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"The objective of this research was to study the effect of substitution protein and energy concentrates on production and reproduction performances of Friesian Holstein (FH) Crossbred in early lactation and its financial aspect. This research was carried out for 100 days in early lactation. Twelve monoparous FH Crossbred were divided into three groups of feed treatment, control groups (RK) was given all concentrates control (KK) contain CP 10.3%, TDN 51% treatment groups 1 (RP1) was given concentrates control that was substituted 25% with supplement concentrates A (KSA) which source of energy (TDN 76%, CP 17.0%) and treatment groups 2 (RP2) was given concentrates control that was substituted 25% with supplement concentrates B (KSB) which was the source of protein (CP 20.4%, TDN 73%). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance One Way Completely Randomized Design, if there is differences then it was analized using analisis Duncant Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Parsial financial was used to meansure the change of cost and income. The result showed that there were significantly different (P<0.05) between groups on the intake of crude protein, RP2 (1.35 kg) than RP1 (1.18 kg) and RK (1.11 kg). Milk yield, milk fat content, milk protein content and post partum mating (PPM) and TDN intake insignificantly between treatments (P>0.05), but average daily milk yield tend (P>0.05) the highest in RP2 (10.4 liter) than RP1 (9.9 liter) and RK (8.9 liter), milk fat content the highest in RP2 (3.46%) than RK (3.39%) and RP1 (2.84%), milk protein content the highest in RK (2.70%) than RP (2.58%) and RP2 (2.38%). PPM, conception rate (CR), service per conception (S/C) and days open (DO) the best in RP1 (PPM = 75 days CR = 5%, S/C = 1, DO = 70 days), than RK (PPM = 82 days, CR = 25%, S/C = 1, DO = 48 days), and RP2 (PPM = 103 days, CR = 0%, S/C = 3, DO = 165 days). Average body weight lost (RK = 5 kg, RP1 = 5 kg, RP2 = 16 kg). The highest net profit in RP1 than RP2 and RK. It was concluded that the effect of substitution of supplement energy and protein concentrates tended to increase production performance and net profit however this could not increase reproduction performance, milk quality and mobilization of body energy storage."

"Fifteen Dairy cattle of Holstein Crossbred heifer were used for estimating rumen microbial protein synthesis. The cattle fed by a single diet of King Grass (KG), Corn Stover (CS) or rice straw (RS) ad libitum as basal diet that was supplemented by a high protein concentrate. Microbial protein synthesis were estimated from derivatives concentration. Data obtained: microbial protein synthesis (MPS) were analyzed using analyses of variance, in split plot and completely randomized design. The means differences were analyzed by DMRT. The result of this research showed that purin derivatives concentration of cattle fed on KG, CS, and RS were 75.07; 67.72 and 61.88 mmol/day, respectively. The production of microbial protein synthesis value were respectively 55.79, 49.43 and 44.35 gN/day and it was significantly different among diet (P<0.01). The Duncan test showed that KG's diet was the highest followed by CS's diet and RS's was the lowest. "

