Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Penelitian karakterisasi morfometrik dan molekuler penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman spesies Gyrodactylus sp. yang menginfeksi ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus). Hasil penelitian dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan metode deteksi serta pengendalian penyakit parasitik pada ikan air tawar lainnya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter morfometrik dan molekuler parasit cacing Gyrodactylus sp. yang ditemukan pada ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus). Identifikasi Gyrodactylus dilakukan dengan analisis median hook dan daerah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 pada DNA ribosom. Tahapan penelitian meliputi koleksi parasit, pengamatan secara mikroskopis, pengukuran karakter morfometrik, ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi, visualisasi hasil PCR, sekuensing dan analisis data. Hasil analisis karakter morfometrik diperoleh data panjang tubuh sebesar 850,00 ± 246,22 (500?1150) μm, lebar tubuh 116,36 ± 19,30 (80?155) μm, panjang faring 52,50 ± 3,54 (50?55) μm, lebar faring 48,75 ± 1,77 (47,5?50) μm, panjang opisthaptor 56,98 ± 8,24 (44-75) μm, lebar opisthaptor 115,12 ± 18,17 (90-150) μm, panjang total jangkar 96,37 ± 7,10 (75-110) μm, panjang ruas jangkar 50,29 ± 5,72 (40?62,5) μm, panjang poros jangkar 55,15 ± 6,69 (37-70) μm, panjang akar jangkar 43,80 ± 6,16 (32-55) μm, jarak celah jangkar 31,15 ± 6,91 (24-50) μm, panjang total kait tepi 30,00 ± 3,10 (26-35) μm, panjang lengkung kait tepi 5,13 ± 1,53 (3,2-7,5) μm dan panjang poros kait tepi 24,87 ± 2,23 (22,80-29) μm. Analisis PCR sampel DNA Gyrodactylussp. berhasil dilakukan berdasarkan munculnya pita DNA (band) pada kisaran ukuran 1.009 bp-1.014 bp. Hasil analisis filogenetik menunjukkan Gyrodactylus sp. memiliki kekerabatan terdekat dengan spesies Gyrodactylus rysavyi dengan homologi mencapai 99%. Berdasarkan karakterisasi morfometrik dan molekuler dapat disimpulkan bahwa Gyrodactylus sp. hasil penelitian merupakan spesies Gyrodactylus rysavyi.

---

Research on morphometric and molecular characterization important to determine the diversity of Gyrodactylus sp. infected on African catfish. The results of this research can be used to develop detection methods of other fish parasites diseases. The present study aimed to identify morphometric and molecular characteristic of the Gyrodactylus sp. parasite on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Gyrodactylus was identified using median hook morphology and by sequencing the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2. Methods of this study included of sampling, microscopic examination, morphometric measurement and analysis, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, visualization, sequensing, and data analyses. The morphometric analysis of Gyrodactylus specimens reported as body length 850,00 ± 246,22 (500?1150) μm, body width 116,36 ± 19,30 (80-155) μm, pharynx length 52,50 ± 3,54 (50-55) μm, pharynx width 48,75 ± 1,77 (47,5-50) μm, opisthaptor length 56,98 ± 8,24 (44-75) μm, opisthaptor width 115,12 ± 18,17 (90-150) μm, hamulus total length 96,37 ± 7,10 (75-110) μm, hamulus point length 50,29 ± 5,72 (40-62,5) μm, hamulus shaft length 55,15 ± 6,69 (37?70) μm, hamulus root length 43,80 ± 6,16 (32-55) μm, hamulus aperture distance 31,15 ± 6,91 (24-50) μm, marginal hook total length 30,00 ± 3,10 (26-35) μm, marginal hook sickle length 5,13 ± 1,53 (3,2-7,5) μm and marginal hook shaft length 24,87 ± 2,23 (22,80-29) μm. PCR analysis showed an expected band of 1.009 bp-1.014 nucleotides in length on Gyrodactylus sp. DNA sample. Phylogenetic analysis showed Gyrodactylus sp.was closely related to Gyrodactylus rysavyi species with 99% similarity. Based on morphometric and molecular characterization, Gyrodactylus sp. specimens were described as Gyrodactylus rysavyi."

"Budidaya ikan membutuhkan pemantauan parameter pH, suhu air, ketinggian air, dan kekeruhan air untuk memastikan keberlangsungan hidup dan kesehatan ikan serta menjaga tingkat stres ikan. Pada cuaca ekstrim, parameter air menjadi tidak terkendali, sehingga ikan berpotensi untuk sakit dan mati jika tidak ditangani dengan cepat. Jenis ikan yang berbeda membutuhkan nilai parameter yang berbeda juga, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pengendalian parameter kualitas yang berkelanjutan untuk menjaga kualitas air sebagai tindakan preventif. Dalam skripsi ini didesain sistem untuk mengendalikan parameter kualitas air secara otomatis berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dan sistem pemberian pakan ikan otomatis. Ikan lele sangkuriang digunakan sebagai objek penelitian selama satu bulan. Dari hasil uji coba didapatkan peningkatan massa ikan sebesar 4,55% dalam satu minggu untuk ikan yang dibudidayakan pada kolam yang terintegrasi sistem otomasi.

