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"ABSTRACTSea grape is a kind of potential seaweeds which is rich of secondary metabolites. Glycoglycerolipid and enol groups are metabolites produced from Caulerpa racemosa. In addition, the diterpenoid compounds, triteipenoids, nitrogen components and caulerpenyne (CYN) are major metabolites of Caulerpa species. Caulerpa racemosa is a source of antioxidants, antimicrobials, cytotoxins, antidiabetic, antimociceptive, and anti inflammatory. This species is also potential as a source of medicinal agents and functional food applications as well."

"Jumlah penemuan bahan baku obat dari sumber daya hayati laut tidak sebanyak di darat. Akhir-akhir ini penemuan bahan baku obat dari sumber daya hayati mengalami peningkatan. Artikel ini memuat beberapa bahan baku obat dari sumber daya hayati laut yang telah memasuki tahap uji klinik maupun pra-klinik. Selain itu, artikel ini juga memuat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan penemuan bahan obat dari sumber daya hayati laut seperti perkembangan metode produksi senyawa bioaktif, kerjasama antara lembaga penelitian dengan industri, teknologi baru, penemuan senyawa bioaktif dari mikroba laut, dan manipulasi jalur biosintesis senyawa bioaktif."

"Penilia avirostris, Kladosera laut kosmopolitan. Penilia avirorostris adalah salah satu jenis dari delapan jenis Kladosera yang hidup di laut sebagai zooplankton. Walaupun keanekaragaman kladosera sangat rendah di perairan marin, namun distribusi jenis-jenisnya sangat luas mulai dari perairan hangat sampai perairan beriklim sedang (temperate). Penilia avirostris memiliki kemampuan reproduksi secara partenogenesis dan gametogenesis. Ketika kondisi lingkungan mendukung kehidupan (favorable) maka reproduksi dilakukan secara partenogenesis, sebaliknya ketika lingkungan kurang mendukung maka akan bereproduksi secara gametogenesis. Kemampuan beradaptasi yang tinggi terhadap kondisi lingkungan ekstrim dengan cara dormansi atau hibernasi, diduga sangat berpengaruh terhadap semakin luasnya daerah persebaran. "

"Synaptidae was one of holothuroidea member, unique because they has no podia or tube feet in their surface of body wall and has no respiratory trees in their internal organ. They has anchor shape spicules in their body wall that supporting locomotory function. Synaptidae were frequently found in the sea grass area, but no publication was specifically observed their existence. This study proposed to observed the species of synaptidae in Sanur Beach-Bali, included their length distribution and their vegetation preference to live with. The observation was conducted twice time using swept survey time based method (one hour) on low tide. The results shows 46 individual of synaptidae consist of two species (Synapta maculata and Opheodesoma grisea) found in the intertidal zone of Sanur Beach-Bali. In the first observation, most of synaptidae had shorter body length then in the second observation. Almost all of synaptidae observed was associated with Enhalus acoroides. Synaptidae in the study area adapt to a very extrem environment. Their adaptation were: 1) osmoregulation to the fluctuation of salinity; 2) wide tolerance of temperature fluctuation; defense mechanism to the wave motion by 3) having sticky skin and 4) autotomy mechanism. "

"ABSTRACTThe use of reference toxicant in aquatic toxicity testing is a part of efforts to obtain good quality data and it can be justified scientifically. It is used to determine the health and sensitivity of the test on organisms; to compare relative toxicities of substances by using control as an internal standard; to perform interlaboratory calibrations; and to evaluate the reproductive ability on tested data with time. Numbers of substances, such as some metals and salts, can be used as reference toxicants, but basically we must consider certain criterias in using a chemical as a reference toxicant. An ideal reference toxicant is that has a toxic at low concentrations, rapidly lethal, non selective, and detectable by known analytical techniques. The use of each reference toxicant in toxicity tests should be repeated using the same test organism to produce a data set of sensitivity. Endpoint values are then plotted on a control chart with tolerance range 2 SD. The value outside the tolerance range requires the evaluation of all test procedures and conditions of the test organisms."

"Caprellidae is one of the family of Amphipoda. This family is commonly known as "skeleton shrimps" or "ghost shrimps" because of its slender body shape looks like a skeleton and often resembles fine filaments of seaweed, hydroids or bryozoan. Caprellidae sometimes is not clearly visible and looks like a shadow. This family commonly found in seaweed, hydroids, bryozoans, sponges and seagrass. Caprellidae is a group of organisms that utilizes various feeding strategies, such as omnivorous, filter feeder, predator or others. Some notes about Caprellidae are discussed in this paper including its morphology, systematics, feeding habits. reproduction, habitat and distribution. "