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"The purpose of this study is to examine vertical dimension changes after orthodontic treatment involving the extractions of maxillary and mandibular first premolar. Records of 33 patients consecutively selected consist of 30 females and 3 males with class I malrelation of 14 subjects class ll malrelation of 19 subjects. 19 subject were treated with Edgewise technique and 14 sublects were treated with Begg technique. Mean chronologic age was 20-33 years with the range between 16 and 30 years old. The vertical dimensional changes were measured by three angular and eight linier parameters of pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs. The measurements were analyzed for statistical difference by paired t test. There was statistically significant difference in SNMP, FMPA, anterior face height, lower anterior face height, upper anterior dental height, lower anterior dental height, upper posterior dental height, lower posterior dental height. But there was no statistically difference in Y-axis, upper anterior face height and posterior face height."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kehilangan gigi dan trauma oklusi merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung penyebab penyakit periodontal. Belum ada penelitian mengenai analisis kehilangan gigi molar pertama mandibula terhadap trauma oklusi dan status periodontal di Indonesia. Tujuan: Memperoleh analisis kehilangan gigi molar pertama mandibula terhadap trauma oklusi dan status periodontal. Metode: Studi retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dengan pendekatan potong lintang dari rekam medik Departemen Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI periode 2012-2017. Hasil: Didapatkan 184 subjek yang mengalami kehilangan gigi molar pertama (M1) mandibula dengan jumlah kasus trauma oklusi terjadi pada 42 gigi premolar kedua (P2) mandibula dan 63 gigi molar kedua (M2) mandibula. Trauma oklusi yang terjadi pada P2 dan M2 mandibula memiliki nilai resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan keadaan tidak trauma oklusi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) nilai resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis antara gigi P2 mandibula trauma oklusi dengan tidak trauma oklusi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) nilai resesi gingiva dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis antara gigi M2 mandibula trauma oklusi dengan tidak trauma oklusi. Kesimpulan: Kehilangan gigi M1 mandibula dengan trauma oklusi berpengaruh terhadap resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis pada gigi P2 dan M2 mandibula.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Tooth loss and trauma from occlusion are kind of factors that contributing in periodontal disease. There has been no research on the analysis of mandibular first molar loss to trauma from occlusion and periodontal status in Indonesia. Objective: Get the analysis of mandibular first molar loss to trauma from occlusion and periodontal status. Method: A cross-sectional study using medical records in Department of Periodontics RSKGM FKG UI 2012-2017. Result: There were 184 subjects that had mandibular first molar (M1) loss with total 42 mandibular second premolar (P2) and 63 mandibular second molar (M2) cases related to trauma from occlusion (TFO). Gingival recession, pocket depth, and loss of attachment of P2 and M2 mandibular teeth with TFO were worse than non-TFO. There were statically significant differences (p<0,05) of gingival recession, pocket depth, and loss of attachment between P2 mandibular teeth with TFO and non-TFO groups. There were statically significant differences (p<0,05) of gingival recession and loss of attachment between M2 mandibular teeth with TFO and non-TFO groups. Conclusion:  Mandibular first molar loss with trauma from occlusion is related to gingival recession, pocket depth, and lost of attachment on mandibular second premolar and mandibular second molar."

"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of maxillary and mandibular sagital position relative to cranial base. The subject of this research was patients with bimaxillary protrusion having orthodontic treatment and four first premolars extraction. The maxillary and mandibular position changes were measured by angular and linier parameters. Angular parameter as described by Steiner's analysis were SNA and SNB angles. Linier parameter as described by McNamara's analysis were point A nad Pogonion relatives to nasion perpendicular. The results of both groups was compared statistically and differences quantified using paired t-test. There was no significant changes in position of maxilla relatives to cranial base. On the other hand, significant changes were found in position of mandibula relatives to cranial base."

"Alveolar osteitis (AO) continues to be a significant postoperative problem associated with the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. This study aims to investigate the prevalence differences of AO between female and male patients with postoperative surgical removal of these teeth. An ex post facto approach was used, with a total of 60 cases of removed impacted third molars recorded from 24 female and 38 male patients. an incidence of AO was defined to imply a painful condition that occurs after the surgical removal of teeth, usually beginning 3 to 5 days after surgery. Also, on examination the tooth socket appears to be empty with a partially or completely lost blood clot, and the bone surfaces of the socket are exposed. The results were analyzed using Chi-square test and showed significant differences in the prevalence of AO between male and female patients (a < 0.05). The prevalence of AO was 41.7% in female and 16.7% in male patients. In conclusion, female patients show a significantly higher prevalence of AO than male patients."

