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"Indonesian are having oral health disease which relate with oral hygiene. Most of oral health diseases are dental caries and periodontal disease. Dental crowding is one type of dental malocclusion that cause those diseases. On the other hand, behaviour has an important role to influence oral health status. The aim of this study to get information about the relation between behaviour and oral hygiene of school children with dental crowding in DKI Jakarta. This study has been done on 277 fourth to sixth grade elementary school children from 5 district at DKI Jakarta. This observasional study has been done by chi-square test. The result has shown that there is no relation between behaviour to oral hygiene of dental crowding school children (p=0,93)."

"Latar belakang: Maloklusi merupakan bentuk penyimpangan oklusi ideal dan menjadi masalah gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi tertinggi ketiga di dunia. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2018, proporsi penduduk Indonesia yang melakukan perawatan ortodonti untuk mengatasi maloklusi masih sangat rendah yaitu hanya 0,3%. Rendahnya proporsi tersebut kemungkinan disebabkan berbagai faktor seperti pengetahuan, motivasi, dan hambatan. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, motivasi, dan hambatan terhadap perawatan ortodonti pada mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia Metode: Studi analitik observasional potong lintang pada 318 mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia Angkatan 2017. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tiga buah kuesioner tentang pengetahuan, motivasi dan hambatan melalui adaptasi lintas budaya. Hasil: Lebih dari 50% responden memiliki pengetahuan, hambatan, dan kemampuan terhadap perawatan ortodonti dengan kategori sedang. Terdapat 36,2% responden yang memiliki motivasi terhadap perawatan ortodonti tinggi. Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p≤0,05) antara pengetahuan dan motivasi terhadap perawatan ortodonti; antara pengetahuan dan hambatan terhadap perawatan ortodonti; serta antara motivasi dan hambatan terhadap perawatan ortodonti. Motivasi merupakan faktor yang memiliki nilai korelasi terbesar (r=0,798, p≤0,05)terhadap perawatan ortodonti. Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia angkatan 2017 memiliki tingkat motivasi tinggi untuk melakukan perawatan ortodonti, tetapi memiliki tingkat pengetahuan, hambatan, dan kemampuan terhadap perawatan ortodonti sedang. Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan, motivasi, dan hambatan terhadap perawatan ortodonti. Motivasi memiliki nilai korelasi paling besar terhadap perawatan ortodonti.

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Background: Malocclusion is a deviation from ideal occlusion and becomes a dental and oral health problem globally with the third-highest prevalence. According to Riskesdas 2018, the proportion of the Indonesian population who had undergone orthodontic treatment to treat malocclusion is still very low, only 0,3%. The low proportion is probably due to various factors such as knowledge, motivation, and barriers. Objective: To assess the relationship between knowledge, motivation, and barriers to orthodontic treatment among University of Indonesia students. Methods: An analytical cross- sectional study was conducted among 318 University of Indonesia students class of 2017. The instrument used was three questionnaires about knowledge, motivation, and barriers through cross-cultural adaptation. Results: More than 50% of the respondents have a moderate level of knowledge, barriers, and orthodontic treatment ability. There are 36.2% of respondents who have high motivation towards orthodontic treatment. The Spearman correlation test shows a significant relationship (p≤0,05) between knowledge and motivation to orthodontic treatment; between knowledge and barriers to orthodontic treatment; and between motivation and barriers to orthodontic treatment. Motivation shows the highest correlation to orthodontic treatment (r=0,798, p≤0,05). Conclusion: University of Indonesia students class of 2017 have a high level of motivation to perform orthodontic treatment but have a moderate level of knowledge, barriers, and ability to orthodontic treatment. There is a relationship between knowledge, motivation, and barriers to orthodontic treatment. Motivation has the greatest correlation value to orthodontic treatment."

"Provinsi Kalimantan Utara yang masih pada tahap daerah pengembangan, khususnya di Desa Pembeliangan dan belum terdapat data mengenai kesehatan gigi dan mulut, serta kondisi ekonomi dan pendidikan masyarakatnya yang masih memprihatinkan Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui perbedaan perilaku menyikat gigi pada anak usia 5-8 tahun sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi selama 21 hari Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-eksperiment dengan jenis rancangan Pretest dan Posttest Design. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil analisis data skor plak, pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan dengan uji wilcoxon adalah p=0.000. hasil analisis data kai kuadrat antara skor plak awal dengan jumlah nilai pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan awal adalah p=0.909, sedangkan hasil analisis data kai kuadrat skor plak akhir dengan jumlah nilai pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan akhir adalah p=0.041. Kesimpulan: terdapat perbedaan perilaku anak usia 5-8 tahun di Desa Pembeliangan saat sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi, ditandai dengan peningkatan skor plak, pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan.

