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"Proses ekstraksi minyak kelapa dapat dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan suatu inokulum (mikroba) ke dalam larutan santan dan diinkubasi pada suhu kamar. Minyak yang dihasilkan berupa minyak kelapa murni atau disebut juga minyak kelapa ekstrak dingin. "

"Buah kelapa di tingkat petani umumnya diolah menjadi kopra. Namun dengan menurunnya harga kopra maka pendapatan petani dari mengolah kelapa menjadi kopra sangat rendah...."

"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain quasi eksperimen post test only yang bertujuan untuk membuktikan efektifitas pencegahan luka tekan grade I menggunakan VCO dengan pijat pada klien yang berisiko mengalami luka tekan di Unit Bedah, Rumah Sakit AB, Provinsi Lampung. Hasil uji Fisher exact dan regresi logistik berganda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kejadian luka tekan pada klien yang dirawat menggunakan VCO dengan pijat dibandingkan dengan klien yang dirawat tanpa VCO (p= 0,033; α= 0,05; OR= 0,733; 95% CI 0,540 ? 0,995) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Disarankan kepada perawat agar dapat melakukan pijat menggunakan VCO, sebagai salah satu intervensi mandiri keperawatan dalam intervensi pencegahan luka tekan pada klien yang berisiko mengalami luka tekan.

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This study is a quantitative research design with quasi experiments post test only that aim to prove the effectiveness of prevention pressure ulcer grade I using VCO with a massage on clients at risk of developing pressure ulcer at Surgical Unit, AB Hospital, Lampung Province. The results of Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression showed a difference in the incidence of pressure ulcer on clients who were treated using VCO with a massage than clients who were treated without VCO (p= 0,033; α= 0,05; OR= 0,733; 95% CI 0,540-0,995) after controlled by variable body mass index (BMI). It is recommended to nurses in order to do massage using VCO, as one of the nursing independent intervention in pressure ulcer prevention interventions on clients at risk of developing pressure ulcer."

"The thirteen isolates amylolitic microbes had been tested their ability to extract the oil from "Coconut milk" and nine of them could break the emulsion and separated the oil from the water and protein...."

"Luka tekan merupakan isu asuhan keperawatan yang sering terjadi di rumah sakit atau pelayanan kesehatan karena dapat menyebabkan berbagai kerugian. Kerusakan kulit akibat luka tekan terutama pada anak dapat menyebabkan peningkatan biaya dan waktu rawat di rumah sakit. Oleh karena itu, pencegahan luka tekan perlu dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan khususnya perawat.Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk memberi gambaran asuhan keperawatan klien dengan risiko luka tekan dan mengidentifikasi keefektifan pemberian virgin coconut oil untuk mencegah luka tekan. Identifikasi risiko luka tekan dilakukan dengan skala Braden Q. Intervensi dilakukan pada klien yang memiliki risiko luka tekan dengan pemberian virgin coconut oil VCO dengan memandikan menggunakan air hangat sebelumnya disertai pemijatan pada area yang berisiko mengalami luka tekan.Hasil dari intervensi yang dilakukan adalah luka tekan pada klien dapat dicegah. Perawat bersama dengan keluarga dapat melakukan pemberian VCO sebagai intervensi untuk mencegah luka tekan.

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Name Hanun Isna MutiaStudy programme Nursing scienceTitle Analysis of Nursing Care for Client with Risk of Pressure Ulcer with Virgin Coconut Oil in Infectious Disease Ward RSUPN Cipto MangunkusumoPressure ulcer is a nursing care issue that often occur in hospitals or health care because they can cause a variety of losses. Skin damage caused by pressure ulcer especially in children can lead to increased costs and time nurse at the hospital. Therefore, prevention of pressure ulcer should be done by health workers, especially nurses.

This paper aims to provide an overview of nursing care for clients with risk of pressure ulcer and identify the effectiveness of the administration of virgin coconut oil to prevent pressure ulcer. Risk identification of pressure ulcer can be assesed with Braden Q scale. Intervention carried out on clients who have a risk of pressure ulcer by administering virgin coconut oil VCO with warm water bathing and massage on the area at risk of developing pressure ulcer.

The results of the interventions are pressure sores on the client can be prevented. Nurses with the family can do VCO Award as interventions to prevent pressure sores. Nurses with the family can do provision of VCO as interventions to prevent pressure ulcer."

"Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) diolah dengan pemanasan pada suhu rendah atau tanpa melalui proses pemanasan, sehingga produk yang dihasilkan murni, alami dan mempunyai stabilitas yang tinggi. VCO mengandung asam lemak jenuh, terutama asam lemak jenuh rantai sedang. Untuk menganalisis kandungan asam lemak tersebut digunakan metode kromatografi gas dengan terlebih dahulu diderivatisasi menggunakan reagen pemetilasi (metanol-toluen-asam sulfat pekat).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan kadar asam laurat dan asam miristat pada VCO dengan kondisi analisis optimum campuran metil laurat dan metil miristat pada tekanan gas pembawa 80 kPa, suhu injektor 200ºC, suhu detektor 200ºC, menggunakan pemrograman suhu dengan suhu awal 80ºC dipertahankan selama 5 menit sampai suhu 150ºC dipertahankan selama 10 menit dan menggunakan heksan sebagai pelarut.Dari 3 sampel yang diperiksa, kandungan asam laurat dan asam miristat pada sampel A berturut-turut sebesar (48,49 ±0,7134)%b/b dan (13,75 ±1,4971)%b/b, sampel B berturut-turut sebesar (43,91±0,2787)%b/b dan (12,19±0,9200)%b/b, dan sampel C berturut-turut sebesar (43,52±0,8944)%b/b dan (10,58±0,1626)%b/b.

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Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is produced with heating by low temperature or without heat processing, this results in a pure, natural, and highly stable. VCO are contain of saturated fat with medium chain, also called mediumchain fatty acids. To analyze saturated fat contents, the gas chromatography methods is used by derivatization with methylating agent (methanol-toluensulfuric acid).

This research is purposed to determine the lauric acid and myristic acid contents in virgin coconut oil with optimum analytical condition of methyl laurate and methyl myristic with 80 kPa carrier gas pressure, 200ºC injector temperature, 200ºC detector temperature within temperature programmed with beginning temperature is 80ºC which maintaining for 5 minutes until the temperature 150ºC that maintaining for 10 minutes and using hexan as a solvent.

From the 3 samples, contain lauric acid and myristic acid in sample A with contents are (48,49 ±0,7134)%b/b and (13,75 ±1,4971)%b/b, in sample B with contents are (43,91±0,2787)%b/b dan (12,19±0,9200)%b/b and in sample C with contents are (43,52±0,8944)%b/b dan (10,58±0,1626)%b/b."

"Pendahuluan: Hilangnya penjangkaran dan relaps pada perawatan ortodontik menjadi hal yang dapat menyebabkan kegagalan perawatan ortodonti dalam jangka panjang. Pemberian gel emulsi berbahan dasar minyak Zoledronate Bisphosphonate (ZOL) dan campuran Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) secara topikal memiliki potensi meningkatkan apoptosis osteoklas sehingga dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif penjangkaran dan pencegahan relaps. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui stabilitas fisik dan kadar obat gel emulsi ZOL dengan VCO sebagai syarat suatu sediaan dan pengembangan obat baru pada penyimpanan suhu ruangan (25°C) dan suhu pengiriman (40°C). Metode: Gel emulsi disimpan selama 1 bulan pada suhu 25°C dan 40°C. Parameter pengukuran stabilitas, antara lain pH, viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat, dan kadar obat. Evaluasi dilakukan pada hari pertama, 7, 14, dan 28. Hasil: Uji repeated measure ANOVA pada penyimpanan suhu 25°C dan 40°C menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada parameter pH, viskositas, daya lekat, dan kadar obat antar waktu penyimpanan (p<0,05). Pada parameter kadar obat pada penyimpanan suhu 25°C dan 40°C tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar waktu penyimpanan (p>0,05). Sementara, pada penyimpanan gel emulsi ZOL antara suhu 25°C dan 40°C dengan uji t-test independent menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH pada hari ke-7 dan 14, nilai viskositas pada hari ke-14, nilai daya lekat pada hari ke-7, dan nilai kadar pada hari ke-7 dan 14 berbeda bermakna (p>0.05). Sebaliknya, nilai viskositas pada hari ke-7, daya sebar, dan daya lekat pada hari ke- 14 tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik (p>0.05). Kesimpulan: Gel emulsi zoledronate dengan VCO yang disimpan pada suhu 25°C selama 28 hari relatif stabil. Namun perubahan pada nilai pada uji stabilitas relatif konstan dan dalam batas normal mukosa rongga mulut. Gel emulsi zoledronate yang disimpan pada suhu 40°C selama 28 hari disimpulkan tidak stabil.

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Introduction: Loss of anchorage and relapse during and after orthodontic treatment could be the leading causes of an unsuccessful result of orthodontic treatment. Various intra and extra oral application have been used to prevent anchorage loss and relapse in orthodontics with some risks and patient dependent compliance. Topical application of gel emulsion Zoledronate Bisphosphonate (ZOL) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has a potential to increase the apoptosis of osteoclast to prevent undesirable tooth movement. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the physical stability and drug content of gel emulsion zoledronate, VCO, and preservative agent as a new pharmaceutical drug for one month, stored in a room temperature (25°C) and distribution temperature (40°C). The parameters used for evaluation of ZOL gel emulsion are pH value, viscosity, spread ability, adhesive strength, and drug content. Methods: The ingredients of ZOL gel emulsion consisted of ZOL powder, carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), VCO, sodium benzoate, antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and distilled water. The gel emulsions stored for one month at 25°C and 40°C. The parameters used for stability tests were pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesive strength, and drug content. The ZOL gel emulsion was evaluated on the 1st day, 7th day, 14th day, and 28th day. Results: The result of this study showed that ZOL gel emulsion was clinically stable over 28 days of storage at 25°C. As for the ZOL gel emulsion that stored at 40°C on the 28th day the gel was not stable. Also, there was no significant difference between ZOL gel emulsion at 25°C and 40°C storage. Conclusion: According to the physical stability and drug content test of ZOL gel emulsion, this study concluded that the ZOL gel emulsion stable in the room temperature (25°C) storage. Organoleptic, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesive strength value was also stable and the degradation was constant. It is recommended that the storage of ZOL gel emulsion is in room temperature and also well tightly packed."

