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"Background : Topical fluoridation recently is still the main caries prevention method. Fluoride application on enamel surface is aimed to convert the hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal to fluoroapatite (FA) orhydroxyfluoroapatie (HFA) form. Fluoride retention and intrusion onto enamel after Fluoride application, therefore, are the most important factors to ensure the formation of FA and HFA crystals. Natural Fluoridesources can be obtained from sea fishes, like teri (anchovy) fish. Teri medan (S baganensis) and teri jengki (S insularis) are the most pupolar teri fishes in Indonesia, and they are known 10 have high fluoridecontent. 17-34 ppm. This research objectives are to measure fluoride retention and intrusion on enamel surface after application using teri medan and teri jengki substrate. Material and Method : 8 extractedthird impacted molars were used. During the research, those teeth are immersed in ono-ionic aquadest (aquadem). Each tooth were cut bucco-lingually and mesio-diastally to obtain 4 enamel specimens. Thespecimens (totally 32) the divided into 3 major groups. 12 each for EDS group and intrusion groups and 8 for control. The EDS group divided Into 2 sub-groups for application with teri medan and teri jengki.Similar procedure were done for intrusion and control groups. All EDS and intrusion specimens then immersed in the 5% teri substrate for 5 minutes. Flushed with aquadem, then stored in aquadem for 3 hours. Procedure above then repeated 26 times. Control specimens were immersed in saline for 5 minutes, before flush and stored in the aquadem solution. All the EDS specimens examinated using LEOScanning and micro analysis electron microscope. Intrusion groups evaluated with Olypus BX41TF fluorescence mocroscope. Results uorescence microscope. Results fluoride retention for teri jengki groups is 5.28%, and for teri medan group is 3.26%, while for control group is 1.94%. Fluoride intrusion for teri jengki group is 11.48 um, terimedan 8.74 um, and for control group is 0.84 um. Anova and Bonferroni test showed different result between experiment and control group and between teri jengki and teri medan group, both for retentionand intrusion examinations. Conclusion : based in this research, it can be concluded that teri jengki and teri medan fishes substrate give better result on fluoride retention and intrusion on enamel surface,compared to the control group. Application using teri jengki substrale gives better fluoride retention and intrusion on enamel surface compare to the teri medan substrate appllication"

"Pendahuluan: Ikan teri jengki (Stolephorus insularis) mengandung fluor dalam bentuk senyawa CaF2.Tujuan: Menganalisis perubahan kekerasan mikro permukaan email setelah pemberian ikan teri jengki.Metode: Perlakuan dilakukan pada 9 gigi tikus Sprague dawley yang terbagi menjadi kelompok baseline, perlakuan pakan teri, perlakuan oles larutan teri, kontrol negatif pakan, dan kontrol negatif akuades.Hasil: Nilai kekerasan Vickers pemberian ikan teri jengki metode pakan (440.30 ± 24.72) dan oles (510.32 ± 35.72) lebih tinggi bermakna daripada kontrolnya (315.80 ± 17.51) dan (347.28 ± 28.56).Kesimpulan: Penggunaan ikan teri jengki metode oles lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kekerasan email dibandingkan metode pemberian pakan.

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Introductions: Anchovies (Stolephorus insularis) contain high enough fluor in the form of CaF2.Aim: To analyze the alteration of enamel microhardness after anchovy substrate application.Method: Treatment was done on 9 incisors of Sprague dawley rats, comprised from groups which were baseline, feeding application, topical application, negative control of feeding, and negative control of topical.Results: Vickers hardness number of anchovies consumption by feeding (440.3 ± 24.72) and topical solution (510.32 ± 35.72) is statistically higher than its negative control (315.80 ± 17.51) and (347.28 ± 28.56).Conclusion: The use of anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) by topical is proven more effective in increasing the microhardness of tooth enamel surface."

"ABSTRAKSilver Diammine Fluoride SDF memiliki kandungan fluor yang diketahui dapat menghambat proses demineralisasi email gigi dan dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi ion fluor dalam saliva dan urin. Tujuan : Menganalisis konsentrasi ion fluor dalam urin setelah aplikasi SDF pada email gigi. Metode: Urin dari empat subjek penelitian dikumpulkan sesaat sebelum, 30 menit setelah, 2 jam dan 3 jam setelah aplikasi SDF dan dianalisis konsentrasi ion fluornya dengan menggunakan alat Ion Selective Electrode. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara waktu 1 dan waktu 2, waktu 1 dan waktu 3, waktu 1 dan waktu 4, waktu 2 dan waktu 3 p>0.05 serta terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara waktu 2 dan waktu 4 serta waktu 3 dan waktu 4 p