---

Fish cultivation requires monitoring pH, water temperature, water level, and water turbidity parameters to ensure fish’s survival and fish’s health also affect fish’s stress level. On an extreme weather, water parameters became uncontrollable, increasing fish’s stress level and giving potential for sickness dan death if not handled quickly. Different types of fish need different parameter value, therefore, a sustainable parameter quality control to maintain water quality is needed as a preventive action. In this final project, a system designed to control water quality automatically based on Internet of Things (IoT) and has an automatic feeding system. Sangkuriang catfish used as the research object for one month total duration. The result yields 4.55% fish’s mass increase in one week for fish cultivated in the automated system integrated pond."

"ABSTRACTDumbo (Clarias gariepinus) is one of walking catfish species fromAfrica. Dumbo was introduced to Indonesia in 1986. Sangkuriang (Clariasgariepinus var. Sangkuriang) is one of dumbo variant that was launched byBalai Budidaya Air Tawar Sukabumi.The study about feeding behavior of sangkuriang is using juvenile ofclarias (Clarias gariepinus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), tambaqui(Collossoma macropomum) and tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) as preys.Feeding behavior and prey preference of sangkuriang were compared withdumbo (control). Parameters were observed in this study included:aggressivity, time needed to recognize the prey, velocity to attack the prey,and number of preys eating by two variant of catfish. The study wasconducted in aquarium (artificial environment).Number of preys have been eaten by dumbo and sangkuriang wererecorded every 2 (two) hours along one day (24 hours). Data of eachparameter of dumbo and sangkuriang was compared. Data analysis was using mean difference comparison with t-test for independence variance andone way ANOVA used SPSS program release 12.0.In the feeding preference test, both of sangkuriang and dumbo wereprefer to attack juvenile of common carp and juveniles of clarias was secondpreference. But in the feeding test, both of sangkuriang and dumbopreferred to eat juvenile of clarias itself more than three other species.Feeding preference of two variant of catfish were influenced by their preybehavior. Juveniles of clarias were the weakest preys. When juveniles ofclarias needed oxygen, they would swim vertically to water surface. Its time,both sangkuriang and dumbo attacked juveniles of clarias on the weakestcondition.The time of sangkuriang ate maximum number of preys is between02.00 ? 04.00 a.m. This result is match with many other research and studiesthat say catfish is nocturnal fish. Dumbo ate preys maximum between 12.00? 14.00. There are many previous studies describe that on the special case,catfish can be active on daytime. Dumbo was more aggressive than sangkuriang. Time attacked itspreys by dumbo was faster than sangkuriang?s.. Dumbo was also morecannibal than sangkuriang. Sangkuriang ate preys more than dumbo. Bothof dumbo and sangkuriang can be serious threat if they enter into naturalenvironment, because they will attack endemic fishes."

"Studi tentang variasi genetik dan truss morphometric telah dilakukan pada dua populasi ikan lele di Sungai Musi dan Bengawan Solo dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan antara keduanya. Populasi yang diamati adalah lele lokal (Clarias batrachus) untuk kedua habitat dan lete keli (Clarias meladerma) di Sungai Musi sebagai pembanding.Sampel ikan lele diambil dari masing-masing habitat sebanyak 100 individul populasi untuk pengukuran truss. Pengukuran morfometrik dilakukan dengan ukuran komersial konvensional yakni panjang total (PT), panjang standar (PS), panjang badan (PB), dan panjang kepala (PK), serta rasio termakan (edible portion). Pengukuran secara truss morfometrik dilakukan dengan mernbagi menjadi 4 truss cell dan 6 titik homologus (dengan 21 variabel truss). Analisis elektroforesis protein (protein electrophoresis) dilakukan pada 12 enzim dari 40 individu masing-masing populasi. Jaringan yang dianalisis berasal dari hati dan otot daging bagian dorso ventral di belakang insang sebelah kid. Waktu yang digunakan untuk proses elektroforesis adalah 4 jam pada kekuatan 80 mA.Dengan menggunakan 21 variabel truss (P < 0,05) populasi Clarias batrachus di S. Musi dengan Clarias meladerma mempunyai kemiripan yang lebih tinggi dan terpisah dengan populasi C. batrachus dari B. Solo. Demikian pula dengan ukuran komersial konvensional yakni PK dan edible portion. Pengetahuan ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan mutu genetik terutama untuk budidaya.Dad 12 enzim yang dianalisis diperoleh 16 lokus dan 4 (25%) diantaranya heterozigot. Heterozigositas pada tingkat populasi (H) adalah 0,029 (populasi Bengawan Solo), 0,063 (populasi Sungai Musi), dan 0,167 untuk Clarias meladenna dari Sungai Musi. Jarak genetik C. batrachus dari S. Musi lebih dekat kepada populasi Bengawan Solo daripada populasi C. meladerma yang juga berasal dari Sungai Musi.

