Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKPada penelitian ini telah berhasil disintesis karbon mesopori terimpregnasi trietilentetraamina (TETA) dan metil dietanol amina (MDEA). Karbon mesopori dibuat melalui metode soft template dengan phloroglucinol dan formaldehida sebagai prekursor karbon, Pluronic F-127 sebagai agen pembentuk struktur dan HCl sebagai katalis. Pada penelitian ini, karbon aktif komersil terimpregnasi TETA dan MDEA digunakan sebagai pembanding. Karbon mesopori dan karbon aktif terimpregnasi TETA dan MDEA dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR, CHN analyzer dan analisa luas permukaan untuk memperhatikan pengaruh impregnasi terhadap struktur pada material tersebut.Impregnasi meningkatkan kadar nitrogen pada karbon mesopori dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi TETA dan MDEA yang diimpregnasi. Spektrum FT-IR karbon mesopori terimpregnasi TETA memiliki puncak-puncak serapan yang merupakan karakteristik bilangan gelombang dari TETA. Spektrum FT-IR karbon mesopori terimpregnasi MDEA memiliki puncak-puncak serapan yang merupakan karakteristik bilangan gelombang dari MDEA. Hasil analisis permukaan memperlihatkan impregnasi TETA dan MDEA menurunkan luas permukaan dan volume pori namun masih mempertahankan sifat mesoporinya. Hasil ini memperlihatkan karbon mesopori terimpregnasi TETA dan MDEA berhasil disintesis.Adsorpsi CO2 dilakukan dengan autoclave sistem batch. Hasil adsorpsi CO2 memperlihatkan karbon aktif memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi CO2 lebih besar dibandingkan karbon mesopori. Hasil adsorpsi CO2 pada karbon mesopori terimpregnasi TETA dan MDEA memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi CO2 yang meningkat dibandingkan karbon mesopori. Sedangkan kapasitas adsorpsi CO2 pada karbon aktif terimpregnasi TETA dan MDEA mengalami penurunan. Regenerasi adsorben memperlihatkan penurunan kapasitas adsorpsi CO2 selama pengujian lima kali siklus. Hal ini diakibatkan dari CO2 yang teradsorp sebelumnya belum sepenuhnya hilang sehingga mengganggu adsorpsi berikutnya. Selain itu, pemanasan pada saat regenerasi menyebabkan terjadi desorpsi amina pada karbon mesopori terimpreganasi TETA dan MDEA.

---

ABSTRACTThis research has successfully synthesized triethylenetetraamine (TETA) and methyl diethanol amine (MDEA) impregnated-mesoporous carbon. Mesoporous carbon was prepared through soft-template method with phloroglucinol and formaldehyde as carbon precursors, Pluronic F-127 as the structure directing agent and HCl as the catalyst. In this research, TETA and MDEA-impregnated activated carbon were used as comparison. TETA and MDEA impregnated mesoporous carbon and activated carbon were characterized by FTIR, CHN analyzer and surface area analysis to observe the effect impregnation on material structure.Impregnation increased the nitrogen content on the mesoporous carbon with increasing concentrations of TETA and MDEA impregnation. The FT-IR spectrum of TETA impregnated mesoporous carbon had absorption peaks that TETA?s characteristic wavenumber. The FT-IR spectrum of MDEA impregnated mesoporous carbon had absorption peaks MDEA?s characteristic wavenumber. The results of surface analysis showed impregnation TETA and MDEA decreased surface area and pore volume but still maintained mesoporous character. These results showed that TETA and MDEA-impregnated mesoporous carbon were successfully synthesized.CO2 adsorption performed with autoclaved-reactor in batch system. CO2 adsorption result showed the CO2 adsorption capacity of activated carbon higher than the mesoporous carbon. CO2 adsorption from TETA and MDEA impregnated mesoporous carbon have CO2 adsorption capacity increased than the mesoporous carbon. But the CO2 adsorption capacity of the TETA and MDEA-impregnated activated carbon decreased. Regeneration adsorbent showed decrease in CO2 adsorption capacity during five time cycles test. This is due to the CO2 adsorbed previously didn?t completely removed and interfere next adsorption. Futhermore, the heating for regeneration caused desorption amine on TETA and MDEA impregnated mesoporous carbon."

"Karbon mesopori telah berhasil disintesis melalui metode soft template dengan Pluronic F-127 sebagai agen pembentuk pori; phloroglucinol dan formaldehida sebagai sumber karbon. Material ini dimodifikasi lebih lanjut dengan etilendiamin (EDA) dan trietilentetramin (TETA). Struktur dan sifat dari karbon mesopori termodifikasi dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR, Analisis Luas Permukaan, EDS, XRD, dan FE-SEM. Spektra FTIR dari karbon mesopori termodifikasi gugus amina memiliki puncak serapan 3100~3600 cm-1, 1485~1579 cm-1, dan 2924 cm-1 yang merupakan karakter dari senyawa amina. Analisis unsur menunjukkan karbon mesopori termodifikasi 50% EDA dan karbon mesopori termodifikasi 50% TETA memiliki kandungan nitrogen masing-masing 23,23% dan 20,24%. Analisis luas permukaan pada karbon mesopori termodifikasi memperlihatkan berkurangnya luas permukaan, volume pori, dan diameter pori namun masih mempertahankan sifat mesoporinya. Hasil ini menunjukkan karbon mesopori telah berhasil dimodifikasi dengan gugus amina. Karbon mesopori termodifikasi gugus amina telah diuji sebagai adsorben CO 2 dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan karbon mesopori tanpa modifikasi. Kadar CO 2 sebelum dan sesudah melewati adsorben dihitung dengan metode titrasi. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan gugus amina telah berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan adsorpsi dari karbon mesopori.

