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"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 155-158The causes of TMD are complex and multifactorial, therefore the management should be done by several disciplines. ln this report, a 27-year-old man came to the teaching hospital of the University of Indonesia Faculty of Dentistry's Prosthodontic Department complaining about clicking sound and pain around his right joint. He received orthodontic treatment 9 years ago with removable appliance at a private practice and had 4 premolar extraction. The patient's face looked asymmetric, with a low vertical dimension, a Class II occlusion, and an anterior deep bite. Besides that, he clenched his teeth during emotional stress. Lateral tanscranial photo showed that the position of the left condyle was relatively normal or slightly anterior, and the right condyle was in the superoposterior position in the fossa with an abnormal shape. To solve this problem, the patient was referred to the Orthodontic Deparment to get a correct vertical dimension and normal anterior overbite. After 6 years, the patient was again referred to the prosthodontic Department, but the result was not successful. In order to get the right vertical dimension, an occlusal splint was fabricated to achieve a comfort jaw relation. In this position, the overbite was 2 mm, but space between the upper and lower posterior teeth was 5 mm. In this situation, full veneer crowns were not impossible to fabricate. Finally, to maintain this comfort position, the patient was suggested to wear the occlusal splint and come regularly for control every 6 months."

"Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) usually has non-specific signs and symptoms. The patient generally can only feel the pain, and thus complains about the stomatognatic problems without knowing the cause and the source. When the patient's chied compaint is pain, it is important to identify the source of the problem in order to provide appropriate treatment. Applied treatments for TMD can vary enormously. A female patient, age 35, came to the prosthodontic clinic with the chief complaints of pain in the right joint and limitation in mouth opening for past 7 years. In the last 2 weeks, the complaints worsened. With light pressure she could still open her mouth wider but showing deviations. She also complained about headache, tension in the forehead region, and muscle pain in the upper back body. The patient also reported that she has been chewing only on the right side for more than 20 years. Lateral transcranial x-ray showed that there were no visible structural or positional disorders. Thus, jaw exercise was decided as the initial therapy for the patient. WIthin one week, all complaints dissapeared. It was concluded that jaw exercise was a very useful form of treatment for TMD provided that the correct diagnosis is established."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 421-426Temporomandibular joint disorder may be caused by variety of factors; one of which is the posture of head and neck. However, the remains controversial and a subject of debate by experts. The objective of this study was to know whether there was a relation between temporomandibular disorders and the head and neck posture seen radiographically. Subject were 40 dental students from University of Indonesia who met the inclusion criteria, selected through questionnaire, and subjective examinations based on Helkimo's dysfuction index. Then, lateral cephalometries radiographic were done to all subjects. In the radiogram, a horizontal line was made from the nasion point to the sella tursica, and a vertical line was drawn along the prominent bone of C1 - C5. The angle between the two lines was measured, and used to represent the head and neck posture. The design of the study was cross sectional. Based on statistical analysis, there was no significant relationship between the anamnestic dysfunction index as well as the clinical dysfunction index that represented the temporomandibular joint disorders and the posture of head and neck seen radiographically."

"Gangguan sendi temporomandibula (GSTM) adalah gangguan otot dan kelainan artikular dalam fungsi komponen otot dan / atau sistem artikular yang disertai dengan tanda dan gejala klinis yang sangat bervariasi. Adanya riwayat GSTM dapat menjadi pertimbangan dalam rencana perawatan ortodonti. Tidak semua menyadari bahwa mereka memiliki GSTM yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh maloklusi, sehingga mereka datang hanya ke klinik Ortodonti hanya untuk perbaikan maloklusi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengetahui proporsi dan distribusi demografi pasien dengan GSTM termasuk maloklusi (hubungan rahang, overjet, overbite, hubungan molar dan kaninus) dan sudut parameter vertikal pada sefalometri lateral di klinik spesialis ortodonti RSKGM FKG UI. (2) Mengetahui hubungan GSTM dengan maloklusi serta hubungan GSTM dengan sudut parameter skeletal. Studi deskriptif dengan desain penelitian potong lintang pada pasien tahun kunjungan 2013-2018 yang memiliki GSTM pada anamnesis dan/atau pemeriksaan fungsional. Digunakan analisis univariat menggunakan SPSS 23 untuk menggambarkan distribusi dan analisis korelasi untuk menggambarkan hubungan. Didapatkan 98 status pasien yang mengalami GSTM. Ditemukan lebih banyak pasien perempuan daripada laki-laki dengan usia rata-rata 24,8 tahun dan kebanyakan berprofesi sebagai karyawan swasta. Gejala GSTM yang paling sering ditemukan adalah deviasi pergerakan mandibula dan clicking. Terdapat hubungan antara GSTM dengan maloklusi skeletal kelas II dan hubungan kaninus kelas III.

