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"Dental fusion is the most common problem seen in the primary dentition. The incidence of dental fusion was approximately 0,5 % for deciduous dentition and 0,1% for permanent dentition. Fusion may be complete or incomplete. Its etiology was related to genetic or local factor. These anomaly could result in dental caries, esthetic problem, periodontal disease, dental malocclusion, and hypodontia in permanent dentition. Treatment of fused teeth depends on the location and the extent of fusion. This report describes an incomplete dental fusion wilh dentinal caries occurred on 72 and 73 while 32 was agenesis. The purpose of the treatment was to improve the esthetic performance and subsequently to keep the teeth until the exfoliation time. After the restoration of 72 and 73, the patient feel satisfied."

"The purpose of this study was to determine whether different durations of conditioner application influenced glass ionomer cement penetration in dentin primary teeth. The conditioner being used was 10% poliacrylic acid. Samples in this study were 40 non-carious primary mandibular incisors. Samples were divided into 4 groups (10 samples each) : group A without conditioner, group B with seconds of conditioner application, group C with 20 seconds of conditioner application, and group D with 30 seconds of conditioner application. penetration of glass ionomer cement was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with 2000X magnification. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test showed significant difference between groups. Longer conditioner application resulted in longer glass ionomer penetration in dentin of primary teeth."

"Traumatic usually in children because falls and the treatment is moderate. Frequency of traumatic is 7-13% from all traumatic case in primary dentition. Avultion is one of its and the treatment is replantation. This treatment needs an accurate examination. The function of primary dentition is for bite, talk and estetics expecially for the children in the growth and development stage. In this case the patient is a girl 3 1/2 years old, with incisive central upper jaw avultion because of falls replantation is the choise treatment, replantation be done 4 hours after falls. The clinical result after 5 month is no luxation, and the radiographic interpretation is good bone healing in incisive central."

"Root development of permanent teeth is disturbed in survivors of childhood cancer. Cyclophosphamide (CY) is a cytostatic drug commonly used for chemotherapy in children with cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CY on the development of molar teeth until the completion of occlusion in young mice, focusing on Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS). We treated thirty-two 12-day-old ICR mice with CY (100 mg/kg; 100-CY group), and 36 control mice with saline. At 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 27, 39, 60, and 76 days of age, the mandibular molars were removed. Soft X-ray radiographs were obtained in lateral projection. The root/crown length (R/C) ratio of the first molar was calculated. Serial sagittal sections were prepared and histomorphological hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical (cytokeratin) studies were performed. The R/C ratio of the 100-CY group (0.78) was smaller than that of the control group (1.23) at 76 days (p < 0.05, t test). While all roots developed further after injection, microscopic examination showed that the roots of the first molars that developed in the 100-CY group were shorter than those in the control group. In addition, experimental mice showed apical closure of the roots. By 20 days after injection, the HERS had disappeared from the root surface in the 100-CY group. In conclusion, this study indicates that CY can induce a defect in HERS and cause early loss of HERS. Disruption of the epithelial sheath inhibits normal root formation, and it could cause irreversible short-root development."

"IntroductionOlmsted syndrome is a rare palmoplantar keratodermal disease that has not previously been reported to have an association with periodontal disease. The aim of this study is to report and document a case of Olmsted syndrome with evidence of severe periodontal disease.Case reportA 38-year old Saudi male patient presented to the dental clinic diagnosed previously with Olmsted syndrome. Clinical and radiographic examinations were done and provided evidence of the typical clinical findings in Olmsted syndrome and evidence of severe periodontal disease. The patient had severe generalized hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms, soles, and perioral skin as well as hyperkeratosis of oral mucosa at multiple sites.ConclusionThis case report documents the first reported case of Olmsted syndrome to be associated with severe periodontal disease. The altered differentiation of oral mucosa linked to Olmsted syndrome may contribute to the periodontal disease. Patients diagnosed with this syndrome should receive a comprehensive oral examination to determine whether periodontal destruction is a significant component of their disease or not."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang penelitian : Penentuan warna gigi dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara yaitu dengan teknik langsung seperti dengan penggunaan shade guide ,yaitu mengamati langsung gigi geligi dan menetapkan warna sesuai dengan shade tab. Akan tetapi cara ini memiliki kekurangan karena penentuan warna tersebut subjektif, perbedaan persepsi warna antara operator juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh cahaya ruangan. Cara lain pada penentuan warna dapat menggunakan spektrofotometer, suatu alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur warna dengan cara melewatkan cahaya dengan panjang gelombang tertentu pada suatu objek. Alat ini memiliki akurasi tinggi dalam penentuan warna akan tetapi masih sangat mahal harganya. Pada perkembangan terakhir kamera digital dengan tambahan lensa makro dan ring flash telah dijadikan standar dalam penentuan warna gigi karena memiliki nilai akurasi yang sangat tinggi. Penggunaan kamera jenis lain saat ini banyak digunakan oleh dokter gigi namun setiap jenis kamera memiliki tingkat akurasi yang berbeda beda. Tujuan : Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menganalisis penentuan warna gigi yang diperoleh dari beberapa jenis kamera digital. Metode : Penelitian dilakukan pada hasil foto gigi anterior dari 87 subjek yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan kamera DSLR, kamera mirrorless, kamera prosumer dan kamera smartphone. kemudian dilakukan pengukuran nilai CIE L a b pada warna hasil foto tersebut menggunakan perangkat lunak adobe photoshop CS 6 Hasil : Hasil uji bivariat Kruskal ndash; Wallis dengan post hoc Mann Whitney dengan nilai p < 0,05 didapatkan bahwa hasil pengukuran CIE L a b dari kamera DSLR, kamera mirrorless, prosumer dan kamera smartphone berbeda bermakna. Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan penelitian ini secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai ketepatan warna gigi anterior yang diperoleh kamera DSLR, kamera mirrorless, kamera prosumer dan kamera pada smartphone.

