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"ABSTRAKArtikel ini membahas tentang tema postkolonial yang terdapat dalam film La Noire de.. karya Ousmane Sémbene melalui aspek naratif dan sinematografis film. Analisis juga didukung dengan teori postkolonial Edward Said untuk melihat apa saja bentuk isu-isu postkolonial yang terdapat dalam film La Noire de… Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa isu postkolonial yang muncul yaitu relasi kuasa, rasisme, stereotip, mimikri, krisis identitas, dan resistensi. Dari beberapa isu postkolonial tersebut relasi kuasa merupakan isu postkolonial yang paling banyak dan aspek visual merupakan aspek yang paling banyak memunculkan isu-isu postkolonial tersebut. Film ini menggugat postkolonial dengan adanya tokoh Diouana sebagai ras kulit hitam yang memberontak atas tindakan diskriminatif yang dilakukan ras kulit putih padanya.

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ABSTRACTThis article discusses postcolonial themes contained in La Noire de.. directed by Ousmane Sémbene, through narrative and cinematographic aspects of the film. Analysis is also supported by postcolonial theories of Edward Said to see what kind of postcolonial issues contained in the film La Noire de… The analysis showed that there are some postcolonial issues that arise are power relations, racism, stereotypes, mimicry, an identity crisis, and resistance. From some of those postcolonial issues, power relations is a most numerous postcolonial issues and the visual aspect is the most often raises the postcolonial issues. This film suing the postcolonial by the character of Diouana as the black race who rebelled over discrimination carried the white race to her."

"Apa yang terjadi pada masa penjajahan Belanda di Hindia Belanda meninggalkan kesan yang begitu dalam bagi setiap pihak yang terlibat, tidak hanya kaum inferior tetapi juga kaum superior. Penceritaan kembali mengenai apa yang terjadi pada masa kolonial dilakukan melalui berbagai media, salah satunya karya sastra postkolonial Familiefeest karya Theodor Holman. Secara jelas dan nyata pasti terjadi diskriminasi pada masa tersebut. Dengan metode penelitian deskriptif-sinkronis, diteliti bagaimana penggambaran diskriminasi yang ditemukan dalam cerita Familiefeest beserta dampak yang dihasilkannya. Melalui cerita ini, ditemukan diskriminasi ras, etnis, dan kebangsaan yang terjadi pada tokoh didalamnya, yang notabene adalah kaum superior pada masa kolonial tersebut, dan dampak yang dialami para tokoh tersebut tidaklah ringan karena menyangkut masalah psikis dan masa depan mereka. Diskriminasi yang mereka alami mengubah sifat, perilaku, dan kehidupan mereka. Mereka memandang negatif akan masa depan dan selalu dihantui oleh rasa takut, terancam, dan malu.

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What happened during the Netherlands‟ colonialism in the Dutch East Indies left deep impression to every side that involved this moment, not only the inferior side but also the superior side. About what that happened on colonial period was told through many media, one of them is through postcolonial literature, Familiefeest by Theodor Holman. Discrimination was clearly and obviously happened on that moment. By using descriptive-synchronic method, the description and the effects of discriminations on Familiefeest were researched and found. On Familifeest was found racial, ethnic, and nationality discriminations that were experienced by the personages that on this story were superior people on colonialism moment. The effects that they experienced weren‟t simple things because those have correlation with psychological problem and how they faced their future. It changed their character, behavior, and life. They looked negatively about their future and haunted by fear, threat, and shame."

"Pasca Perang Dunia II, banyak negara yang sebelumnya mengalami penjajahan mendapatkan kemerdekaan. Tulisan ini mencoba melihat bagaimana kemudian proses yang terjadi pada negara-negara yang baru merdeka tersebut, yang kemudian dikenal dengan proses nation-formation. Berangkat dari kritik postmodern terhadap ilmu Hubungan Internasional terkait konsep nation state sebagai sesuatu yang given, tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan postcolonialism dalam melihat proses nation-formation di negara yang baru merdeka. Negara yang akan dibahas dalam tulisan ini adalah Indonesia dengan unit analisis Sukarno. Dalam analisis akan digunakan konsep postcolonial anxiety dari Sankaran Khrisna untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Sukarno dalam proses di atas.

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After the World War II, there are many countries that previously experienced colonialism that gained their independence. This writing attempts to see how the process occurred in those newly independent countries, that known as process of nation formation. Starts from postmodern criticsm to International Relations study especially the concept of nation-state, this writing uses postcolonialism approach in analyzing the nation-formation process. The country that will be analyzed in this writing is Indonesia, with Sukarno as the unit of analysis. Sankaran Khrisna?s postcolonial anxiety will be used to understand what factors that influenced Sukarno in the process explained earlier."

"Lingkungan keluarga merupakan fondasi awal yang membentuk identitas sosial seseorang, terutama peran orang tua. Dalam kehidupan orang-orang dari keluarga broken home di masa poskolonial, identitas sosial seringkali menjadi isu sentral. Krisis identitas yang berujung pada rekonstruksi identitas tidak hanya dialami oleh keturunan Indo di Indonesia, namun juga di Belanda, seperti yang dialami tokoh utama dalam fragmen De Onschuld van Een Vis karya Alfred Birney. Tulisan ini berusaha memaparkan bagaimana proses rekonstruksi identitas sosial dipengaruhi oleh faktor sejarah, budaya dan lingkungan sosial. Dalam menganalisis permasalahan identitas sosial ini, metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan mempelajari situasi, tata cara, sikap, pandangan dan terutama dialog di dalamnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan poskolonial. Di akhir pembahasan, terlihat bahwa ternyata peran ayah sebagai faktor utama yang merupakan figur negatif pembentuk identitas awal tokoh utama juga terlibat secara implisit di balik faktor budaya dan lingkungan sosial dalam proses rekonstruksi identitas sosial tokoh utama tersebut.

