui foto intraoral. Hasil: Adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas makan saat praktik pemberian makan semi padat (uji korelasi Spearman Rank; r=0,279; p=0,031) dan padat (uji korelasi Spearman Rank; r=0,272; p=0,003) dengan jumlah gigi sulung yang sudah erupsi pada usia 12 bulan. Kesimpulan: Perubahan tekstur makanan saat pemberian makan semi padat dan padat menyebabkan perubahan aktivitas makan yang berpotensi mempengaruhi jumlah gigi sulung yang sudah erupsi pada anak usia 12 bulan.

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Background: Tooth eruption is defined as the movement of a tooth, primarily in the axial direction, from its site of development in the jaw bone to its functional position in the oral cavity. The process of tooth eruption is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, one of which is feeding practices, especially during the first year postnatal. The change in the food consistency given at birth from liquid, soft, semi-solid, to solid at the age of twelve months, involves changes in the activity of the craniofacial complex components that are associated with the process of eruption of primary teeth. Various results were found in previous studies on the relationship between feeding practices and primary tooth eruption in various countries.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between feeding practice and the number of primary teeth in 12-month-old Deutro-Melayu race children.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a total of 60 pairs of mothers and 12-month-old children who met the inclusion criteria. Data on feeding practices were obtained through interview with mothers including pregnancy history, child health at birth and 6 months postnatal. The number of primary teeth was determined through intraoral photographs.

Result: There was a significant correlation between feeding activity during semi-solid (Spearman Rank correlation test; r=0.279; p=0.031) and solid (Spearman Rank correlation test; r=0.272; p=0.003) and the number of primary teeth at 12 months of age.

Conclusion: Changes in food texture during semi-solid and solid feeding lead to changes in feeding activity that could potentially affect the number of primary teeth at 12 months of age."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Trauma gigi adalah masalah kesehatan yang perlu ditanggulangi.Data epidemiologi trauma gigi di Indonesia belum ditemukan. Tujuan: Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi trauma gigi permanen anterior padaanak sekolah dasar. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desaincross sectional yang dilakukan pada 500 anak usia 8-12 tahun. Hasil: Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa trauma gigi terjadi dua kali lebih sering pada anak laki-laki usia9 tahun yang melibatkan gigi permanen insisif sentral maksila kanan dan biasanyaterjadi di lingkungan rumah akibat aktivitas fisik.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Dental trauma is health problems that have to be solved. Epidemiologydata of dental trauma in Indonesia has not been determined. Aim: The aim of thisreseach was to determine the distribution frequency of traumatic permanent anteriorteeth on elementary school student. Method: The method of this research wasdescriptive with cross sectional design, which has been done on 500 children aged 8-12 years old. Result: Result showed that dental trauma in children is two times morecommon in boys aged 9 years, involving the permanent maxillary right central incisorand usually caused of physical activity around the house."

"The objective of this research was to know the difference of Compomer (Dyract, Dentsplay) penetration in dentin of primary and permanent teeth after applied by Non-Rinse Conditioner (NRC). The samples were observed by Scanning Electron Inicroscopy = SEM (1200 X mag) and the length of Compomer penetration in dentin tubules after applied by non-rinse conditioner were measured. T test showed that Compomer penetration in primary teeth was shorter compared to permanent teeth (t=3.474, p=0.001)."

"Karbohidrat merupakan sumber energi terpenting yang dibutuhkan pada masa pertumbuhan anak. Karbohidrat merupakan faktor terpenting pada proses terjadinya karies. Prevalensi karies di Indonesia untuk kelompok usia 5 – 9 tahun berdasarkan RISKESDAS 2018 sebesar 92,6%. Kerentanan gigi untuk terkena karies mencapai titik maksimum setelah 2 – 3 tahun pasca erupsi. Gigi Molar permanen pertama dapat menggambarkan kondisi keparahan karies dalam rongga mulut sebagai gigi permanen yang tumbuh pertama kali. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan jenis dan frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat terhadap karies gigi Molar satu permanen pada anak usia 8 – 9 tahun. Metode: Desain studi cross sectional. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 109 anak yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Variabel yang digunakan bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat dan kudapan dengan karies gigi Molar satu permanen. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) digunakan untuk mengukur frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat dan pemeriksaan klinis karies gigi Molar satu permanen menggunakan ICDAS. Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan tidak bermakna antara frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat makanan utama dan karbohidrat kudapan terhadap karies gigi Molar satu permanen anak usia 8- 9 tahun

