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"One method of increasing the durability of cylindrical concrete columns in aggressive surroundings is by providing a PVC skin around the columns. Beside protection added mechanical benefits have been investigated in this study. Results of this endeavor are reported in this paper. One hundred and fourteen specimens were prepared utilizing prepacked aggregate concrete (PA-Concrete), Consisting of andesite coarse aggregates and cement grout with 30% fly ash as partial cement replacement. Cylindrical specimens with varying length over diameter ratios (LID) and ages have been tested for their strength and ductilities. Results have shown the prevalence of beneficial composite behavior in PVC-confined specimens. Strength increases of 30% to 50% above those of unconfined specimens have been observed. Displacement ductilities lA > 7 have been derived, implying an increase of more than 8 times of those of unconfined specimens. Strains ductilities /l. > 2.4 and residual strength ratios R> 0.52Rp have been observed. Results indicate that strength increase with increasing ages while ductilities decrease with increasing un values. Toward the end of this paper, attempt is made to explain the mechanics of confinement in generating high load capacities of PVC protected columns."

"Beton merupakan bahan bangunan yang paling banyak dipakai di seluruh dunia, tapi walau demikian beton menggunakan sumber daya yang bisa habis, dan suatu saat bisa habis di masa mendatang. Di sisi lain, banyak sekali limbah beton yang tidak digunakan di seluruh penjuru dunia. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendalami limbah beton tersebut agar dapat dipakai kembali sebagai bahan penyusun beton, atau yang biasa disebut agregat daur ulang. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 2 variabel, yang pertama adalah beton menggunakan 0% campuran agregat daur ulang, dan variabel kedua menggunakan 20% campuran agregat daur ulang sebagai pengganti agregat alami. Beton daur ulang yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan beton bermutu f’c25-f’c30. Terdapat 4 jenis pengujian, yaitu uji permeabilitas, uji tekan, uji lentur, dan uji belah, dengan perbandingan air dan semen yang sama, dan juga umur pengujian yang sama. Dari semua pengujian, beton dengan campuran 20% agregat daur ulang memiliki kekuatan tekan, serta kekuatan lentur yang lebih tinggi daripada beton normal, dan koefisien permeabilitas yang lebih kecil, sementara beton dengan campuran 20% memiliki kekuatan belah yang lebih kecil daripada beton normal.

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Concrete is the most used building material in the world, but concrete are made of finite materials. Aggregate quarrying will start to get difficult in the future whereas there are vast amount of unused concrete waste. This research is aimed to understand concrete waste better by using them as recycled aggregate. In this research, there are 2 variables of concrete used, with 0% recycled concrete aggregate, or normal concrete, and with 20% recycled concrete aggregate as a substitute for natural aggregate. The recycled concrete aggregate is of grade f’c25-f’c30. The specimens are subjected to permeability test, compression test, flexural test, and tensile splitting test. All of the specimens are given the same water-cement ratio, and tested at the same age. From all of the tests conducted to the specimens, those consisting of 20% recycled concrete aggregate has a greater compressive strength, greater flexural strength, smaller coefficient of permeability, and smaller tensile splitting strength."

"Sebanyak 11% dari 67,8 juta ton sampah di Indonesia pada tahun 2019 merupakan sampah kertas. Pemanfaatan limbah kertas menjadi agregat dalam beton menjadi salah satu usaha daur ulang sampah kertas. Kertas menjadi material substitusi agregat halus dalam rencana campuran beton sebanyak 10, 15, 20, dan 25% volume agregat halus dalam beton. Benda uji beton yang dibuat kemudian diuji tekan, dibantu dengan strain gauge dan digital image correlation (DIC) sebagai metode analisis regangan dan lendutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan kadar kertas sebagai substitusi agregat halus mereduksi kuat tekannya sebesar 43 s.d. 62%. Penambahan kertas tersebut juga mereduksi berat isi dan modulus elastisitas beton.

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As many as 11% of 67.8 million of waste in Indonesia consist of paper waste, as of 2019. The use of paper waste as a concrete material helps to recycle paper waste. Paper being the material as a partial substitution of the fine aggregate, with an incremental substitution of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of the fine aggregate’s volume in the concrete mix. This paper carries out compression strength test to the concrete, assisted by strain gauge and digital image correlation analysis to obtain its strain and displacement data. The results show that an increment of paper in the concrete mixture reduces the compression strength by 43 to 62%. The increment also reduce the concrete’s density and Young modulus."