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"Relations among parents' psychological difficulties (i.e., depressive symptoms, overt anger), dysfunctional attributions for child misbehavior, and inept discipline were investigated in a representative community sample of 451 mothers and 449 fathers. Depressive symptoms and anger were hypothesized to relate to discipline via their link with parents' attributions. Path analyses revealed that depressive symptoms predicted parent-centered causal attributions (i.e., stable, global, and dispositional), which, in turn, related to laxness. Depressive symptoms also predicted child-centered responsibility attributions (i.e., controllable, intentional, and negative), which, in turn, related to overreactivity. Anger predicted overreactivity directly. The patterns of relations were similar for fathers and mothers. The importance of addressing parents' psychological difficulties and dysfunctional attributions in interventions for families with disruptive children is discussed."

"This study used longitudinal, multimethod data to examine specific patterns of behavioral interaction with parents and peers that were hypothesized to predict increasing levels of depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Adolescents' struggles in establishing autonomy and relatedness in interactions with mothers, and a withdrawn, angry, or dependent pattern of behavior with a best friend, were assessed with observational and peer-report methods in a community sample of 143 adolescents, who were also assessed for levels of depressive symptoms at age 13 and with whom the authors followed up 1 year later. Study hypotheses were confirmed, with dysfunctional interaction patterns with parents and peers combining additively to account for substantial change variance in depressive symptoms over time. Results are interpreted as highlighting specific behavioral patterns that may be promising to address via psychosocial interventions targeting adolescent depression."

"Research on the prevention of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents was reviewed and synthesized with meta-analysis. When all 30 studies were included, selective prevention programs were found to be more effective than universal programs immediately following intervention. Both selective and indicated prevention programs were more effective than universal programs at follow-up, even when the 2 studies with college students were excluded. Effect sizes for selective and indicated prevention programs tended to be small to moderate, both immediately postintervention and at an average follow-up of 6 months. Most effective interventions are more accurately described as treatment rather than prevention. Suggestions for future research include testing potential moderators (e.g., age, gender, anxiety, parental depression) and mechanisms, designing programs that are developmentally appropriate and gender and culturally sensitive, including longer follow-ups, and using multiple measures and methods to assess both symptoms and diagnoses."

"This research evaluated the efficacy of a brief, mailed personalized feedback intervention designed to alleviate depressed mood and antecedents (ineffective coping and hopelessness). College students (N = 177) were randomly assigned to intervention or control group following a baseline assessment. A week after completing the baseline assessment, participants in the intervention condition were mailed feedback and information detailing their mood, coping strategies, as well as suggestions for enhancing mood. Results indicated that feedback was effective in reducing depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and among men, increasing willingness to use coping strategies at the 1-month follow-up. Hopelessness mediated reductions in depressive symptoms. Results support the use of personalized feedback as a low-cost, initial intervention for college students suffering from symptoms of depression."

"This study examined whether an online problem-solving intervention could improve parental adjustment following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Families of children with moderate-to-severe TBI were recruited from the trauma registry of a large children's hospital and randomly assigned to receive online family problem solving therapy (FPS; n = 20) or Internet resources (IRC; n = 20) in addition to usual care. The FPS group reported significantly less global distress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety at follow-up than did the IRC group after controlling for baseline symptoms. The FPS group also reported significant improvements in problem-solving skills, although the groups did not differ significantly at follow-up. Findings suggest that an online, skill-building approach can be effective in facilitating parental adaptation after TBI."

"This study investigated whether a behavioral economic index of the value of rewards available over different time horizons improved prediction of drinking outcomes beyond established biopsychosocial predictors. Preferences for immediate drinking versus more delayed rewards made possible by saving money were determined from expenditures prior to resolution attempts by problem drinkers with different help-seeking experiences (N = 144). As hypothesized, stable resolutions over a 2-year follow-up were associated with proportionally more preresolution discretionary expenditures on savings and less on alcohol compared with unstable resolutions. The relationship held regardless of help-seeking history, and preresolution drinking practices, problems, and income were similar across outcomes. The findings extend experimental work on behavioral economics and indicate that measuring monetary allocation improves prediction of outcomes."

