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"Several studies in Indonesia have attempted to correlate nutritional status with dental caries. The aim of this study was to find out the relation between nutritional status and dental caries disease of schoolchildren aged 9 - 14 years in Karangantu and Pamarican II elementary schools. The study design was cross-sectional with 200 students as respondents. Antropometry was used to measure nutritional status, and status of dental caries was measured by using DMF-T index. The correlation and differences of these variables were analyzed by using Anova and T-test. The results showed there was no correlation between nutritional status and dental caries (p>0.01). The implied conclusion is that food intake of students did not have significant effect on the breakout of caries."

"Penyakit gigi berlubang (caries) merupakan penyakit gigi yang masih banyak ditemukan di masyarakat. Terjadinya penyakit ini disebabkan banyak faktor dimana waktu sikat gigi yang tidak sesuai merupakan faktar resiko untuk terjadinya karies gigi.WHO menetapkan indeks DMF-T sebagai indeks yang mengukur tingkat keparahan karies dimana kriteria pengukuran dilakukan pada kelompok anak berumur 12 tahun. Adapun target berdasarkan (Dit.Kes.Gi.'2000) bahwa indeks DMF-T sampai tahun 2010 secara Nasional kurang dari 2 dan WHO kurang dari 1Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode desain potong lintang (crass sectional) di mana tujuannya untuk mengetahui hubungan waktu sikat gigi dengan tingkat keparahan karies. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh murid sekolah dasar kelas 4 dan 5 di kecamatan Tanah Abang Jakarta Pusat dan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 259 orang dengan menggunakan sampling secara sistematik random.Berdasarkan hasil statistik diperoleh tidak ada hubungan bermakna ( nilai p > 0,05) dan OR sebesar 270 ( 95% CI = 0,9 - 4,3 ). Dianggap perlu untuk melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode kohort.Daftar bacaan : 55 (1978 - 2002)"

"Karies gigi merupakan penyakit yang banyak menyerang anak-anak terutama kelompok usia 12 tahun; kelompok usia ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus karena merupakan saat terjadinya transisi pergantian gigi susu ke gigi tetap. Hasil penelitian Evaluasi Program Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah untuk murid SD kelas 5 dan 6 di wilayah DKI Jakarta, prevalensi karies gigi cendrung meningkat dari 89.60% pada tahun 1988 menjadi 93.72% pada tahun 1996, namun demikian angka rata-rata anak yang mengalami karies gigi ( DMF-T) sedikit menurun dari 2.98 gigi menjadi 2.66 gigi. Dari kunjungan murid-murid SD ke Balai Pengobatan Gigi Puskesmas selama 3 tahun terakhir ini, proporsi karies gigi dan kelanjutannya tampaknya masih menduduki porsi tertinggi ( 75.88% - 78.75%) dibandingkan penyakit gigi dan mulut lainnya.Tujuan daripenelitian ini untuk memperoleh informasi tentang hubungan faktor-faktor dengan status karies gigi anak SD; jenis disain penelitian adalah 'Analyzed cross sectional'. Lokasi penelitian di 106 SD dari 112 SD yang ada di kecamatan Tanjung Priok. Sampel yang diteliti adalah murid SD kelas 6 yang diambil secara 'systematic random sampling" sehingga diperoleh sejumlah 443 anak. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner wawancara untuk factor-faktor demografi, pola konsumsi makanan anak sehari-hari ( food recall 3 kali) disertai kebiasaan sikat giginya; disamping itu juga dilakukan pemeriksaan gigi. Data kemudian diolah secara statistik mulai dari analisis univariat, bivariat sampai multivariat yaitu dengan multipel regresi linier dan multipel regresi logistik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi karies gigi ( DMF-T) anak SD kelas 6 di kecamatan Tanjung Priok Jakarta Utara 70.9% dengan rata-rata angka pengalaman karies 1.657 ± 1.487 gigi per anak; dan komposisi 'decayed" sebesar 61.3% , ?missing? 4.5%, dan tilled' 5.1% . Hasil model akhir menunjukkan, bahwa terjadinya karies gigi ( DMF-T) 43.78% dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel independen sebagai. berikut yaitu OHI-S, frekuensi sikat gigi yang secara bersamaan harus diimbangi dengan ketepatan waktu sikat gigi, dan bentuk molar satu bawah yang secara bersamaan harus diimbangi dengan jumlah karbohidrat lekat. yang dimakan. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan . setiap penambahan 5 gram konsumsi karbohidrat lekat, kemungkinan akan meningkatkan karies gigi 3%. Juga ada interaksi frekuensi sikat gigi sikat gigi kurang dan- waktu sikat gigi tidak tepat dengan jumlah karbohidrat lekat yang dimakan; dimana dengan jumlah minimal karbohidrat lekat yang dimakan sebesar 8.85 gram per hari mempunyai resiko terjadinya karies gigi 2.08 kali; jumlah karbohidrat yang dimakan maksimal yaitu 98.10 gram temyata dapat meningkatkan resiko karies sebesar 235.40 kali. Dan ada hubungan sebab akibat antara bentuk molar satu bawah dengan terjadinya karies gigi, ini mungkin disebabkan karena gigi tersebut tumbuh lebih dahulu yaitu pada usia 6-7 tahun; pembentukan benih gigi dengan anatomi yang tidak normal sudah terjadi pada masa janin berusia 5 minggu dalam kandungan dan ada hubungannya dengan keturunan dan rasnya ; selain itu juga adanya pengaruh gravitasi sehingga sisa makanan lebih banyak mengumpul pada gigi rahang bawah tersebut.Disarankan program penyuluhan oleh team UKGS ditingkatkan yang isinya mengubah pola kebiasaan sikat gigi anak yaitu dari sebelum makan dan sambil mandi menjadi sesudah makan dan minimal sikat gigi dua kali yaitu sesudah makan pagi dan sebelum tidur malam. Disamping itu untuk menanggulangi masalah bentuk anatomi gigi molar satu bawah, dapat dilanjutkan pelaksanaan penambalan fissure sealant maupun tumpatan baru 'Atraumatic Restorative Treatment'.