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ABSTRACTPurpose To analyze differences in anterior teeth color accuracy taken by several digital cameras, which are DSLR, mirrorless, prosumer and smartphone cameras. Background Tooth color can be determined in several ways, the first one is by matching shade guide directly to the patient rsquo s teeth. This method has it rsquo s limitations, such as the difference in color perception among operators, room lighting, and ambience from surrounding environment. Another way is by using a spectrophotometer to assess the color by exposing the teeth with light of a specific wavelength. This tool is very accurate, but also very expensive. Therefore digital cameras with macro lens and additional light ring flash have been used lately as a standard since it is very accurate in determining the color of teeth. Dentists nowadays have been using different types of cameras, but the accuracy of each type to assess color is still debatable. Objective This study was conducted to analyze the accuracy of tooth color determination by several types of digital cameras. Method This study was conducted on 87 subjects. Photograph of anterior teeth on 87 subject was taken with DSLR, mirrorless, prosumer and smartphone cameras. Value of CIE L a b on anterior teeth rsquo s color, measured with Adobe Photoshop CS 6. Results Kruskal Wallis bivariate test with post hoc Mann Whitney at the measurement of CIE L a b from DSLR cameras, prosumer, mirrorless cameras and smartphone cameras showed a result that is significantly different p "

"The primary tooth with caries process could be abscess and became non-vital inflammation of the pulp tissue extents into the root canals. An effort to maintain the non-vital primary teeth with fistula ispulpectomy. The primary tooth pulpectomy is a common clinical procedure. The choice of filling material and antibacterial properties against organism to inhabit infected primary root canal is important. The choice of filling material is zinc oxide eugenol and antibacterial medicament is formocresol. One appointment formocresol pulpectomy procedure is indicated when inflammation of the pulp tissueextend into the root canals, and possibly involves the periapical and/or bifurcation area. ln this case, after treatment with one-appointment formocresol pulpectomy in non-vital incisive lateral primary tooth withfistula is successful in one and eight months. This procedure provides an alternative to extraction and space maintenance when the pediatric dentist encounters a non-vital primary tooth."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 388-392Bottle-feeding period more than one year may influence the occlusion and will disturb the formation of strong muscle jaw. This effect will give an adverse result to permanent teeth. The type of malocclusion resulted from bad oral habit, may vary, depends on the type of oral habit, intensity, duration and frequency. The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between duration of bottle-feeding and occlusion of primary teeth. The following occlusion relationship examined were overbite, overjet, caninus relationship, and terminal plane. The design of this study was cross-sectional analytic, which was carried out in pre-school children aged between 3-5 years old. The duration of bottle-feeding was categorized in 24 months, 25-36 months, 37-48 months, and >48 months. Overbite and overjet were measured from the cast using a digital caliper. Caninus relationship and terminal plane were also measured from the cast. The result of Pearson Correlation test revealed a weak relationships between the period of bottle-feeding and overbite (0,329) and overjet (r=0,372), whereas the result of Chi-Square test, used to investigate the correlation between caninus (r=0,111) and terminal plane was not statistically significant (r=0,170). Anova test was carried out to observe the difference of overbite and overjet affected by duration of bottle feeding. The result demonstrated an increase of overbite and overjet if duration of bottle-feeding was prolonged. Turkey HSD test result on bottle-feeding duration and overbite shows significant differences between group of <24 months, 25-36 months, and groups of 37-48 months, >48 months duration. Mean while Tukey HSD test result on bottle-feeding duration on overjet shows significant differences between group of <24 months, group 37-48 months, and >48 months duration. "

"Latar Belakang : Dentin hipersensitif (DH) sering pada pasien dengan peradangan periodontal kronis, karena permukaan akar terpapar akibat proses penyakit. Penggunaan pasta gigi saat menyikat gigi terbukti efektif menghilangkan plak gigi sebagai penyebab utama peradangan periodontal. Tujuan: Menganalisis peran penyikatan gigi dengan pasta gigi yang mengandung sodium bicarbonate, sodium fluoride dan potassium nitrate terhadap DH disertai peradangan periodontal. Metode: Uji eksperimental klinis, membandingkan dua kelompok dengan perbedaan perlakuan. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan sensitifitas dan peradangan periodontal pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Penurunan tingkat sensitifitas lebih besar pada kelompok penelitian.

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Background : Dentine Hypersensitivity is commonly found in patient with periodontal inflammation, due to exposed root surface as a result of disease process. Usage of toothpaste while brushing teeth is proven effective at removing plaque as major cause of inflammation.

Objective: Analyze the role of tooth brushing using toothpaste containing sodium bicarbonate, sodium fluoride and potassium nitrate for dentine hypersensitivity with periodontal inflammation.

Methods: Experimental clinical trial comparing two treatment groups with differences.

Results: There is decreased sensitivity and inflammation in both groups.

Conclusion: Greater decreased sensitivity is found in study group."

"The variation of teeth number can occur at initiation phase of tooth development, the etiology is unclear but it be supposed by the excessive lamina dental activity. The supernumerary teeth can be single or multiple, at one side or two side, with conical, tubercle or normal form, undergo eruption or impacted, and with parallel or contrary direction of teeth development. The supernumerary teeth in incisive region is mesiodens. In this case report, the supernumerary teeth occured at mixed tooth period which it result in the tooth arrangement is bad. The mesiodens was extracted as the position of upper jaw central incisive teeth were corrected. The second supernumerary tooth with contrary direction was removed by surgery."