"Dewasa ini pemberian jasa atau pelayanan kepada masyarakat semakin beragam dan kompleks serta tidak diberikan oleh unit pelayanan pemerintah saja, tetapi juga diberikan oleh unit swasta. Dengan demikian, maka sudah saatnya pemerintah untuk siap dan harus mampu bersaing dengan unit pelayanan jasa yang diberikan oleh swasta. Iklim persaingan tersebut merupakan peluang sekaligus tantangan bagi perusahaan untuk bertahan hidup, atau tetap menjalankan usahanya.PD Dharma Jaya sebagai salah satu bentuk Perusahaan Daerah menurut UU No. 5 Tahun 1962, bersifat suatu kesatuan produksi yang bersifat memberi jasa, menyelenggarakan pemanfaatan umum, dan memupuk pendapatan. Selanjutnya dalam SK Gubernur DKI Jakarta Nomor. 890 Tahun 1987, bertujuan membantu dan menunjang kebijakan umum Pemerintah Daerah dalam rangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, khususnya konsumen daging dan petani ternak.Namun, pada saat terjadinya krisis moneter perusahaan mengalami kerugian usaha dari tahun 1997 sampai dengan tahun 2000. Jika hal ini berlangsung terus, misi perusahaan dalam memberikan pelayanan umum khususnya untuk konsumen daging dan petani ternak tidak akan berhasil. Oleh karena itu perusahaan memerlukan sebuah strategi yang tepat untuk mengatasi masalah yang terjadi.Langkah awal dalam merumuskan strategi, terlebih dahulu mengevaluasi situasi saat ini dan meninjau para pengambil keputusan strategis dalam hal ini badan pengawas dan dewan direksi PD. Dharma Jaya. Kemudian melakukan analisis situasi melalui pengamatan lingkungan eksternal dan lingkungan internal perusahaan untuk mengetahui peluang dan ancaman yang dihadapi dan kekuatan dan kelemahan yang dimiliki perusahaan, serta juga untuk mengetahui kapabilitas yang ada dan atau yang dapat dilakukan perusahaan untuk mencapai keunggulan bersaing. Metodologi penelitian yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh data primer dan data sekunder dengan menggunakan penelitian deskriptif. Data primer melalui kuesioner dan wawancara terhadap 7 (tujuh) responden yang dianggap mampu dalam menjelaskan faktorfaktor lingkungan strategis yang mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan. Sedangkan data sekunder berupa laporan kegiatan, keuangan dan protil perusahaan, serta data statistik dan laporan lainnya dari instansi lain yang berhubungan dengan penulisan.Dan hasil penelitian diketahui posisi strategi bersaing untuk kegiatan usaha perdagangan daging dan ternak potong adalah strategi pertumbuhan konsentrasi melalui integrasi horizontal, dimana perusahaan dapat mengembangkan usahanya melalui penambahan volume penjualan untuk mencapai skala ekonomis yang lebih besar dalam produksi dan pemasarannya untuk meperoleh peningkatan laba. Dimana dalam melakukan strategi pertumbuhannya perusahaan sambil melakukan perbaikan atas kelemahankelemahan internal yang ada.Untuk menunjang keberhasilan strategi pertumbuhan konsestrasi yang dilakukan dalam peningkatan penjualannya, perusahaan dapat melakukan strategi penetrasi pasar, pengembangan pasar, dan pengembangan produk. Disamping itu perusahaan melakukan strategi untuk mengembangkan sumber dayanya melalui integrasi ke hulu untuk ketersediaan daging dan ternak potong; pemilikan armada angkutan daging secara bertahap; peningkatan SDM untuk ketersediaan pegawai baik jumlah maupun kualitas; penyediaan fasilitas penelitian dan pengembangan; peningkatan reputasi perusahaan dengan penyediaan produk dan jasa yang aman, sehat, utuh dan halal. Serta strategi generik dalam usaha perdagangan daging dan ternak potong, menerapkan strategi keunggulan biaya secara menyeluruh.Saran yang dapat diambil untuk Pemda DKI Jakarta dalam mendukung keberhasilan pelaksanaan strategi pertumbuhan konsentrasinya, yaitu: disarankan melakukan restrukturisasi organisasi perusahaan daerah menjadi perseroan terbatas.Restrukturisasi organisasi perusahaan selain untuk kemandirian dan konsistensi kinerja perusahaan, juga dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh dana segar dalam mendanai pengembangan usaha perdagangannya. Kemudian saran untuk peneliti lanjutan, dapat melakukan penelitian penyediaan jasa pemotongan hewan yang berguna bagi peningkatan kesejahteraan konsumen daging dan petani ternak.Daftar Pustaka : 42 Buku, 2 Artikel, 14 Lain-lain (1980 - 2003"

"This research was conducted to study the effect of the mixtures of sago waste and chicken excreta fermented utilization in rations on broiler performance, carcass physical quality as well as the meat chemical quality. The mixture of sago waste and chicken excreta was fermented in 48 hours using effective microorganism-4. The research was biological experiment using the respective fermented materials in broiler rations with level of 0% (R0), 4% (Rl), 8% (R2) and 12% (R3). Each dietary treatment had five replications of five broiler chickens each. Variables was observed were broiler performance (feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion), carcass physical quality (live weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat percentage) and chemical quality of meat (water contents, fat and protein). Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance of one way Completely Randomized Design, and differences between means were tested using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that the use of fermented mixtures up to 8% in broiler rations had increased body weight, live weight and carcass percentage, and fat flesh content and it was better than birds receiving control ration. The use of 12% fermented materials in the ration had no significant effect on feed consumption, abdominal fat percentage, as well as water contents and protein of the flesh."