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Factors Related To Dental Caries Status Of The Sixth Grade Primary School Children In Tanjung Priok Subdistrict Of Northern Jakarta, 1997.Dental caries is a disease affecting children especifically 12 years old ; this age group needs special attention since the transition from the deciduous dentition to the permanent dentition occured in this age group. The evaluation study of School Dental Health Programs for 5th and 6th grades in the Jakarta , shows an increase in dental caries prevalence from 89.60 % in 1988 to 93.72% in 1996; the average DMFT figures however, went down from 2.98 to 2.66 teeth in the same period. Proportionally, dental caries and its sequela still in the first rank compared to other oral diseases in primary school children who were treated at the Health Centre Services.

The aims of the study is to obtain information on the relation between determinant factors and dental caries in primary school children; with an "Analyzed Cross Sectional" design. The study was done in 106 primary school out of 112 Primary school in the subdistrict of Tanjung Priok. The study sample comprises 6th grades through a "systematic random Sampling ", Total sample was 443 children. Data was obtained by questioners for demographic factors, daily food consumption patterns ( 3 times food recall ) and tooth brushing habits. Apart from that, dental examination was carried out. The data was statistically processed, from univariat, bivariat and multivariat analysis with multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression.

The results show a dental caries prevalence ( DMF-T) of 70,9 % of 6 grades in the Tanjung Priok subdistrict with average of 1,657 ± 1.487 caries teeth; encompassing 61.3% decayed, 4.5% missing and 5.1% filled teeth. The latest model indicates that the 43.78% dental caries rate (DMF-T) may be explained by, independent variables : Oral Hygiene Index Simplify, frequency of brushing , shape of lower first molar, all of which have to be balanced by the amount of consumed " sticky" carbohydrate consumption may increase dental caries by 3 %. Interaction were found between good frequency of tooth brushing and incorrect brushing times, between insufficient frequency of tooth brushing and correct brushing times, between insufficient frequency of tooth brushing and incorrect brushing times. The latest interaction show that with the amount of sticky carbohydrate consumed, in which a minimum of 8.85 grams of sticky carbohydrates daily, caries risks will increase 2.08 times; a maximum of 98.10 gram will increase caries risks with 235.40 times. A cause and effect relationship between lower first molar anatomical shape and dental caries is presumably caused by the fact that the tooth in question is a the first permanent element to erupt, which is around 6-7 years of age, by tooth formation with abnormal anatomy would already occur at 5 weeks of intrauterine life and had a relationship with heredity and race, in addition to influence of gravitation causing much more food rests to accumulation teeth of the lower jaw.