"Aims were to identify the demographic, psychopathology, and psychosocial factors predicting time to major depressive disorder (MDD) recovery and moderators of treatment among 114 depressed adolescents recruited from a juvenile justice center and randomized to a cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) condition or a life skills-tutoring control condition. Nine variables predicted time to recovery over 1-year follow-up (e.g., earlier MDD onset, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, functional impairment, hopelessness, negative thoughts, low family cohesion, coping skills); suicidal ideation and parental report of problem behaviors were the best predictors. CBT resulted in faster recovery time relative to control treatment, specifically among adolescents of White ethnicity, with recurrent MDD, and with good coping skills. Results suggest that psychopathology plays a more prominent role in maintaining adolescent depression than demographic or psychosocial factors."

"The authors conducted a large-scale study of terrorism in Israel via telephone surveys in September 2003 with 905 adult Jewish and Palestinian citizens of Israel (PCIs). Structural equation path modeling indicated that exposure to terrorism was significantly related to greater loss and gain of psychosocial resources and to greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms. Psychosocial resource loss and gain associated with terrorism were, in turn, significantly related to both greater PTSD and depressive symptoms. PCIs had significantly higher levels of PTSD and depressive symptoms than Jews. Further, PTSD symptoms in particular were related to greater authoritarian beliefs and ethnocentrism, suggesting how PTSD may lead to a self-protective style of defensive coping."

"This study examines the effect of homework compliance on treatment outcome in 123 participants receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for cocaine dependence. Regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between homework compliance and cocaine use that was moderated by readiness to change. Homework compliance predicted less cocaine use during treatment but only for participants higher in readiness to change. For those lower in readiness to change, homework compliance was not associated with cocaine use during treatment. Homework compliance early in therapy was associated with better retention in treatment. Homework compliance was not predicted by participants' level of education or readiness to change. These findings support the use of homework during CBT for substance use disorders."

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Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) memiliki peranan yang penting bagi pasien jantung. HRQoL pada pasien jantung bisa ditingkatkan dengan melihat faktor-faktor yang menjadi prediktornya, seperti spiritual well-being, illness perception, dan kecenderungan depresi. Penelitian ini melihat lebih jauh apakah spiritual well-being (SWB) dan illness perception (IP) memengaruhi HRQoL secara signifikan dan kecenderungan depresi memediasi hubungan antara SWB dengan HRQoL dan hubungan IP dengan HRQoL secara signifikan. Sebanyak 161 partisipan yang memiliki penyakit jantung terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Setiap partisipan mendapatkan tiga alat ukur yang berbeda, yaitu FACIT-Sp (spiritual well-being), Brief IPQ (illness perception), dan PHQ-2 (kecenderungan depresi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spiritual well-being (B=14,415, p=0,000) dan illness perception (B=-7,8838, p=0,000) menjadi prediktor yang signifikan terhadap HRQoL. Sementara itu, kecenderungan depresi tidak memediasi hubungan spiritual well-being dengan HRQoL (effect= 1,0934), namun menjadi mediator yang signifikan dalam hubungan illness perception dengan HRQoL (effect= -2,0332). Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk penyusunan intervensi bagi pasien jantung agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan keberfungsiannya.  

Kata kunci:

spiritual well-being, illness perception, kecenderungan depresi, HRQoL

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Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is the most important thing to be considered as a treatment for heart disease patients. There are some variables to be considered as significant predictors of HRQoL such as spiritual well-being, illness perception, and depressive symptoms. Based on previous research, spiritual well-being (SWB) and illness perception (IP) significantly predicted heart disease patients HRQoL. Depressive symptoms variable can be a mediator for explaining the relationship between SWB and HRQoL and IP and HRQoL`s relationship.  The main aim of this research is to investigate whether SWB and IP are significant for predicting heart disease patients HRQoL and depressive symptoms is a significant mediator for explaining those relationships. This research involves n=161 heart disease patients with minimum of age 18. Every partient is measured using three measurements. The measurements include FACIT-Sp (spiritual well-being), Brief IPQ (illness perception), and PHQ-2 (depressive symptoms). The result shows that spiritual well-being (B=14,415, p=0,000) and illness perception (B=-7,8838, p=0,000) predict HRQoL`s patients. Depressive symptoms does not mediate significantly the relationship between SWB and HRQoL (effect= 1,0934), but it mediates the relationship between IP and HRQoL significantly (effect= -2,0332). This research can be used for medical worker in designing intervention for heart disease patients.

 

 

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