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"The objective were to know the base medium, growth regulator concentration of Kinetin, and combination of this treatment that had the best response to rooting phase of Sandalwood. This study was expected to play role in contributing great advantages to support the plant material provision in operational scale.Generally, the protocol of tissue culture of Sandalwood had been acknowledged, however there were still problems on rooting phase. Therefore the study wasfocused on 1/2 MS medium application, 1/2 GD, and 1/2 WPM, also application of Kinetin in different levels of concentration (0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; and 1 mg/1) on root development in Sandalwood.Study result concluded that the base medium of 1/2 MS and application of Plant Growth Regulators IBA 20 mg/1 combined with IAA 1 mg/1, and treatment of 0,75 mg/1 Kinetin concentration had the best response to growth and enlargement of Sandalwood root."

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Tanaman Hevea brasiliensis merupakan tanaman yang banyak ditanam di Indonesia, karena lateks yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Alternatif metode konvensional budidaya H. brasiliensis adalah dengan metode kultur in vitro. Namun, penelitian kultur in vitro memiliki hambatan berupa rentannya kontaminasi, baik dari eksplan, medium, dan alat bahan yang diapaki. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimasi dan memilih antara enam jenis sterilan dan kombinasinya yang paling efektif terhadap kontaminasi dalam kultur tangkai daun H. brasiliensis. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah perlakuan perendaman dengan NaOCl 5,25%, H₂O₂ 20%, dan alkohol 70% selama masing-masing lima menit adalah perlakuan sterilisasi paling efektif dalam menghadapi kontaminasi. Eksplan tangkai daun diberi lima perlakuan dan satu kontrol, yakni kontrol dengan perendaman NaOCl 5,25%, perlakuan 1 dengan perendaman NaOCl 5,25% dan H₂O₂ 20%, perlakuan 2 dengan perendaman NaOCl 5,25% dan alkohol 70%, perlakuan 3 dengan   perendaman NaOCl 5,25% dua kali dan H₂O₂ 20%, perlakuan 4 dengan perendaman NaOCl 5,25%, alkohol 70%, dan H₂O₂ 20%, dan perlakuan 5 dengan perendaman NaOCl 5,25% dua kali dan alkohol 70%.  Empat perlakuan memiliki efektivitas dalam mencegah kontaminasi, yakni perendaman dengan NaOCl 5,25% dan H₂O₂ 20%, perendaman dengan NaOCl 5,25% sebanyak dua kali dan H₂O₂ 20%, perendaman NaOCl 5,25%, alkohol 70%, dan H₂O₂ 20%, serta perendaman NaOCl 5,25% dua kali dan alkohol 70%. Sementara itu, perlakuan NaOCl 5,25% dan alkohol 70% berhasil menahan pencokelatan pada persentase 50% di minggu kedelapan. Oleh karena itu, perlakuan yang lebih baik dalam mengurangi kontaminasi dan pencokelatan adalah perendaman dengan NaOCl 5,25% dan alkohol 70%.

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Hevea brasiliensis is a plant that is widely grown in Indonesia, because its latex has high economic value. An alternative to the conventional method of cultivating H. brasiliensis is the in vitro culture method, but this method has a disadvantages, especially its risk to contamination from explant, medium, and tools. So, the aim of this research is to optimize and select between six types of sterilants and their combinations that are most effective against contamination in the culture of H. brasiliensis leaf stalks. The hypothesis proposed is that soaking treatment with 5.25% NaOCl, 20% H₂O₂ and 70% alcohol for five minutes each is the most effective sterilization treatment in dealing with contamination. Petiole explants were given five treatments and one control, namely control by immersion in 5.25% NaOCl, treatment 1 by immersion in 5.25% NaOCl and 20% H₂O₂, treatment 2 by immersion in 5.25% NaOCl and 70% alcohol, treatment 3 by soaking in 5.25% NaOCl twice and 20% H₂O₂, treatment 4 by soaking in 5.25% NaOCl, 70% alcohol and 20% H₂O₂, and treatment 5 by soaking in 5.25% NaOCl twice and 70% alcohol.  Four treatments were effective in preventing contamination, namely soaking with 5.25% NaOCl and 20% H₂O₂, soaking twice with 5.25% NaOCl and 20% H₂O₂, soaking with 5.25% NaOCl, 70% alcohol, and 20% H₂O₂ %, as well as soaking twice in 5.25% NaOCl and 70% alcohol. Meanwhile, treatment with 5.25% NaOCl and 70% alcohol succeeded in preventing browning at a percentage of 50% in the eighth week. Therefore, a better treatment in reducing contamination and browning is soaking with 5.25% NaOCl and 70% alcohol.

