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"Coral reef bleacing is a phenomenon of fading due to a variety of stress, both natural and human impact. These circumstance leads to the degeneration and loss of zooxanthellae in coral tissue The phenomenon of coral bleaching can be occurerd locally and globally. Based on the historical record, the largest coral bleching occurred in 1997-1998. Contributing factors to the coral bleaching are extreme temperature changes, metals, other pollutants (nitrates), slow water movement, light intensity and salinity. Zooxantellae (algae symbiont) is much more affected in the certain conditions, especially in the photosynthesis process. Defensive mechanisms against the pressure on zooxantellae can be defined as Npq, fluorescent pigments, oxidation enzymes and genetic variation. Changing in reproductive patterns, species composition and community structure can be happened after bleaching phenomenon. In the future, monitoring of Seawater Surface Temperature (SST), research on the types of stress and tolerant mechanisms of algae symbiont, including pigments, proteins, enzymes oxidation, genetics in both laboratory and field are needed. "

"Karang Unarang adalah perairan perbatasan Indonesia dan Malaysia yang selama masih disengketakan sehingga perlu dilaksanakan patroli guna terciptanya keamanan. Pemilihan jenis Kapal Patroli untuk melaksanakan operasi di perbatasan ini sangant perlu disesuaikandengan keadaan hidro-oseonografi dan potensi ancaman yang dihadapi. Penelitian terkait pemilihan jenis kapal patroli yang ditugaskan untuk melaksanakan operasi di perairan Karang Unarang sangat diperlukan. Pengambilan keputusan tentang jenis kapal patroli tidak menempatkan kriteria sebagai suatu hierarki karena ada hubungan saling memengaruhi antarkriteria yang ditentukan. Keterkaitan ini bisa terjadi antar subkriteria yang terdapat di dalam kriteria (Innerdependece) dan keterkaitan antarelemen yang berbeda (outerdependence). Hasil penelitian menggunakan ANP ini didapatkan sesuai dengan apayang tertera dalam bobot nilai pada data yang menggunakan tools superdecisions sebagai alternatif terbaik terkait jenis kapal patroli yang harus melaksanakan operasi."

"ABSTRACTFishing activities currently require good management, in order to meet the protein needs of the community. Knowledge on the distribution pattern of fishes related to the condition of marine waters is one way of good management efforts. Several oceanographic parameters that can affect the distribution of fishes are SST (Sea Surface Temperature), chlorophyll a, salinity, and others. Each type offish has different optimal level of particular oceanographic parameters. The distribution of oceanographic parameters are effected by West monsoon, East monsoon and the season inbetween. Therefore, by studying oceanographic parameters on a regular basis, we can determine the fishing areas."

"Degradation on coral reef ecosystem is increasing day by day due to both natural and human factors, and it is greatly affecting to the catches of fishermen. Natural damages can be caused by he tsunami, global warming, predators and so on. Whiles people are destroying the ecosystem to the lack of awareness, necessities, poverty and greed. One of the coastal ecosystem rehabilitation efforts is b making artificial reef. There are four artificial reef functions i.e. to collect marine organisms in order to improve capture efficiency (attractant); increase natural productivity by providing new habitat for sessil biota; maintain the balance of food chain cycle; and providing habitat and stimulates coral recruitment and other organism. This article present the designs, benefit and future recommendation for artificial reef management"

"MANGROVE CRAB UCA SPP (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: OCYPODIDAE). In Indonesia, many found the river estuary waters with mangrove forests are an important area for mangrove crabs. Crustacean fauna of the mangrove ecosystem is dominated by the crabs of Uca spp. this is often found in mud, forest floor, ponds and mangrove logging areas. Uca spp. is a type of crab that live in holes or soaking in the substrate and are permanent residents of mangrove forests. Crab Uca spp. can adapt well to dig holes because the water that is in the hole can help regulate body temperature through evaporation. Uca crab has important body parts as characters for identification that are: the size of the face of carapace (rostrum), orbital area (the area around the eyes), gonopode (male), gonopore (females), large claws (male) and small claws. While large claws on an adult male is a key character, so that its is very important."

"Coupling between atmosphere and oceans can affect the global climate change. In the Indian Ocean, there is natural climate variation phenomenon caused by coupling between atmosphere and oceans, called the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). There are two types of IOD phase based on differences condition of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in western and eastern Indian Ocean, i.e. positive and negative IOD. When positive IOD occurs, the SST in western Indian Ocean is warmer than usual while SST in Sumatera is colder than usual, and vice versa for negative IOD. IOD can be detected using Dipole Mode Index (DMI). The phenomenon of drought on one side of Indian Ocean and heavy rains on the other side is a direct impact of IOD phenomenon, IOD can also affects to the productivity of the oceans, fisheries, ecosystems and carbon budget."