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Temporomandibular joint disorders (GSTM) are muscle disorders and articular abnormalities in the function of the components of the muscle and/or articular system accompanied by highly variable clinical signs and symptoms. The presence of a history of GSTM can be considered in the orthodontic treatment plan. Not all are aware that they have GSTM, one of which is caused by malocclusion, so they come only to the Orthodontic clinic only to repair the malocclusion. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the proportion and demographic distribution of patients with GSTM including malocclusion (jaw relationship, overjet, overbite, molar and canine relationship) and vertical angle parameters on lateral cephalometry at the orthodontic specialist clinic of RSKGM FKG UI. (2) Knowing the relationship between GSTM and malocclusion and the relationship between GSTM and the parameter angle skeletal. Descriptive study with a cross-sectional design on patients in the 2013-2018 visit year who had GSTM on history and/or functional examination. Univariate analysis was used using SPSS 23 to describe the distribution and correlation analysis to describe the relationship. There were 98 patients who had GSTM status. There were more female than male patients with a mean age of 24.8 years and Most of them work as private employees. The most common symptoms of GSTM are deviation of mandibular movement and clicking. There is a relationship between GSTM with skeletal malocclusion class II and class III canine relationship."

"Latar Belakang: Adanya perubahan pada metode pembelajaran akibat Covid-19 meningkatkan waktu yang dihabiskan untuk menatap layar (screen-time) yang berpotensi mengganggu kualitas tidur mahasiswa kedokteran gigi yang sebelum pandemi ini telah dilaporkan memiliki persentase kualitas tidur buruk yang cukup tinggi. Bedasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, kualitas tidur yang buruk juga dikaitkan dengan insidens TMD. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan TMD pada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi selama pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jenis kelamin dan screen-time terhadap kualitas tidur dan TMD. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang pada 110 mahasiswa Program Pendidikan Kedokteran Gigi dan Program Profesi Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) dan Indeks Diagnostik – Temporomandibular Disorder (ID-TMD) secara daring melalui google form. Hasil Penelitian: Uji Chi-Square menujukkan kualitas tidur memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan TMD pada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi selama pandemi Covid-19 (p=0.035). Hubungan yang bermakna juga ditunjukkan antara screen-time dengan kualitas tidur (p=0.027), namun tidak dengan TMD (p=0.489). Jenis kelamin juga tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna, baik dengan kualitas tidur (p=0.974) maupun TMD (p=0.902). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan TMD pada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi selama pandemi Covid-19.Terdapat pula hubungan antara screen-time dengan kualitas tidur. Namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara screen-time dengan TMD, serta jenis kelamin dengan kualitas tidur maupun TMD.

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Background: Changes in learning methods and increased screen-time due to Covid-19 pandemic may lead dental students to poor sleep quality. Based on previous studies, poor sleep quality also associated with the incidence of TMD. Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and TMD in dental students during Covid-19 pandemic. This study also aims to analyze the influence of gender and screen-time to sleep quality and TMD. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 pre-clinical and clinical year students of Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Sleep quality was evaluated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and TMD was evaluated using Indeks Diagnostik – Temporomandibular Disorder (ID-TMD) questionnaire. Retrieval of data using questionnaires distributed and collected online. Result: The result of Chi-Square test showing there is relationship between sleep quality and TMD in dental students during Covid-19 pandemic (p=0.035). Significant relationship was also showed between screen-time and sleep quality (p=0.027), but not with TMD (p=0.489). There is no relationship between gender and sleep quality (p=0.974) as well as TMD (p=0.902). Conclusion: This study shows that there is relationship between sleep quality and TMD in dental students during Covid-19 Pandemic. Significant relationship was also found between screen-time and sleep quality. However, no relationship was found between screen-time and TMD along with gender and sleep quality as well as TMD."