"A factor to pay attention to in orthodontic treatment is the inclination of upper and lower incisives. The inclination could be evaluated from interincisal angle and angle of upper incisive (UI) with cranium base (SN). This research is to evaluate those angles after the retraction of upper and lower incisives on malocclusion class I with bimaxillary prostrusion. In total, 34 samples were treated using edgewise system. The results show that mean for UI ? LI is 138.06°±1.47°, and for UI ? SN 95.97°±1.27°."

"PENDAHULUAN Penelitian atau studi Tentang Impaksi Mahasiswa Fakultes Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia Tahun 1985 telah mengambil mahasiswa sebagai subyek penelitian sebanyak 100 orang dari populasi sebanyak 500 orang. Sampel diambil secara random baik laki-laki maupun perempuan dengan proporsi seimbang dengan jumlah populasi. Objek pengamatan hanya dibatasi pada molar tiga bawah, di periksa secara intra oral dan pengamatan rontgent foto. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat gambaran seberapa jauh penyebaran impaksi pada mahasiswa FKGUI dan melihat karakteristik molar tiga bawah impaksi menurut gambaran kelas, posisi, hubungan sumbu dan simetris kiri dan kanan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan berapa luasnya impaksi yang terjadi pada subyek penelitian, yaitu mencapai setengah dari jumlah sampel yang diambil. Karakteristik impaksi pada mahasiswa FKGUI memperlihatkan gambaran adanya ketidakseimbangan pertumbuhan antara rahang kiri dan kanan pada mahasiswa perempuan sehingga impaksi yang terjadi lebih berat pada rahang sebelah kanan. Namun dalam penelitian pendahuluan ini belum dilakukan penelitian sebab-sebab mengapa terjadi ketidakseimbangan pertumbuhan molar tiga bawah tersebut. Gigi molar tiga bawah baik kiri maupun kanan adalah gigi yang paling sering mengalami kesulitan erupsi yang memungkinkan terjadinya komplikasi seperti infeksi, rasa sakit atau fraktur rahang. Gigi molartiga bawah yang erupsi sebagian, akan membentuk ruangan antara jaringan lunak dan mahkota gigi. Ruangan ini akan menyebabkan retensi sisa-sisa makanan yang sulit dibersihkan, dan merupakan .tempat yang baik bagi berkembang biaknya kuman-kuman karena suasananya yang lembab dan gelap. Bila terkena trauma, sekalipun kecil seperti pada waktu menyikat gigi, dapat menimbulkan infeksi. infeksi ini dapat berupa pericoronitis, bila keadaannya melanjut dapat menjadi osteomyelitis Rasa sakit yang terjadi akibat gigi molar tiga yang tidak erupsi dapat menjalar sampai teling. Sedangkan fraktur rahang dapat terjadi karena gigi yang impaksi itu menempati sebagian besar tulang rahang. Pada kenyataannya, impaksi molar tiga bawah ini menyebabkan keluhan-keluhan subyektif pada penderita terutama rasa sakit yang ditimbulkan. Pada pengamatan kllnis penderita yang datang baik di poliklinik FKGUI maupun RSCM, diperoleh gambaran bahwa adanya berbagai macam impaksi baik posisi, klasifikasi, hubungan sumbu panjang molar tiga bawah dengan molar dua bawah serta keadaan simetrisitasnya. "

"Impacted third mandibular molar seems as a common and easy case but actually a difficult one when the odontectomy proceeds. besides, another unpredicted problems ofte appear such as fractured lip, traumatized and damaged of the mandibular canal. To decide the odontectomy procedure, a dentist has to do the examination systematically. In this case, radiographic examination is very important to perceive the location as well as shape of the third molar, especially its position to the adjacent anatomic structure that has to be considered during operation. This whole view will help dentist to decide appropriate approach.A special radiographic examination enables dentist to predict the treatment result more accurately, since the location and shape of the tooth correctly perceived. With this more complete diagnostic information, an appropriate treatment plan could be arranged and unfavorable risk could be limited, therefore complication and failure could be avoided."

"Background: health condition in children has remarkable effect on oral health. Audiotory limitation in deaf children makes them obtain less information, including information of oral and dental health. Most individuals with deafness have poor oral hygiene compared to that in normal children, making them more vulnerable to caries, particularly on mandibular permanent first molars, since these teeth erupted first, so that they have the longest presence within mouth. Objective: to identify the difference of the number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in deaf and non-deaf children. Methods: analytic observational study using cross-sectional approach from May to June 2009. Population comprised deaf and non-deaf students. Samples were taken using purposive sampling, resulting in 112 samples, each group comprised 56 samples. Materials: nierbecken, sonde, oral mirror, pinset, petri dish, 20% alcohol, cotton roll, cotton pelet, and aquadest. Data analysis was done using Chi-Square test. Result: The number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in deafness group was 24 teeth, while that in non-deafness group was 13 teeth. Chi-Square test revealed difference in the number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in children with deafness and non-deafness. Conclusion: There is difference in the number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in deaf and non-deaf children."