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ABSTRAKBackground Silver Diammine Fluoride SDF , which content fluoride is known to inhibit tooth enamel demineralization process and increase fluoride concentration in saliva and urine. Objective Analyzing the fluoride concentration in urine after application of SDF on tooth enamel. Methods Urine from four subjects were collected prior to application, 30 minutes after, 2 hours and 3 hours after application of SDF and use Ion Selective Electrode to measured the fluoride concentration. Result There is no significant difference between time 1 and time 2, time 1 and time 3, time 1 and time 4, time 2 and 3 p 0.05 and there is a significant difference between time 2 and time 4 also time 3 and time 4 p "

"Pada pasien pasca operasi paralisis otot - otot kandung kemih menyebabkanterjadinya retensi urine. Salah satu tindakan perawatan untuk mengatasinya denganmelakukan ambulasi dini, namun efektifitas dari ambulasi dini belum bisa dibuktikan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ambulasi dini pada pasienpasca operasi dengan spinal anestesi. Desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi, denganprosedur analisis statistik menggunakan uji Chi Square. Pengambilan sampel dengansistem purposive sampling, yaitu metode pengambilan sampel dengan pertimbangantertentu. Jumlah sampel yang bersedia dan berhasil di observasi sebanyak 16 orang,sampel diambil di Rumah Sakit Fatmawati dan Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta.Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan Iembar observasi yang telah disusun dandiberi petunjuk pengisiannya. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa dari 16sampel yang diobservasi, 11 pasien melakukan ambulasi dini pasca operasi dan 5orang tidak melakukan ambulasi dini atau melakukan ambulasi setelah 24 jam. Dari11 pasien yang melakukan ambulasi dini, 9 pasien (81.8%) mampu berkemih secaraspontan, dan hanya 2 pasien (18.2%) yang mengalami retensi urine. Sedangkan dari5 pasien yang melakukan ambulasi setelah 24 jam, 4 pasien (80%) mengalami retensiwine, dan hanya 1 pasien (20%) yang mampu berkemih spontan. Hasil analisisstatistik menggunakan uji Chi Square didapatkan p value : 0.036, dengan demikian pvalue < alpha ( 0.05 ). Sehingga keputusannya Ho ditolak, berarti dapat diambilkesimpulan ada pengaruh ambulasi dini terhadap retensi urine pada pasien pascaoperasi dengan spinal anestesi."

"Mengelola tingkat retensi karyawan merupakan tantangan bagi perusahaan dimana tingkat retensi yang tinggi akan mengoptimalkan efektivitas dan efisiensi perusahaan dengan mempertahankan karyawan yang berkualitas di perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara employer brand dan retensi karyawan dengan mengajukan dua variabel mediasi, yaitu employee engagement dan kepuasan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara employer brand dan retensi karyawan dengan mengajukan dua variabel mediasi, yaitu employee engagement dan kepuasan kerja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan SEM PLS sebagai metode analisis. Data diuji secara empiris dan berupa statistik deskriptif pada 180 responden yang merupakan karyawan pada PT E.P. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif antara employer brand dengan retensi karyawan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui employee engagement dan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel mediasi.

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Managing employee retention rates is a challenge for a company where a high retention rate will optimize the effectiveness and efficiency of the company by maintaining highly qualified employees in the company. This study aims is to analyze the relationship between employer brand and employee retention by proposing two mediating variables, namely employee engagement and job satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the relationship between employer brand and employee retention by proposing two mediating variables, namely employee engagement and job satisfaction. The research is a quantitative research that uses SEM PLS as an analytical method. The data were tested empirically and in the form of descriptive statistics on 180 respondents who were employees of PT E.P. The results of the study are expected to indicate a positive relationship between employer brand and employee retention, either directly or indirectly through employee engagement and job satisfaction as mediating variables."

"Penelitian ini membuktikan efektifitas teri jengki (Stolephorus insularis) sebagai fluoridasi gigi dengan acuan kedalaman intrusi fluor. Digunakan metode eksperimental laboratorik in vivo. Subjek 14 ekor tikus Sprague dawley dibagi menjadi kelompok baseline, kontrol negatif pakan, kontrol negatif oles, metode pakan teri, dan metode oles larutan teri. Setelah perlakuan 15 hari, gigi dipotong transversal, diproses untuk uji intrusi fluor menggunakan mikroskop fluoresensi. Didapatkan hasil peningkatan intrusi fluor pada kelompok eksperimental dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p<0,05). Intrusi fluor metode oles lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode pakan (p <0,05). Jadi, aplikasi teri jengki, baik lewat pengunyahan maupun pengolesan, meningkatkan intrusi fluor pada email.