"Gumboro Disease or Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) is a chicken disease targeting the Bursa of Fabricius, an important organ in the young chicken's developing immune system. Very virulent strains of IBDV caused in mortality of up to 40%. At the other hand, local farmers used Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) to improve general performance and meat/carcass quality of broiler chicken. According to the Gumboro Disease, a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the Red Ginger supplementation in the ration on blood and Bursa of Fabricius profile of broiler chicken. Two hundred five days old broiler chick were randomly divided into five different groups, i.e.: R-0 (ration without red ginger supplementation); R-0,5 (ration with supplementation of 0.5% RG); R-1,0 (ration with supplementation of 1.0% RG); R-1,5 (ration with supplementation of 1.5% RG); and R-2,0 (ration with supplementation of 2.0% RG). The ration was iso-caloric and iso-pro-tein, containing CP 21-23%, ME 3150 kcal ME/kg, Ca 1 %, and P 0.5%. There was five replications for each treatment (eight heads per group). After five weeks old, the blood were collected and the broiler were slaughtered to collect the Bursa of Fabricius for histopathologic preparate analyses. A One Way Classification of Variance Analyses (CRD) was used to analyze the data. Only the significant differences between all treatments were analyzed by the Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the red ginger supplementation of 1.5-2.0% increased the amount of erytrocyte (P<. 05) but decrease amount of leukocyte (P<.01). Furthermore, red ginger supplementation injured the Bursa of Fabricus. "

"Makanan adalah salah satu bahan pokok dalam rangka pertumbuhan dan kehidupan bangsa serta mempunyai peranan penting dalam pembangunan nasional. Karena itu masyarakat harus dilindungi keselamatan dan kesehatannya dari ancaman makanan yang tidak memenuhi syarat. Diantara makanan yang tidak memenuhi syarat adalah makanan daluwarsa yaitu makanan yang telah lewat tanggal daluwarsa atau telah lewat batas akhir suatu makanan dijamin mutunya, sepanjang penyimpanannya mengikuti petunjuk yang diberikan oleh produsen.Kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman terhadap peraturan Menteri Kesehatan tentang makanan daluwarsa seringkali menimbulkan masalah dalam peredaran makanan karena dengan masih banyaknya ditemukan makanan daluarsa di lokasi penjualan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tentang tingkat kepatuhan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa di propinsi Jambi tahun 2001.Penilaian terhadap kepatuhan dilakukan terhadap 105 pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman yang ingin diketahui terdiri dari pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa, faktor pendukung yaitu penyuluhan peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa dan faktor pendorong pengawasan dan sanksi.Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan potong lintang (Cross Sectional). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman cukup rendah (50%) dan faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kepatuhan terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa adalah faktor sikap dan pengetahuan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman.Dari hasil penelitian disarankan pada pihak pemerintah yaitu balai POM Jambi supaya metode penyuluhan atau pembinaan yang dilakukan secara komprehensif sehingga pengetahuan terhadap peraturan dapat lebih ditingkatkan. Frekuensi pengawasan lebih ditingkatkan dan juga memberikan sanksi yang lebih keras terhadap pelanggaran yang telah dilakukan secara berulang-ulang.

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The Factors that Related to the Obedience of Foods and Beverages Seller on the Regulation of Expired Date Foods in Jambi Province, 2001Food is one of the basic commodities for the growth of the nation and having an important role in national development.. So they should be protected from the threat of their health and also the foods which so not fulfil safety and quality requirement. Among the foods that which so fullfil safety and quality requirement are date marking the foods used over than the date that best for used or it had been expired date to be used in guaranteed quality, and as long as they stored that stated in the producers instruction.The obedience of foods retail seller to the regulation of the Minister of Health on date marking often rises problem in distributing them, since there were still found lot of expired foods in market place.The objective of this study was to identify the description of the obedience level and the factors that related to foods retail seller on the regulation of date marking in Jambi Province, 2001.The assessment of the obedience was conducted to 105 retail sellers of foods and beverages. The factors that related to the obedience of foods retail seIIers which to be identified among others education, knowledge, attitude to the regulation on expired food, supporting factor was education of regulation on date marking and encouraging factors were controlling and sanction.This study used quantitative approach, and the study design was cross sectional. The data was analysis by univariate, bivariate and multivariate.The result of this study showed that the proportion of the obedience foods retail seller was enough low (50%) and the factors that significantly related to the obedience of the regulation on date marking was attitude and knowledge of the foods retair seller.Referring to the result of this study, it is recommended to the government, e.i. The Center for Drug and Food Control, Jambi should give education and extension comprehensively, so the knowledge to the regulation on date marking can be improved. The frequency of controlling should be improved and also giving harder sanction to who trespasser that it was done in several times."