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The North Borneo Province is a developing area, especially in Desa Pembeliangan, there is no oral health data, economic and education condition still need to be concerned. Objective: Knowing the difference of tooh brushing behavior in children aged 5-8 years before and after the education given for 21 days. Methods: This research use quasi-experiment with pretest and posttest design. Result: Results of the data analysis plaque score, knowledge, attitudes and actions with Wilcoxon test was p=0.000. chi square data analysis between the initial plaque score to the total amount of knowledge, attitudes, ang early action is p=0.909, while the results of the chi square data analysis final plaque score to the total amount of knowledge, attitudes, and the final action is p = 0.041. Conclusion: There is the difference of tooth brushing behavior in children aged 5-8 years before and after education given, characterized by the increase of plaque score, knowledge, attitudes, and actions."

"Oral hygiene determines by food debris, plague, calculus, material alba, and stain at surface of tooth. The main cause of gingivitis is plague, with following anomaly periodontal. The purpose of this study is to know the correlation of oral hygiene and gingivitis of class V (five) elementary school students in Kabupaten Jember. Method cross sectional was use in this study, and sample was taken by Stratified Random Sampling. Material and tools uses in this study are mouth glass, sonde, pincer, probe periodontal, sterile cotton, and alcohol 70%. The respondents examined and write OHI-S status and GI status. The result indicated that OHI-S status was relation with becomes gingivitis. Student with bad OHI-S status will become gingivitis (100%). This data waas test by Chi square (X2), and indicated that there is correlation between oral hygiene and gingivitis (p = 0,000)."

"Several studies in Indonesia have attempted to correlate nutritional status with dental caries. The aim of this study was to find out the relation between nutritional status and dental caries disease of schoolchildren aged 9 - 14 years in Karangantu and Pamarican II elementary schools. The study design was cross-sectional with 200 students as respondents. Antropometry was used to measure nutritional status, and status of dental caries was measured by using DMF-T index. The correlation and differences of these variables were analyzed by using Anova and T-test. The results showed there was no correlation between nutritional status and dental caries (p>0.01). The implied conclusion is that food intake of students did not have significant effect on the breakout of caries."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Karies adalah penyakit multifaktorial, yang disebabkan oleh paparan asam pada permukaan gigi yang dihasilkan oleh metabolisme bakteri yang memicu demineralisasi dan dapat berubah menjadi remineralisasi ketika keasaman rongga mulut kembali ke netral. Sikat gigi dilakukan untuk menghilangkan plak dari rongga mulut, dua kali sehari, setelah sarapan pagi dan malam sebelum tidur. Akhir-akhir ini keluhan muncul dari rasa sakit primer yang dimulai dengan rasa sakit karena abrasi dan erosi terkait dengan kebiasaan menyikat gigi. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh menyikat gigi sebelum makan dan setelah makan pada tingkat mineralisasi email gigi yang diperiksa oleh DIAGNOdent Pen. Metode: Desain eksperimental dengan pendekatan uji coba crossover acak sebelum-sesudah. 20 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dipilih dan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Grup A menyikat gigi sebelum makan dan Grup B menyikat gigi setelah makan pada minggu pertama pemeriksaan. Setelah periode pencucian 1 minggu, pengobatan untuk kedua kelompok dipertukarkan. Pemeriksaan dilakukan 4 kali; baseline, setelah menyikat gigi, setelah makan dan 6 jam setelah makan / menyikat gigi. Hasil: Hasil uji Mann-Whitney menyimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara menyikat gigi sebelum makan dan setelah makan (p> 0,05). Nilai rata-rata setelah menyikat gigi dan setelah makan pemeriksaan pada Grup A lebih rendah dari Grup B. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan dalam tingkat mineralisasi enamel antara menyikat gigi sebelum dan sesudah makan.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Caries is a multifactorial disease, caused by exposure to acids on the surface of the teeth produced by bacterial metabolism that triggers demineralization and can turn into remineralization when the acidity of the oral cavity returns to neutral. Toothbrushes are used to remove plaque from the oral cavity, twice a day, after breakfast in the morning and at night before bed. Lately complaints arise from primary pain that starts with pain due to abrasion and erosion associated with the habit of brushing teeth. Objective: To determine the effect of brushing teeth before eating and after eating on the level of tooth enamel mineralization examined by DIAGNOdent Pen. Method: An experimental design with a before-after random crossover trial approach. 20 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into 2 groups. Group A brushed teeth before eating and Group B brushed teeth after meals in the first week of examination. After the washing period of 1 week, the treatment for the two groups was exchanged. The inspection is carried out 4 times; baseline, after brushing teeth, after eating and 6 hours after eating/ brushing teeth. Results: The Mann-Whitney test results concluded there was no statistically significant difference between brushing teeth before eating and after eating (p> 0.05). The mean values ​​after brushing and after eating the examination in Group A were lower than Group B. Conclusion: There was no difference in the level of enamel mineralization between brushing teeth before and after eating."