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The effectiveness of anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) as a fluoridative agent is measured by depth of fluoride intrusion. This study used experimental laboratory method. 14 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into groups of baseline, experimental (feeding and smearing), and their negative controls. After 15 days, teeth were cut transversely and fluoride intrusions were observed using fluorescence microscope. There were increased fluoride intrusion in enamel of experimental groups compared to their negative controls (p<0.05). Fluoride intrusion of smearing group is higher than feeding group (p <0.05). Thus, application of anchovy substrate, either by chewing or smearing, increases fluoride intrusion in tooth enamel."

"Pada tahun 2009 TELKOM melakukan transformasi perusahaan. Perubahan juga terjadi didalam pengelolaan SDM untuk meningkatkan retensi karyawan. Dalam penelitian ini, reward dipilih sebagai variabel yang memiliki hubungan dengan retensi karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan reward dan retensi karyawan pada Divisi Multimedia PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk, Jakarta. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei yang menggunakan teknik total sampling terhadap seluruh karyawan Divisi Multimedia PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk yang berjumlah 60 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reward memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan sangat kuat dengan retensi karyawan.

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In 2009, TELKOM do the company transformation. Changes also occur in human resource management to improve employee retention. In this study, reward was chosen as a variable that has a correlation with employee retention. This study aims to determine the correlation of reward and retention of employees in the Multimedia Division of PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk, Jakarta. This study used the quantitative approach with a survey method that uses total sampling technique to all employees of the Division of PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk Multimedia, amounting to 60 respondents. The results showed that rewards have a significant and very strong correlation with employee retention."

"Skripsi ini membahas implementasi Jadwal Retensi Arsip di Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi Jadwal Retensi Arsip di Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan sehingga tercapainya pengelolaan arsip yang efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Informasi yang diperoleh dengan melakukan wawancara dengan unit-unit pengelola kearsipan di Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan fakta dilapangan bahwa implementasi Jadwal Retensi Arsip ini belum dilaksanakan secara merata dikarenakan masih ada unit-unit kearsipan yang belum melakukan penyusutan. Kurangnya kesadaran pimpinan yang menyebabkan permasalahan ini timbul. Jadwal Retensi Arsip dibuat tanpa diberikan fasilitas seperti sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung kegiatan kearsipan dan Sumber Daya Manusia masih ada yang tidak mengerti kearsipan atau tidak berlatar pendidikan kearsipan sehingga menyebabkan lambat dalam implementasi.

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This thesis describes about Implementation of the Records Retention Schedules in the Ministry of Education and Culture. The purpose of this research is knowing the implementation Schedule Retention Archives at the Ministry of education and culture trough they can to reach the effectiveness and efficient of records management and efficiency. This is qualitative research with case study methods. The information was taken by doing an interview with executive of archival unit in the ministry of education and culture. Information obtained by conducting interviews with archival management units in the Ministry of education and culture.

The results of this research reveal that fact in field implementation of The Records Retention Schedule has not been implemented because there are still evenly-archives that have not been doing depreciation. Lack of awareness of the leadership is the lead of the problems. Records Retention Schedule was made without any facilities and infrastructures that support the archival activities. Also human resources are still the one who don't understand the archival or not set archival education thus causing slow in implementation."

"Pemanfaatan sumber daya alam Indonesia seperti ikan teri jengki (Stolephorus insularis), yang mengandung konsentrasi fluor tinggi (CaF2), perlu dikembangkan untuk fluoridasi topikal. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik in vivo menggunakan 14 ekor tikus Sprague dawley yang dibagi menjadi kelompok baseline, kontrol negatif pakan, kontrol negatif pengolesan, perlakuan pemberian pakan, dan perlakuan pengolesan larutan teri. Setelah 15 hari, gigi dipotong dan dianalisa dengan EDX. Terdapat peningkatan kadar retensi fluor pada email gigi kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p<0.05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan retensi fluor antar kelompok perlakuan (p>0.05). Maka pemberian substrat ikan teri jengki, baik lewat pengunyahan maupun pengolesan, meningkatkan retensi fluor pada email.

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Usage of Indonesian resource like anchovy (Stolephorus insularis), which contains high fluoride concentration (CaF2), needs to be pursued as of topical fluoridative agent. This experimental laboratory in vivo research used 14 Sprague dawley rats which were divided into baseline, experimental (feeding and smearing), and their negative control groups. After 15 days, teeth were extracted and analyzed using EDX. There were increased fluoride retention on enamel of experimental groups compared to negative control groups (p<0.05). Fluoride retention levels in both experimental groups were not different (p>0.05). Thus, anchovy substrate application, either by chewing or smearing, increases fluoride retention on tooth enamel."