---

Clarias batrachus, or Catfish, is a popular fish, especially in java, where they serve as a natural food resources in most villages. Catfish comprises several species included in 30 families found world wide, with 7 families widely distributed throughout Asia, including Indonesia. At least four species are known in Indonesia, each having a different local name. Nevertheless, information concerning the genetic variation/diversity and phenotype of C. batrachus in Indonesia is not yet available.

The aim of these study is to established the relationship between morphometric and enzymatic haracters of C. batrachus from different geographic distribution, namely from the Musi river in Sumatra and Bengawan Solo river in Java. The results obtained from these studies will serve as a basic information for further research and development of this species.

The studies were conducted on two different populations of C. batrachus in the Musi and Bengawan Solo river, and a population of C. meladerma of Musi. The truss morphometric study was conducted on 100 fish from each species collected by fishing and trapping. The fish was divided into 6 truss length and 4 truss cells. Fourty fish were then frozen at -24°C for analysis of enzymes polymorphisms.

Genetic variation based on enzyme polymorphisms and multivariate analysis of truss morphometric characters suggest that catfish populations from Bengawan Solo and Musi river do not form panmictic population. Electrophoretic analysis of 12 enzymes using aqueous muscle and liver tissues revealed the product of 16 loci. Genetic variation among these enzymes in this species was observed in 4 loci (Mdh, Pgm, Gpi, and Me) at 25% of the total number of loci. Avarage heterozygosities for C. batrachus was 0.029 (Bengawan Solo) and 0.063 (Musi river), while avarage heterozygosity of C. meladerma (Musi river) was 0.167.

Truss morphometric measurement have successfully shown to be a good technique for distinguishing catfish originated from different geographic areas. Most of the significant variation in morphological shapes of catfish population were found in the anterior (head) rather than the posterior part of the body. The information obtained from these studies may be used in aquaculture for strain improvement through selection and testing."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemampuan lemna (Lemna perpusilla Torr.) sebagai fitoremediator dalam menyerap limbah nitrogen dalam budidaya ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan berupa luas tutupan lemna sebesar 14,7%, 29,4%, dan 44,1% dari kolam filter. Padat tebar ikan lele adalah 200 ekor m-3 dengan bobot rata-rata awal 9,67±1,01 g. Hasil penelitian setelah 30 hari menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan luas tutupan lemna 44,1% dapat menyerap limbah N sebesar 4,48±0,04 g N, sedangkan untuk perlakuan luas tutupan lemna 29,4% dan 14,7% dapat menyerap limbah N masing-masing sebesar 4,03±0,02 g N dan 3,50±0,07 g N. Jumlah N dalam biomassa lemna tertinggi juga dicapai oleh perlakuan luas tutupan lemna 44,1% sebesar 28,13±0,74 g N. Sintasan tertinggi 76,33±4,04% juga diperoleh pada perlakuan luas tutupan 44,1%."

"Ikan tawar lele banyak dibudidayakan di Kota Depok. Selain karena kondisi fisik yang mendukung, budidaya ikan lele dinilai lebih mudah dan cepat bila dibandingkan dengan budidaya ikan air tawar lainnya. Luas kolam budidaya di Depok semakin menurun dari tahun 2005 - 2007, namun produksinya terus meningkat. Hal tersebut menandakan produktivitas yang meningkat pada periode tersebut.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola keruangan budidaya ikan air tawar lele di Kota Depok berdasarkan jarak dari hulu sungai. Sungai yang akan dianalisis adalah sungai Angke, Pesanggrahan dan Ciliwung. Kemudian akan dianalisis mengenai hubungan produtivitas dengan jarak dari hulu sungai dengan menggunakan analisis statistik dan keruangan. Selain itu akan dilihat pula kaitan produktivitas dengan teknologi budidaya ikan. Sehingga akan menghasilkan pola keruangan produktivitas budidaya ikan air tawar lele di Depok.Hasil yang didapat adalah semakin jauh jarak lokasi budidaya ikan lele dari hulu sungai, semakin kecil produktivitasnya. Dari tiga variabel teknologi pertanian, hanya variabel jenis pakan yang memiliki beda rata-rata produktivitas ikan lele yang signifikan. Variabel jenis pakan memiliki korelasi positif dengan produktivitas budidaya ikan lele.