 

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"The study was aimed to determine a proper time of measuring soybean nitrate reductase activities, and to what extend direct and indirect effect of those traits to the soybean yield and its component.The experiment was arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design with three blocks as replications. Six soybean varieties: Burangrang, Wilis, Tanggamus, Cikuray, Mallika, and Gamallika were used. In-vivo nitrate reductase activities were measured at seedling stage (14 dap), when root nodule start to be active (25 dap), maximum growth stage (34 dap), flowering stage (42 dap), and grain filling period (63 dap). Correlation and path analysis was applied to the data collected to determine direct and indirect effect of nitrate reductase activity, growth and yield components to the soybean yield.The results showed that the proper time of measuring nitrate reductase activity was at 42 dap (flowering stage). Large direct effect to grain yield per plant was indicated by seed number per plant, total dry weight, 3-seeded pods per plant and nitrate reductase activity total leaf fresh weight at 42 dap; meanwhile, number of filled pods per plant, number of branch per plant, and number of productive node per plant had a negative direct effect but the indirect effect was larger through seed number. It indicated that the seed number per plant, total dry weight, 3-seeded pods per plant and nitrate reductase activity total leaf fresh weight at 42 dap may be used for soybean yield selection."

"Circulating tumor cell (CTC) merupakan intermediet proses metastasis kanker yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk diagnosis, prognosis, dan target pengobatan kanker. Pengembangan pemanfaatan CTC dapat dilakukan dengan penelitian yang umumnya melibatkan proses kultur. Medium bebas serum dinilai lebih baik dibanding medium berserum karena dapat menghasilkan data yang lebih konsisten, sehingga lebih cocok digunakan untuk penelitian yang mengkaji aktivitas fisiologi sel dan persinyalan molekular. Namun, medium bebas serum memerlukan suplemen agar sel dapat tumbuh optimum. Penambahan suplemen insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) telah diketahui memiliki peran penting dalam kultur sel keratosit, ovarium, dan keratinosit. Namun, belum diketahui peran ITS dalam medium bebas serum untuk kultur CTC. Penelitian ini mengkaji perbedaan efek FBS dan ITS dengan konsentrasi 1X dan 10X dalam medium bebas serum terhadap CTC yang diisolasi dengan metode eritrolisis. Kultur dilakukan selama 18 hari. Dinamika CTC dan leukosit diamati dengan meninjau viabilitasnya pada 6 hari pertama kutur. Selain itu, observasi morfologi dilakukan seiring dengan pengukuran morfometri sel. Pada hari ke-18, keberadaan CTC diverifikasi dengan imunofluoresens menggunakan marka cytokeratin 20 (CK20) dan plastin 3 (PLS3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CTC yang dikultur pada medium dengan penambahan 10X ITS memiliki diameter sel yang lebih besar dari yang dikultur pada medium dengan penambahan 1X ITS dan 10% FBS. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ITS memiliki peran penting dalam kultur CTC dalam medium bebas serum dan dalam konsentrasi 10X dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan CTC kanker kolorektal.

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Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are intermediates in the cancer metastasis process and hold potential for use in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment targeting. The development of CTC applications typically involves research incorporating cell culture processes. In cell culture, serum-free media are considered superior to serum-containing media as they yield more consistent data, making them more suitable for studies examining cell physiological activity and molecular signaling. However, serum-free media require supplementation to ensure optimal cell growth. The addition of insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) supplements is known to play a crucial role in the culture of keratocytes, ovarian cells, and keratinocytes. However, the role of ITS in serum-free media for CTC culture remains unknown. This study investigates the differential effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and ITS at concentrations of 1X and 10X in serum-free media on CTCs isolated via erythrolysis. Cultures were maintained for 18 days, with CTC and leukocyte dynamics observed by assessing cell viability during the first six days of culture. Additionally, morphological observations and cell morphometric measurements were conducted. On the 18^th day, the presence of CTCs was verified using immunofluorescence with cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and plastin 3 (PLS3) markers. The results indicated that CTCs cultured in media supplemented with 10X ITS exhibited larger cell diameters compared to those cultured with 1X ITS and 10% FBS. This finding suggests that ITS plays a critical role in the successful culture of CTCs in serum-free media and that a 10X concentration of ITS can enhance the growth of colorectal cancer CTCs."