"Pendahuluan : Overjet yang besar pada maloklusi kelas II divisi 1 ditengarai mampumenimbulkan gangguan pada sendi temporomandibula. Perawatan ortodontik denganpencabutan dua gigi premolar bertujuan untuk memperbaiki profil sertamenyeimbangkan oklusi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perubahanposisi kondilus sebelum dan sesudah perawatan ortodontik.Metode : Digunakan 60 foto transkranial sebelum dan sesudah perawatan ortodontik.Subjek penelitian dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi berupa kasus maloklusi kelas IIdivisi 1, ANB ³ 50, overjet ³ 6 mm, memiliki gangguan sendi temporomandibulasebelum perawatan ortodontik dimulai serta memiliki foto transkranial. Evaluasi posisikondilus dilakukan dengan mengukur jarak Anterior Joint Space, Posterior Joint Spacedan Superior Space yang diterjemahkan menjadi posisi supero-anterior dan posisi nonsupero-anterior pada kondilus kanan dan kiri. Perubahan posisi kondilus sebelum dansesudah perawatan ortodontik diuji menggunakan Mc Nemar.Hasil : Diketahui bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) posisi kondilus sebelumdan sesudah perawatan ortodontik pada kasus maloklusi kelas II divisi 1 denganpencabutan dua gigi premolar. 19 subjek memiliki posisi supero-anterior pada kondiluskanan dan kiri sebelum dan sesudah perawatan, sedangkan 11 subjek memiliki posisi nonsupero-anterior pada kondilus kanan dan kiri sebelum dan sesudah perawatan.Kesimpulan : Perawatan ortodontik disertai pencabutan dua gigi premolar menyebabkanperubahan posisi kondilus, namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik. Sebelum dansesudah perawatan ortodontik, sebagian besar kondilus tetap berada di posisi superoanterior.Sesudah perawatan ortodontik, gejala berupa rasa tidak nyaman saat membukamulut lebar dan keterbatasan membuka mulut sudah hilang, sedangkan gejala berupakliking dan krepitasi masih ada.

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Introduction : Increased overjet in malocclusion class II div 1 leads totemporomandibular joint dysfunction. Orthodontic treatment with upper premolarsextraction is due to correct profile and to harmonize occlusion. This paper will analyzealteration condylar position before and after orthodontic treatment.Methods : Transcranial projection was performed of 60 radiographs (30 radiographbefore and 30 radiograph after orthodontic treatment). Subjects were choosed based oninclusion criteria : malocclusion class II div 1, ANB ³ 50, overjet ³ 6 mm, patient hadtemporomandibular symptoms before orthodontic treatment, and all patients hadtranscranial radiograph. Condylar position was determined according to Anterior JointSpace, Posterior Joint Space and Superior Space which convert to supero-anteriorposition condyle right and left and non supero-anterior position condyle right and left.The Mc Nemar Test was used to analyze the data.Results : No statistically significant (p>0,05) alteration condyle position before and afterorthodontic treatment with extraction upper premolar. 19 subjects had supero-anteriorcondyle position, before and after orthodontic treatment and 11 subjects had non superoanteriorcondyle position before and after orthodontic treatment.Conclusion : The results of this study showed that orthodontic treatment with extractionupper premolars cause alteration condylar positions, but not statistically significant.Before and after orthodontic treatment, most of all condyles showed in superoanteriorpositions."

"ABSTRAKPencabutan gigi untuk keperluan perawatan ortodonti telah menjadi perdebatan selama bertahun-tahun. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, maka telah dilakukan studi pendahuluan untuk melihat "Kecenderungan perawatan ortodonti dengan pencabutan gigi ditinjau dari faktor usia, jenis kelamin dan maloklusi " pada pasien ortodonti di Jakarta periode tahun 1993 - 1995.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perawatan ortodonti dengan pencabutan cenderung meningkat pada periode tersebut, meskipun prosentasenya masih dalam rentangan 25 % - 85 % . Pasien perempuan jumlahnya lebih banyak daripada laki-laki. Pada penelitian ini terlihat bahwa kelompok umur 13-17 tahun adalah yang terbanyak mendapat perawatan ortodonti dan maloklusi yang terbanyak dijumpai adalah maloklusi klas I .Angka prevalensi dan data-data yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa pencabutan cukup sering menjadi pilihan dalam melakukan perawatan ortodonti, meskipun pasien masih berusia muda dan maloklusi bersifat dental."