It is suggested that school dental health education be improved to change the child's tooth brushing habits from "before meals" and "during bath" to "after meals" and a minimum of two times daily, which is after breakfast and before retiring at night. To cope with the problem of the anatomical shape of the lower first molar, fissure sealants and Aritmatic Restorative Treatment fillings may be employed."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian di Kabupaten D.T.II Tangerang dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karies gigi sulung anak prasekolah dengan kadar fluor dalam air minum pada daerah tersebut. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari anak prasekolah yang berusia 2-5 tahun sejumlah 341 anak dan air sumur yang dipergunakan sebagai air minum utama. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan indeks plak rata-rata 2.34, 80.6% anak mengalami karies dengan def-t rata-rata 5.60, def-s rata-rata 12.47. Radar fluor dalam air minuet rata-rata 0.38 ppm. Dengan analisa regresi linier terbukti ada hubungan tidak bermakna antara kadar fluor air minuet dengan karies gigi sulung dengan r = - 0.04 ( p > 0.05 ). "

"Studies in Indonesia which attempt to correlate nutritional status with dental health are still needed. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of nutritional status on dental health particularly gingivitis of the school children aged 9-14 years in Karangantu and Pamarican II Elementary schools. Nutrition status was assessed using limited antropometry, height and weight measurements. Cross sectional methode she used, and the result young data ANOVA, T-Test and Chi-Square. The results of the study showed were analyzed no correlation between nutritional status and gingivitis."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan status karies gigi dan jaringan periodontal menurut jenis kelamin pada anak usia 5 dan 12 tahun di Jabodetabek. 390 anak usia 5 tahun dan 458 anak usia 12 tahun dengan proporsi jenis kelamin seimbang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Status karies diukur dengan indeks dmf-t/DMF-T dan pufa/PUFA, status periodontal diukur dengan indeks modifikasi Loe and Silness. Hasil menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada indeks dmf-t, pufa, dan indeks plak antara laki-laki dan perempuan usia 5 tahun; terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada indeks DMF-T, PUFA, indeks plak, dan indeks gingiva antara laki-laki dan perempuan usia 12 tahun.

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This research objective is to know the differences of dental caries and periodontal status by gender among 5 and 12 years-old children in Jabodetabek. A total of 390 5 year-old and 458 12-year-old children with balanced proportion between genders participated in the research. Caries status measured by dmf-t/DMF-T and pufa/PUFA index, periodontal status measured by Loe and Silness modified index. The results show that there are no significant differences in dmf-t, pufa, and plaque index between boys and girls ages 5 year-old; there are significant differences in DMF-T, PUFA, Plaque, and Gingival Index between boys and girls ages 12 yearold."

"Dental caries in an endemic disease that is suffered by lots of children. In Indonesia, dental caries has become a public disease where its prevalence tendency keeps on increasing. According to house-keeping health survey 1995 in Bali, 54.40% of the population were disturbed and could not work or go to school because of tooth pain.The aim of this survey is to know the dental caries status of elementary school children in Buleleng Bali. This descriptive survey has been done to a sample with an amount of 2446 children from 26 elementary schools at 4 districts in Buleleng regency, which has a geographic situation of hills, mountains and a beach area. The technique of taking samples incidentally, when students were going their study services activity. Calibration among surveyors had been done before the survey to minimize mistakes. The result showed caries prevalence is 88.35%. DMF-T average 3.52 with Required Treatment Index: 65.53% and Performed Treatment Index: 1.52%. Dental caries prevalence to the boys are found to be more than girls."

"Indonesian are having oral health disease which relate with oral hygiene. Most of oral health diseases are dental caries and periodontal disease. Dental crowding is one type of dental malocclusion that cause those diseases. On the other hand, behaviour has an important role to influence oral health status. The aim of this study to get information about the relation between behaviour and oral hygiene of school children with dental crowding in DKI Jakarta. This study has been done on 277 fourth to sixth grade elementary school children from 5 district at DKI Jakarta. This observasional study has been done by chi-square test. The result has shown that there is no relation between behaviour to oral hygiene of dental crowding school children (p=0,93)."