---

Many Freshwater Fish (Clarias sp.) has cultivated in Depok City. Beside supported by physical landscape which suitable for Clarias sp., Clarias sp. cultivation was easier dan faster to take care than another fish freshwater cultivation. The area of fishpond in Depok was decrease from 2005 until 2007, but the production was increase in the same period.

The goal of this reaserch is to know about spatial pattern of freshwater fish (Clarias sp.) cultivation productivity in Depok City which based on length from upper course of river. The river that will be analysis are Angke, Pesanggrahan, and Ciliwung. After that, will be analysed about correlation between productivity and length from upper course of river, with statistical and spatial analysis. The next step is will be analysed about correlation between productivity and freshwater fish cultivation technology.

The result of this research is more far the Clarias sp.cultivation location from upper course, the Clarias sp. productivity is more deacrease. From three freshwater fish cultivation technology variables, just feed variable that has positive correlation with productivity."

"Keberadaan plastik petroleum menjadi permasalahan karena memiliki dampak lingkungan dengan sifatnya yang non-biodegradable sehingga membutuhkan waktu lama untuk terurai, juga dampak kesehatan dengan adanya potensi mengontaminasi jika berperan sebagai pengemas bahan pangan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alternatif pengganti bahan baku plastik petroleum yang lebih bersifat biodegradable dan food-grade untuk meminimalisir terjadinya permasalahan tersebut. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan edible film berbasis biokomposit protein ikan lele dengan metode enzymatic cross-linking Transglutaminase serta penambahan Nanokristalin Selulosa (NCC) sebagai material penguat. Penggunaan metode enzymatic cross-linking Transglutaminase dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan fisik dari edible film protein meliputi ketebalan (75-20 μm), kelarutan (96,208-20,43%), TS (5,799-10,02 MPa) dan EAB (80-13%) dengan membentuk ikatan cross-linking ε-(-γ-glutamyl) lysine iso-peptide yang terdeteksi berdasarkan pergeseran pita serapan Amida II (1550-1530 cm-1) dengan analisis FTIR. Namun, mengurangi nilai transparansi dari edible film dimana TG-05 menghasilkan nilai transparansi terendah sebesar 3,27. Formulasi TG-05 digunakan sebagai formulasi awal pembuatan edible film protein dengan penambahan NCC. Edible film protein dengan penambahan 10% mengalami peningkatan pada sifat fisik dan mekanik jika dibandingkan dengan edible film berbasis protein meliputi ketebalan, TS dan EAB, tetapi mengalami penurunan pada kelarutan terhadap air dan transparansi. Sementara edible film protein dengan penambahan 15% memiliki peningkatan pada ketebalan, namun menghasilkan efek terbalik (reversed effect) dengan mengalami penurunan pada sifat mekanik dan fisik meliputi TS dan EAB, serta kelarutan, karena terjadi aglomerasi di beberapa sisi edible film. Analisis FTIR mendeteksi adanya pergeseran panjang gelombang pada edible film berbasis protein dan NCC yang mengindikasi adanya interaksi intermolekular via ikatan hidrogen antara protein dengan NCC pada daerah 3400-3200 cm-1.

---

The existence of petroleum plastics is a problem because its non-biodegradable thus it takes a long time to decompose, as well as health effect with a potential to contaminate if it is as a food packaging. Therefore, it needs an alternative to substitute the petroleum plastic’s raw material with biodegradable and food grade material to minimize these problems. In this research, catfish protein-based edible film was made using enzymatic cross-linking method by Transglutaminase enzyme and the addition of Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC) as reinforcement. Using enzymatic cross-linking method by Transglutaminase could improve mechanical dan physical properties of protein edible films including thickness (75-20 μm), solubility (96,208-20,43%), TS (57,99-10,02 MPa) and EAB (80-13%) by forming cross-linking bond of ε-(-γ-glutamyl) lysine iso-peptide which was detected based on the wavelength shift in Amide II (1550-1530 cm-1) by FTIR analysis. However, it reduced the transparancy value of edible film where TG-05 is the lowest value of 3,27. TG-05 formulation was used as the main formulation for protein-based edible film with NCC addition. Protein-based edible film with 10% addition of NCC had an increased in physical and mechanical properties when it compared to protein-based edible film including thickness, TS and EAB, but had an decreased in water solubility and transparency. Meanwhile, 15% addition of NCC had an increased in thickness but it obtained the reversed effect by decreasing TS and water solubility also increasing EAB because the agglomeration which occurred on the several sides of edible film. FTIR analysis detected a wavelength shift on protein-NCC edible film which indicated an intermolecular interaction via hydrogen bonds between proteins and NCC in 3400-3200 cm-1 region."