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"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 325-328Music is related to stress reduction and increased levels of growth-hormone. In rat, music exposure since prenatal period was found to increase body-weight of 7-days-old litters and brain cells. Somatic growth was primarily influenced by growth-hormone and supported by psycho-physic condition. The objective of this study was to analyze whether music exposure since prenatal until 35 days post-natal period could affect the weight and body-length of the rat-pups. Four pregnant Wistar rats were daily exposed to one hour classic music (Mozart) every 17.30 PM since gestation period day one until the 22 litters were 35-days-old. Controls were 5 pregnat rats and their 36 litters caged in a different room with no music. Weighing and measuring the body-length (the most anterior point of nasal-septum to the base of the tail) were conducted at day 7,25 and 35. Data were analyzed using Multivariate General-Linear-Model (a = 0.05). It was revealed that the mean weight of the experimental litters was significantly higher than those of the controls either at day 7 (p = 0.00), day 25 (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Music exposure since prenatal period has significant influences on the weight of the rat-litters aged 7,25 and 35 days and on the body-length of the 25-days-old litters."

"Gen tilapia Growth Hormone (tiGH) merupakan gen pengkode hormon pertumbuhan dari ikan nila yang berperan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Penelitian bertujuan melakukan kloning dan ekspresi gen tiGH untuk memproduksi protein rekombinan hormon pertumbuhan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian meliputi tahapan isolasi gen tiGH dari pMBA_tiGH, ligasi ke dalam pETBlue-2, serta transformasi vektor rekombinan ke dalam sel inang dengan menggunakan elektroporasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vektor rekombinan dapat ditransformasi ke dalam sel inang E. coli BL2 dengan efisiensi transformasi 1,12x103 cfu/μg. Ekspresi gen tiGH dilakukan menggunakan induksi IPTG 0,4 mM dan dipurifikasi menjadi protein rekombinan growth hormone dengan berat molekul sebesar 22 kDa.

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Tilapia growth hormone gene (tiGH) is a gene encoding growth hormone from the tilapia whose folr is to increase the growth. The research objective is to do cloning and expression tiGH gene to produce growth hormone recombinant proteins of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Stages of research include isolation tiGH gene from pMBA_tiGH, ligation into pETBlue-2, and the transformation recombinant vector into host cells by using electroporation.

The result showed that recombinant vectors have been successfully transformed into the host cell E.coli BL21with transformation efficiency reached 1.12 x103 cfu/μg. Expression tiGH gene performed using 0.4 mM IPTG induction and purified recombinant protein growth hormone with a molecular weight of 22 kDa."

"ABSTRAK Bising merupakan dampak yang timbul mengikuti kemajuan industri yang dapat dirasakan termasuk oleh ibu hamil. Pajanan bising saat kehamilan diketahui dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin. Sebaliknya musik dapat memberikan efek positif dalam berbagai reaksi fisiologis, yaitu kognisi, emosi, dan imunitas. Akan tetapi, belum diketahui dampak gabungan pajanan keduanya saat prenatal, serta pengaruhnya terhadap fungsi otak, khususnya hippocampus yang berperan dalam kognisi dan memori spasial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pajanan suara gabungan (musik dan bising) dapat mengkompensasi dampak negatif bising pada perkembangan hippocampus. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan pengaruh pajanan suara musik, bising dan kombinasinya selama perkembangan prenatal terhadap fungsi hippocampus neonatus Gallus gallus domesticus. Telur yang telah difertilisasi diinkubasi dalam mesin tetas yang dilengkapi pengeras suara untuk tiga jenis suara, yaitu musik, bising dan gabungan, serta sebuah kelompok kontrol. Pajanan suara diberikan sejak embrio berusia 10 hari sampai menetas. Selanjutnya dilakukan penilaian memori spasial menggunakan labirin T, penimbangan berat otak, penghitungan jumlah neuron dengan pewarnaan Hematoxylin eosin, serta penilaian ekspresi protein BDNF pada hippocampus dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia. Hasil menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna berat otak pada masing-masing kelompok. Selain itu, pajanan musik dapat memfasilitasi pembentukkan memori spasial didukung dengan peningkatan jumlah neuron dan ekspresi protein BDNF pada hippocampus; sebaliknya pajanan bising menginhibisi konsolidasi memori spasial, menurunkan jumlah neuron dan ekspresi BDNF di hippocampus. Pajanan gabungan memberikan hasil yang tidak berbeda dengan kelompok kontrol pada tiap parameter. Disimpulkan bahwa pajanan gabungan dapat mengkompensasi