"Kesehatan gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan secara keseluruhan yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup seseorang. Kesehatan gigi sering dianggap masalah kecil padahal dapat berdampak lokal pada gigi itu sendiri dan sistemik pada organ tubuh lain. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2007 dapat diketahui bahwa prevalensi karies gigi di Indonesia pada usia 12 tahun sebesar 43,4% dan kabupaten Lebak prevalensinya karies gigi tertinggi yaitu 43,6%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor - faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian karies gigi pada siswa SD kelas 4 -5 Di Kecamatan Curugbitung Kabupaten Lebak Banten yaitu faktor jenis kelamin, kelas, pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan orang tua serta faktor pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan perilaku pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional.Hasil study menemukan 127 orang (74,7%) responden mempunyai status karies gigi tinggi. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian karies gigi adalah suka mengkonsumsi makanan kariogenik OR=8,2 (CI 95%=3,0 - 22,3), Pekerjaan Orang tua OR=2,6 (CI 95%= 1,3 - 5,3), serta Tingkat pendidikan orang tua OR=2,4 (CI 95%= 1,1 - 4,9). Dari hasil penelitian disarankan untuk meningkatkan upaya promosi kesehatan serta pemahaman tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut kepada orang tua dan wali murid siswa SD bahwa penting untuk menjaga dan memelihara kesehatan gigi putraputrinya di rumah, sedangkan bagi siswa didik diberikan pemahaman dan pengertian agar dapat mengurangi konsumsi makanan kariogenik. Hal tersebut dapat mengurangi angka karies gigi di Kecamatan curugbitung Lebak Banten.

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Dental hygiene is a health problem that can affect the overall quality of life. Dental health is often considered to be a minor problem when a local impact on the tooth itself and other systemic organs. Based on data Riskesdas 2007 can be seen that the prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia at the age of 12 years was 43.4% and Lebak regency highest prevalence of dental caries 43.6%. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the incidence of dental caries in primary school students grades 4 -5 In District Curugbitung Lebak district of Banten which factors of gender, class, parental education, parental employment, and factors of dental health knowledge and behavior of health care teeth. This study is a descriptive study using cross-sectional design.

The results of the study found 127 (74.7%) of respondents have a high dental caries status. Factors that influence the incidence of dental caries is likely to consume foods cariogenic OR = 8.2 (95% CI = 3.0 - 22.3), Employment parents OR = 2.6 (95% CI = 1.3 - 5,3), as well as the level of parental education OR = 2.4 (95% CI = 1.1 - 4.9). From the results it is suggested to improve health promotion efforts as well as an understanding of oral health to parents and guardians of elementary school students that it is important to keep and maintain the dental health of children in the home, while the students are given to students comprehension and understanding in order to reduce consumption cariogenic foods. This can reduce the number of dental caries in District curugbitung Lebak Banten."

"Latar Belakang: Asupan makanan merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab karies gigi dengan prevalensi yang sangat tinggi di Indonesia terutama pada anak usia sekolah. Tingkat konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Indonesia masih cukup rendah, padahal jenis makanan ini dikenal dapat merangsang aliran dan meningkatkan kemampuan makan anak. self-cleansing saliva yang penting dalam pencegahan karies. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan kejadian karies pada gigi geraham pertama permanen pada anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makanan dan pemeriksaan klinis anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. 109 anak di Jakarta Pusat diperiksa karies dengan klasifikasi ICDAS. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan nilai median frekuensi konsumsi sayur per hari pada anak adalah 1,6 (0-8,14) dan 1,4 (0-5). Sebanyak 98,2% anak mengalami karies gigi dan 63,3% anak mengalami karies terbatas pada email. Hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies ditemukan sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Tingkat frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Jakarta Pusat masih rendah, dan prevalensi karies cukup tinggi. Hubungan yang lemah dan tidak signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies menunjukkan bahwa ada faktor lain penyebab karies yang harus dikendalikan.

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Background: Food intake is one of the factors causing dental caries with a very high prevalence in Indonesia, especially in school-age children. The level of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Indonesia is still quite low, even though this type of food is known to stimulate flow and improve children's eating abilities. self-cleansing saliva which is important in caries prevention. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit with the incidence of caries in the permanent first molars in children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using a food frequency questionnaire and clinical examination of children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. 109 children in Central Jakarta were examined for caries with the ICDAS classification. Results: This study found the median frequency of vegetable consumption per day in children was 1.6 (0-8.14) and 1.4 (0-5). A total of 98.2% of children had dental caries and 63.3% of children had caries limited to enamel. The relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries was found to be very weak and insignificant. Conclusion: The frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Central Jakarta is still low, and the prevalence of caries is quite high. The weak and insignificant relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries indicates that there are other factors that cause caries that must be controlled."