"Since the temporomandibular joints are components of the stomatognathic system that dentist is most familiar with problems relating to this joints must be recognized, understood and treated by dentists. A comprehensive evaluation of this joint problems must include the radiographic examination. Transcranio lateral is the most commonly used of all conventional TMJ radiographic projection from the lateral aspect that shows the condyle, fossa and eminence as well as the condylar fossa relationship in selected functional movements, but which is not free from superimposed of the adjacent structures. A modified positioning device has been developed over this past years to overcome these superinposition problems. The use of "Condy ray" and "Accurad 200" apparatus that have some advantages over the standard transcraniolateral radiographic projection will be discussed in this paper."

"Indonesia Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 308-311The temporomandibular join has a very important role in the stomatognathic system. It's main function is for the opening and closing movement, mastication, and speech. It is located anterior to the ear. The temporomandibular joint connects maxilla and mandible through the articular fossa, hence the slightest change that happens would cause serious matters such as pain, eating, speech disorder, difficulty in opening and closing movement, headache, and event trismus. In a child or an adolescent, the symptoms are often vague; everything is interpreted as "pain". This is probably why temporomandibular disorder are often undetect by dentists. Therefore, patience and accuracy is needed to determine the actual disorder through means of clinical and radiographic examination. The radiographic examination suitable for child is the transcranial projection. This projection is believed to be more accurate amongst other projections for child patients."

"Pre-prosthetic treatment is very important step to get a successful prosthodontic treatment. This study reported a case of a patient with missing teeth on left and right lower first and second molar with TMJ symptoms. Other symptoms felt by the patients were car pain and shoulder pain. After detailed examination, pre-prosthetic treatment needed by the patient was the TMH treatment. The usage of occlusal splint as one of the methods to treat the TMD where i.e. eliminate the occlusal disorder to reduce the neuromuscular activity and to regain a stable centric relation. After the splint treatment, an open bite on the posterior teeth appeared. To solve this problem, a removable frame prosthesis enhanced with overlay rest was fabricated. With this prosthesis, the TMJ symptoms stopped recurring. It was concluded that to achieve a successful prosthesis a detailed and comprehensive treatment was needed including the pre-prosthetic treatment along with the patient's motivation and cooperation."

"Besar pembukaan mulut dapat digunakan untuk menilai fungsi sendi temporomandibula. Ukuran besar pembukaan mulut bervariasi, namun di Indonesia belum ada data mengenai rata-rata besar pembukaan mulut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui rata-rata besar pembukaan mulut masyarakat Indonesia dan menganalisis hubungannya dengan jenis kelamin dan tinggi badan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang pada 182 subjek berusia 17–22 tahun dari mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia. Hasil uji analisis t tidak berpasangan menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara rata-rata besar pembukaan mulut wanita dan laki-laki (p<0.05), dengan rata-rata laki-laki (44.8-4.9mm) lebih besar dibandingkan wanita (37.6-4.9mm). Hasil uji analisis ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada rata-rata besar pembukaan mulut antar kelompok tinggi badan (p<0.05). Oleh karena itu, terdapat hubungan antara besar pembukaan mulut dengan jenis kelamin dan tinggi badan.

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Mouth opening can be used for assessing the function of temporomandibular joint. The average of mouth opening data differs in various population and the aim of this study is to investigate the mean of normal mouth opening in Indonesian population and to analyze the difference in between gender and height groups. Cross sectional study was conducted on 182 subjects aged 17 - 22 from Universitas Indonesia. Independent t test showed significant differences between male and female (p<0.05), with male (44.8-4.9mm) significantly higher than female (37.6-4.9mm). One way ANOVA test also showed significant difference between the higher and lower height groups (p<0.05). Thus, mean mouth opening differ significantly in between gender and height groups."