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ABSTRACT

Noise has become a critical issue following industrial evolution, especially pregnant women. Noise exposure during prenatal period may disrupt fetal growth and development. Otherwise, music gives various positive physiological responses to the development of cognition, emotion, and immunity. However, the effect of combination of both sound during prenatal to brain, especially hippocampus that manage cognition and spatial memory has never been studied. This research aimed to know whether combination of music and noise exposures can compensate negative effect of noise in hippocampus development. Research conducted by comparing the effect of music, noise and combination of both exposures during prenatal development to the function of Gallus gallus domesticus neonate hippocampus. Fertilized eggs were incubated in hatchery machine equipped with a loud speaker for three exposures groups, i.e. music, noise and combination, and a control group; given from E10 until hatching. Data collected for evaluation were spatial memory assessment that was done using T-maze, brain weight, total hippocampus neuron number and BDNF expression in hippocampus. As result, there was no significant difference in brain weight among these groups. Furthermore, prenatal music stimulus enhanced spatial memory formation supported by the increasing number of total neuron and BDNF expression in hippocampus. Besides, prenatal noise stimulus elicited spatial memory inhibition, decreased of total neuron number and BDNF expression in hippocampus. Combination group showed no significant result compare to control group in each measurements. In conclusion, combination of both music and noise stimulus during prenatal period could compensate the negative effect of prenatal noise exposure."

"Music is often our companion when dealing with the incomprehensibility of loss. This edited collection speaks to the multifarious and complex ways in which music accompanies, supplements, and complements aspects of death and dying, whether this is the death of a loved one, or a celebrity from popular culture."

"Klasifikasi genre musik merupakan salah satu bidang dari Music Information Retrieval (MIR) yang menggunakan pola-pola spektral dalam rekaman audio digital sebagai fitur untuk membentuk sebuah sistem yang dapat menentukan genre dari sebuah musik secara otomatis. Beberapa model deep learning telah dikembangkan untuk memperoleh performa terbaik dalam melakukan klasifikasi genre musik. Tiga di antaranya adalah Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), dan model hybrid CNN-LSTM. Walaupun model- model tersebut mampu memberikan hasil yang cukup memuaskan, model-model tersebut memiliki kekurangan masing-masing. Model CNN kurang dapat memperhitungkan urutan-urutan fitur pada data berurutan dan model LSTM tidak dapat melakukan komputasi secara paralel. Ketiga model tersebut juga membutuhkan pengulangan dan konvolusi yang kompleks, serta waktu yang cukup panjang untuk perhitungan berurutan. Transformers merupakan arsitektur model yang tidak lagi mengandalkan recurrence/pengulangan, melainkan mekanisme attention yang dapat memperhitungkan urutan-urutan data pada data berurutan dan melakukan perhitungan paralel sehingga jangka waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam perhitungan lebih singkat. Melihat keberhasilan dan kepopuleran dari Transformer pada berbagai bidang seperti Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) pada bidang Natural Language Processing dan Vision Transformers pada bidang Computer Vision, pada skripsi ini dilakukan analisis mengenai kinerja model Transformers dalam permasalahan klasifikasi genre musik dibandingkan dengan model CNN, LSTM, dan CNN-LSTM.

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Music genre classification is one of the fields of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) that uses spectral patterns in digital audio recording as features to build a system that can automatically classify a music’s genre. Several deep learning models have been developed to get the best performance in classifying music genres. Three of them are Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and hybrid CNN-LSTM model. Although those models can give satisfactory results, each model has their own weakness. CNN is less able to consider the sequences in sequential data and LSTM is not able to do parallel computation. All these models also require complex recurrences and convolutions, as well as quite a long time for sequential calculations. Transformers is a model architecture that no longer relies on recurrences, but rather on an attention mechanism that can consider the sequences in data and perform parallel calculations so that the time required for calculation is shorter. Looking into the success and popularity of Transformers in various fields such as BERT in the field of NLP and Vision Transformers in the field of Computer Vision, this thesis analyzes the performance of Transformers on music genre classification compared to CNN, LSTM, and CNN-LSTM."