"Merawang chicken was a local chicken from Bangka Belitung Island, South Sumatera, with a special characteristic an uniform of feather colour by squeezing chocolate or golden in males and also females. The study was conducted to investigate the genetic and phenotype traits of production and reproduction of Merawang chicken. Fourty five males and thirty females of 21 - 26 weeks of age from identified parents were used in this experiment. The observed female variables were body weight, sexual maturity, egg production, fertility and hatchability. The male variables were body weight, sexual maturity, volume of semen, motility and concentration of spermatozoa. Semen were collected once a week by Burrows and Quinn methods. The data were analyzed by Burrows and Quinn methods. The data were analyzed by variance analyses of CRD and nested design to find out variance and covariance components. The results showed that the females variabilities of sexual maturity, body weight, egg production, fertility and hatchability were 8.07%, 10.55%, 24.82%, 38.87% and 19.98%, repectively. The males variabilities of sexual maturity, body weight, volume of semen, motility and concentration of spermatozoa were 4.96%, 14,21%, 42.50%, 7.12% and 45.16%, repectively. The heritabilities of females on sexual maturity, body weight, egg production, fertility and hatchability were 0.311, 0.509, 0.927, 0.677 and 0.314, respectively. The heritabilities of males on sexual maturity, body weight, volume of semen, motility and concentration of spermatozoa were 0.607, 0.393, 0.200, 0.203 and 0.011, respectively."

"Asuransi Usaha Ternak Sapi dan Kerbau merupakan produk asuransi yang penting bagi peternak dalam menghadapi bahaya yang mengancam usaha ternaknya. Penelitian ini membahas (1) pengaturan Asuransi Usaha Ternak Sapi dan Kerbau di Indonesia; (2) pengaturan mengenai Asuransi Usaha Ternak  Sapi dan Kerbau di Vietnam; dan (3) risiko kematian akibat PMK sebagai risiko yang ditanggung dalam Asuransi Usaha Ternak Sapi dan Kerbau. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan metode analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa perbedaan antara peraturan asuransi usaha ternak sapi di Indonesia dan Vietnam mengenai besaran subsidi premi yang diberikan oleh Pemerintah, risiko yang ditanggung oleh asuransi, dan wilayah yang dapat menerapkan Asuransi Usaha Ternak Sapi dan Kerbau. Pembahasan selanjutnya adalah PMK yang merupakan penyakit yang berdampak besar pada usaha peternakan yang mana seharusnya ditanggung oleh asuransi mengingat PMK termasuk dalam risiko fundamental. Meski demikian, manajemen risiko tetap diperlukan untuk mencegah penyebaran kerugian atau meminimalkan kerugian yang timbul. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah harus mengakui PMK sebagai risiko yang ditanggung oleh asuransi untuk industri sapi dan kerbau di Indonesia.

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Cattle and Buffalo Business Insurance is an important insurance product for farmers in facing the risks that can endanger their livestock business. This study discusses (1) regulation on Cattle and Buffalo Business Insurance in Indonesia; (2) regulation on Cattle and Buffalo Business Insurance in Vietnam; and (3) risk of death due to FMD as a risk covered by Cattle and Buffalo Business Insurance. The research method used is normative juridical with qualitative analysis methods. The results of this study can be concluded that there are several differences between the regulations of cattle and buffalo business insurance in Indonesia and Vietnam regarding the amount of premium subsidies provided by the Government, the risks borne by insurance, and the areas that can apply Cattle and Buffalo Business Insurance. The next discussion is FMD, which is a disease that has a major impact on livestock business, which should be covered by insurance considering that FMD is a fundamental risk. However, risk management is still needed to prevent the spread of losses or minimize losses that arise. Therefore, the government must recognize FMD as a risk covered by insurance for the cattle and buffalo industry in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh penyuntikan ekstrak daun Catharanthus roseus G. Don. terhadap aktivitas ventrikel dan frekuensi denyut jantung tikus. Ekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70%, dan sebagai pelarut ekstrak digunakan larutan garam fisiologis (NaCl 0,9%). Hewan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah tikus putih strain LMR Wistar derived. Dalam penelitian dibuat empat kelolmpok perlakuan yaitu: kelompok kontrol jaurni, kontrol pelarut, disuntik ekstrak daun C. roseus yang berbunga putih, dan disuntik ekstrak daun C. roseus yang berbunga merah. Ekstrak disuntikkan secara intravena. Dosis yang disuntikkan setara dengan 0,1067 g daun C. roseus kering/100 g berat hewan. Aktivitas ventrikel dan frekuensi denyut jantung dicatat dengan elektrokardiograf. Hasil yang diperoleh untuk kelompok kontrol murni dan kelompok kontrol pelarut, aktivitas ventrikel dan frekuensi denyut jantung tidak mengalami perubahan yang nyata sampai akhir pengukuran. Pada kelompok yang disuntik ekstrak daun C. roseus yang berbunga putih maupun yang berbunga merah terjadi perpanjangan waktu depolarisasi dan repolarisasi ventrikel serta penurunan frekuensi denyut jantung yang nyata.ABSTRACT"