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Family environment is a basic foundation that establishes someone’s social identity, parents’ role is the foremost. For ones lives from a broken home family in post-colonial period, social identity is often considered a central issue. Crisis of identity that led into reconstruction of identity is not only experienced by Indo people that stayed in Indonesia, but also in the Netherlands, as it showed by the main character in one of chapters from De Onschuld van Een Vis by Alfred Birney. This paper tries to describe how reconstruction process of social identity influenced by historical, cultural and social environment. Descriptive research is used to analyze this social identity issue. This method has always been used to study situations, manners, attitudes, views, and especially dialogues in fragment. For addition, this is a qualitative study that using a post-colonial approach. At the end of this paper, we would see that the fact is the father's role as the main factor of a negative figure that formed the main character’s early identity, also implicitly involved behind the cultural and social environment in that reconstruction process of the main character’s social identity."

"Artikel ini membahas dampak kolonialisme pada masyarakat Aljazair dalam cerpen Oran, langue morte karya Assia Djebar. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, sedangkan pendekatan yang dipilih adalah pendekatan tekstual. Pengaruh kolonialisme diteliti berdasarkan peristiwa-peristiwa cerita, deskripsi tokoh serta latar ruang dan waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolonialisme berdampak buruk pada tokoh utama sehingga tokoh utama mengalami trauma yang sangat medalam.

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This article analyzes the influence of colonialism in Algeria’s society in short story titled Oran, langue morte by Assia Djebar. This research is classified as a qualitative research by using a descriptive argumentative method and structural approach. The influence of colonialism could be observed based on the story events, characters description, and by the places and times as well. The result of this article shows that colonialism has a negative influence on main character which give her a deep trauma."

"Postcolonial thought is an intellectual approach that recognizes the importance of empire and colonialism in the making of the modern world, including the constitution of modern culture and knowledge. Although postcolonial thought has resonated strongly in the academic humanities, this book explores its implications for social science and, in particular, social theory and sociology. After introducing the respective histories of social theory and postcolonial thought, the book discusses the various waves of postcolonial thought, beginning with the first wave of prominent thinkers and authors, such as W. E. B. Du Bois, Frantz Fanon, Aime Cesaire, Amilcar Cabral, and C. L. R. James. After examining this history, it discusses the second-wave of postcolonial thought, including the work of prominent authors such as Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi Bhabha. The book presents the postcolonial challenge to social theory, and charts various strategies for crafting a postcolonial social science. Although some scholars suggest that postcolonial thought and social science are incompatible, this book explores points of convergence as well as difference, and argues for a third wave of postcolonial thought emerging within social science."

"Feminisme poskolonial merupakan respons terhadap arus utama feminisme Barat. Feminisme poskolonial menolak landasan universalisasi yang berkembang dalam feminisme Barat. Universalisasi menciptakan ketimpangan representasi perempuan. Perjuangan feminisme poskolonial adalah mengikutsertakan representasi perempuan negara bekas jajahan dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Representasi yang diperjuangkan adalah melalui pengakuan terhadap pengalaman sejarah kolonialisme dan persinggungan berbagai kategori sosial, baik kelas, etnis, budaya, ras, agama, kebudayaan, atau relasi kuasa, yang memengaruhi kehidupan perempuan. Dalam ilmu Hubungan Internasional, pembahasan feminisme poskolonial masih termarginalkan. Oleh karena itu, tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan menggambarkan dialog antara feminisme poskolonial dan hubungan internasional. Tinjauan pustaka ini berargumen bahwa feminisme poskolonial mampu memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap perkembangan ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Feminisme poskolonial dapat merekonstruksi ilmu Hubungan Internasional melalui perdebatan mengenai power, struktur, agen, dan agensi, serta spektrum global-lokal. Rekonstruksi feminisme poskolonial ini merupakan usaha dalam menciptakan ilmu Hubungan Internasional yang kontekstual.

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Postcolonial feminism emerged in response to mainstream Western feminism. Postcolonial feminism rejects the growing notion of universalization central to Western feminism. It argues that universalisation creates an imbalance representation of women. Postcolonial feminism struggles to include the representation of women from former colonies into knowledge development. The representation championed through the recognition of colonial experience and intersection between various social categories, such as class, ethnicity, culture, race, religion, or power relations, which affect women rsquo s live. In the field of international relations, the discussion about postcolonial feminism is being marginalized. Therefore, this literature review aims to illustrate the dialogue between postcolonial feminism and international relations. This literature review argues that postcolonial feminism is capable of contributing considerably to the development of international relations study. Postcolonial feminism reconstructs international relations study through the debates on power, structure, agents, and agencies, as well as the global local spectrum. This reconstruction, as a contribution of postcolonial feminism perspective, should be understood as an attempt to create contextuality in international relations study."