"The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of functional asymmetry in elementary and junior high school Tarsisius Vireta Tangerang students from 9 to 16 years old, and to determine which age group has the most extensive functional asymmetry. The subjects were grouped based on the development of the first molar until the second molar, as follows: group of age 9 to 11 years old, age above 11 to 14 years old, and age above 14 to 16 years old. Functional examination was done with a modified Castaldi method. The results showed that overall, functional asymmetry was found in 18 out of 306 subjects (prevalence 5.88%) who were examined. From the age group of 9 to 11 years old, there were 8 such subjects (7.14%); from the age group of above 11 to 14 years old, 7 subjects (6.73%); from the age group of above 14 to 16 years old, there were 3 subjects (3.33%).Therefore, the age group of 9 to 14 years old was showing mostfrequent functional asymmetry. It was also found that most subjects that experienced functional asymmetry, especially in anteroposterior direction, were subjects with class III malocclusion. In general, subjects with functional asymmetry had crowding and premature contact – which could happen at almost any tooth, but mostly at the incisors."

"Oral dental epidemiological studies have shown the increasing of prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease. This research was to find out base line data, among two groups of children from Urban and Rural of 20 elementary schools in sub district of Bekasi, West Java. Samples of 2205 children by the classes II, IV, V were observed 1065 in Urban and 1140 in Rural groups. The results show that prevalence of dental caries was 97,5%, DMF-T in urban 2.225 and Rural 2.571 were significantly higher (p=0.0001) and those OHI-S in Urban 1.696 were better than rural 2.050, (p=0.0000)."

"Sejak PELITA III, perihal penyakit gigi dan mulut tercantum sebagai masalah kesehatan nasional yang perlu ditangani secara intensif karena prevalensi penyakit gigi dan jaringan penyangga gigi pada anak-anak usia sekolah (7-14 tahun) dan orang dewasa di Indonesia mencapai 80% dari jumlah penduduk.Untuk mengatasinya diperlukan upaya peningkatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan meninjau berbagai aspek antara lain aspek lingkungan yang meliputi faktor sosial ekonomi, sosial budaya serta kesadaran dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut.Pencegahan penyakit gigi dan mulut anak-anak sebaiknya dilakukan sedini mungkin, yaitu sejak gigi sulung mulai tumbuh karena kerusakaan gigi merupakan proses patologis yang bersifat irreversible. Bila kerusakan gigi dibiarkan berlanjut akan berakibat tidak baik bagi pertumbuhan gigi tetapnya, antara lain kerusakan pada benih gigi tetap akibat infeksi gigi sulung yang berlanjut dan tumbuhnya gigi tetap yang kurang teratur.Sampai saat ini di Indonesia belum ada indikator prevalensi karies gigi sulung maupun kebersihan mulut anakanak. Di samping itu penelitian di Indonesia mengenai hal tersebut di atas masih sangat sedikit.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menambah informasi tentang prevalensi karies gigi sulung dan tingkat kebersihan mulut anak-anak serta pengaruh faktor sosial ekonomi terhadap penyakit karies gigi dan kebersihan mulut anak-anak usia prasekolah yang ditinjau dari faktor pendapatan keluarga pendidikan ibu, status kerja ibu dan perilaku ibu yang berhubungan dengankesehatan gigi dan mulut anaknya.Penelitian dilakukan dalam lingkup kecil yaitu pada anak-anak di Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) Putra sebanyak 7 buah di Wilayah Jabotabek yang dikelola oleh Yayasan pendidikan Putra di lingkungan Departemen Pekerjaan Umum.Metoda penelitian yang digunakan adalah survai diskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sejumlah 165 sampel diambil secara acak proporsional dan acak sederhana. Cara pengambilan data melalui pemeriksaan gigi dan mulut langsung pada anak-anak dan wawancara dengan ibu anak-anak tersebut.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi karies gigi anak-anak TK Putra cukup tinggi (90,97) dengan rata-rata def-t 7,5 dan indeks kebersihan mulut rata-rata sedang (0,97). Hasil penelitian tersebut menyatakan adanya pengaruh faktor sosial ekonomi dan kebersihan mulut terhadap karies gigi walaupun dalam korelasi yang lemah. Dari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tersebut ternyata kebersihan mulut merupakan faktor yang mendominasi faktor lainnya.Untuk mencegah risiko terjadinya karies gigi sulung perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan kebersihan mulut, peningkatan pengetahuan serta kesadaran para orang tua anakanak TK Putra akan pentingnya pencegahan penyakit karies gigi sedini mungki, yaitu melalui penyuluhan dan pemeriksaan secara teratur yang dilaksanakan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang terlatih dari lingkungan Departetnen PU serta melakukan perawatan secara singkat dan sederhana bagi anak-anak yang telah menderita karies gigi."