"Insiden ruam popok pada balita di Indonesia mencapai 30% per tahun. VCO memiliki struktur biokimia yang baik untuk penyembuhan ruam popok. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh VCO terhadap derajat ruam popok. Sebanyak 36 balita diambil secara consecutive sampling dan dibagi ke dalam kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi-experimental dengan pretest-posttest control group. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan Diaper Dermatitis Severity Intensity Score (DDIS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap derajat ruam popok pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol (p = 0,000). Oleh karena itu, penggunaan VCO diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu standar perawatan ruam popok pada balita.

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Incidence of diaper rash in Indonesia reached 30% per year. VCO has a biochemical structure that is good for healing wounds. This study aimed to identify the effect of VCO on the degree of diaper rash. A total of 36 children were taken by consecutive sampling and were divided into intervention and control groups. This study design is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group. The research instrument used Diaper Dermatitis Severity Intensity Score (DDIS). The results showed there is a significant difference in the degree of diaper rash in the intervention group and the control group (p = 0.000). Therefore, the use of VCO is expected to become one of the standard treatment of diaper rash in children under five."

"Diare tergolong sebagai penyakit endemis yang merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian balita. Sanitasi lingkungan dan hygiene yang buruk menjadi penyebab terbanyak terjadinya diare pada masyarakat perkotaan. Protein dan lipase pada feses yang bersifat iritan, kulit yang basah menjadi lebih mudah ditembus oleh bakteri dan virus akibat kontak dengan feses berkepanjangan, menyebabkan ruam popok menjadi salah satu masalah yang menyertai diare. Virgin coconut oil VCO dapat menjadi pilihan intervensi nonfarmakologi pada ruam popok yang ketika dioleskan pada ruam akan bereaksi dengan bakteri membentuk asamlemak rantai bebas yang berfungsi melindungi kulit dari patogen. Asam laurat yang terdapat didalamnya bersifat antibakteri, antiviral, antiinflamasi, dan anti alergi sehingga mempercepat proses penyembuhan ruam popok.Penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan asuhan keperawatan pada anak diare disertai ruam popok dan menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan VCO pada ruam popok. Hasil karya ilmiah ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian VCO efektif dalam proses penyembuhan ruam popok dibuktikan dengan penurunan derajat ruam popok setelah dilakukan intervensi.

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Diarrhea is classified as endemic disease which is one of the main causes of underfive mortality. Poor sanitation and hygiene are the most common causes of diarrhea in urban communities. Irritant proteins and lipases in feces, wet skin become more easily penetrated by bacteria and viruses due to prolonged contact with feces, causing diaper rash to be one of the problems that accompany diarrhea. Virgin coconut oil VCO may be the choice of nonpharmacologic intervention in diaper rash which when applied to the rash will react with bacteria to form a chain free acid chain that protects the skin from pathogens. Lauric acid contained therein are antibacterial, antiviral, anti inflammatory, and anti allergic to accelerate the process of healing diaper rash.

This paper aims to describe nursing care in diarrhea children with diaper rash and to analyze the effectiveness of VCO use in diaper rash. The results of this paper show that the use of VCO is effective in the process of healing diaper rash as evidenced by the decrease in the degree of diaper rash after intervention."

"There is an information how to identify hydrocarbon degrading bacteria for bioremediation of marine oil spill. We have Bioremediation treatment for degradation of oil spill on Pari island and need two kind of experiment there are tanks experiment (sampling 0 to 90 days) and semi enclosed system (sampling 0 to 150 days). Biostimulation with nutrients (N and P) was done to analyze biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds. Experiment design using fertilizer Super IB and Linstar will stimulate bacteria can degrade oil, n-alkane, and alkane as poly aromatic hydrocarbon. The bacteria communities were monitored and analyzed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and Clone Library; oil chemistry was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was extracted from colonies of bacteria and sequence determination of the 16S rDNA was amplified by primers U515f and U1492r. Strains had been sequence and had similarity about 90-99% to their closest taxa by homology Blast search and few of them suspected as new species. The results showed that fertilizers gave a significant effect on alkane, PAH and oil degradation in tanks experiment but not in the field test. Dominant of the specific bacteria on this experiment were Alcanivorax, Marinobacter and Prosthecochloris."