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Carbohydrates are the most important source of energy needed during a child's growth. Carbohydrates are the most important factor in the process of caries. The prevalence of caries in Indonesia for the 5-9 years age group based on RISKESDAS 2018 is 92.6%. Tooth susceptibility to caries reaches its maximum point after 2 to 3 years after eruption. The first permanent Molars can describe the condition of the severity of caries in the oral cavity as a permanent tooth that grows first. Aim: To analyse the relationship between type and frequency of carbohydrate consumption against caries of permanent first Molar teeth in children aged 8 – 9 years. Method: Cross sectional study design. There were 109 study subjects, selected using purposive sampling. The variable used aims to analyse the relationship between the frequency of carbohydrate consumption and snacks with dental caries for permanent first Molar. food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used to measure the frequency of carbohydrate consumption and clinical examination of dental permanent first Molar teeth using ICDAS. Conclusion: there is no significant relationship between the frequency of carbohydrate as main course consumption and carbohydrate as snacks on dental caries in permanent first Molar children aged 8- 9 years"

"Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013, nilai komponen Missing-Teeth (M-T) pada DMFT Indonesia sebesar 2,9. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran distribusi dan frekuensi indikasi ekstraksi gigi permanen. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif retrospektif di Rumah Sakit Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut (RSKGM) FKG UI Salemba pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2015. Subjek berupa data sekunder dari rekam medik status kesehatan pasien RSKGMFKG UI periode 1 Januari 2012-31 Desember 2014. Indikasi ekstraksi gigi permanen yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah karies lanjut (65,9%).

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Based on data from the 2013 Basic Health Research in Indonesia, Missing Teeth (MT) component value of DMFT Indonesia was 2,9. This study aims to describe an overview of distribution and frequency of permanent teeth extraction. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the RSKGM FKG UI in June to August 2015. The secondary data of patients were obtained from the medical records of the RSKGM FKG UI during the research period. The highest rank in indications of permanent teeth extracted was advanced caries (65,9%)."

"The objective of this research was to know the difference between the penetration of glass ionomer cement (Chemflex, Dentsply) in dentin of primary teeth with and without conditioner (10% polyacrylate acid). The primary molar tooth which were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 1000X magnitude was measured for the length of glass ionomer cement penetration in dentin of primary tooth with and without conditioner. The t test showed that there was no significant difference between the length of glass ionomer cement penetration in dentin of primary teeth with and without conditioner (t=1,78; p>0,05)."

"Latar Belakang. Indonesia masih memiliki masalah gizi kurang, salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi erupsi gigi sulung adalah status gizi, baik status gizi ibu prenatal maupun status gizi anak.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi ibu prenatal dan anak usia 6 - 37 bulan terhadap pola erupsi gigi sulung di kecamatan Beji, Depok.Metode. Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan pada ibu dan anaknya yang berusia 6 - 37 bulan di lima posyandu kecamatan Beji, Depok. Informasi status gizi ibu dan anak didapatkan dari buku KIA/KMS subjek.Hasil. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna.

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Background. Indonesia still have poor nutritional status problems, one of the factors that influence the eruption of primary teeth are mothers prenatal nutritional status and child nutritional status.

Objective. To identify the relationship between mothers prenatal nutritional status and 6 ndash 37 month children to primary teeth eruption pattern in the district Beji, Depok.

Methods. This cross sectional study conducted on mothers and their children in five posyandus in Beji District, Depok. The nutritional status information of mothers and children obtained from books KIA KMS subject.

Results. There is significant differences."