---

Mesoporous carbon has been successfully synthesized by soft templating method with Pluronic F-127 for generation of porous carbon structures; phloroglucinol and formaldehyde as carbon source. Furthermore, the mesoporous carbon was modified with ethylenediamine (EDA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA). The structure and properties of the modified mesoporous carbon were characterized by using XRD, FTIR, Surface Area Analysis, EDS, XRD, and FE-SEM. The FTIR spectra of amine-modified mesoporous carbon have peaks at 3100~3600 cm-1, 1485~1579 cm-1, and 2924 cm-1 which is characteristic of amine compounds. Elemental analysis showed that the 50% EDA-modified mesoporous carbon and 50% TETA-modified mesoporous carbon has 23.23% and 20.24% nitrogen content, respectively. Surface area analysis of this material showed surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter have decreased but still maintained mesoporous character. These results indicated mesoporous carbon has been successfully modified with amine groups. The amine-modified mesoporous carbon has been tested as CO 2 adsorbent and compared to the parent mesoporous carbon. The amount of CO 2 before and after adsorption were measured with titration method. The result showed that amine groups have successfully improved the CO 2 adsorption of mesoporous carbon."

"ABSTRAKRevolusi industri meningkatkan konsentrasi CO2 di atmosfer yang berdampak padaefek rumah kaca yang memicu pemanasan global. Oleh karena itu, dilakukanpenelitian untuk menangkap (capture) CO2 menggunakan karbon mesoporitermodifikasi gugus amina. Penelitian ini membandingkan kemampuan adsorpsiCO2 menggunakan karbon mesopori hasil sintesis dan karbon aktif komersial,kemudian dibandingkan juga jika keduanya dimodifikasi dengan gugus amina.Karbon mesopori disintesis melalui metode soft template menggunakanphloroglucinol dan formaldehida sebagai sumber karbon; serta Pluronic F-127sebagai agen pembentuk pori. Karbon mesopori hasil sintesis dan karbon aktifkomersial kemudian dimodifikasi dengan triethylenetetramine (TETA) untukmeningkatkan kemampuan adsorpsi CO2. Hasil XRD menunjukkan adanya duapuncak yang melebar dan tidak tajam pada 2θ = 24,21º dan 2θ = 43,85º, menurutindeks JCPDS, No. 75-1621 puncak ini adalah puncak khas untuk material karbongrafit heksagonal. Berdasarkan karakterisasi FTIR, karbon mesopori hasil sintesismemiliki kesamaan dengan karbon aktif komersial, yaitu tidak adanya puncakserapan yang muncul. Setelah dimodifikasi dengan TETA muncul puncak serapanpada daerah sekitar 1580-1650 cm-1 yang merupakan vibrasi N-H bending danpuncak serapan pada daerah sekitar 3150-3380 cm-1 yang merupakan vibrasi N-Hstretching. Berdasarkan analisis BET, didapatkan informasi bahwa modifikasidengan TETA menurunkan luas permukaan, volume pori, dan diameter pori. Luaspermukaan karbon mesopori menurun dari 407,278 m2/g menjadi 205,559 m2/gsetelah dimodifikasi dengan 10% TETA dan 208,300 m2/g setelah dimodifikasidengan 20% TETA. Volume pori karbon mesopori menurun dari 0,6355 cm3/gmenjadi 0,4149 cm3/g setelah dimodifikasi dengan 10% TETA dan 0,4199 cm3/gsetelah dimodifikasi dengan 20% TETA. Uji adsorpsi CO2 menunjukkan bahwakarbon mesopori memiliki kemampuan adsorpsi CO2 yang lebih baik daripadakarbon aktif komersial dan modifikasi dengan TETA mampu meningkatkanadsorpsi CO2. Karbon mesopori mampu mengadsorpsi CO2 sebanyak 9,916mmol/g dan karbon aktif mampu mengadsorpsi CO2 sebanyak 3,84 mmol/g selama3,5 jam waktu adsorpsi, karbon mesopori tiga kali lebih baik daripada karbon aktifdalam mengadsorpsi karbon dioksida. Karbon mesopori termodifikasi 50% TETAmampu mengadsorpsi CO2 terbesar yaitu 19,341 mmol/g, kemampuan adsorpsikarbon dioksida meningkat sekitar 95% setelah dimodifikasi dengan 50% TETAdaripada karbon mesopori tanpa modifikasi.

---

ABSTRACTThe Industrial Revolution was increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmospherethat have an impact on the greenhouse effect which lead to global warming.Therefore, capture CO2 using mesoporous carbon modified amine group arestudied. This research will compare the ability of CO2 adsorption using synthesizedmesoporous carbon and commercial activated carbon, and compared if they aremodified by amine group. Mesoporous Carbon were synthesized by soft templatemethod using phloroglucinol and formaldehyde as a carbon source; and Pluronic F-127 as a mesoporous agent. Synthesized mesoporous carbon and commercialactivated carbon were modified with triethylenetetramine (TETA) to increase CO2adsorption capacity. Based on FTIR characterization, the synthesized mesoporouscarbon and the activated carbon without modification process has similarity pattern.After the modification, both of them showed absorption peaks in the area around1580 to 1650 cm-1 which is known as N-H bending vibration and absorption peaksin the area around 3150 to 3380 cm-1 which is known as N-H stretching vibration.The XRD results showed two peaks were widened and rounded at 2θ = 24.21º and2θ = 43.85º, According to JCPDS index No. 75-1621, those peaks are the typicalpeak for hexagonal carbon graphite. In BET analysis, the modifications by TETAcan decrease surface area, pore volume and pore diameter. Mesoporous carbonsurface area decreased from 407.278 m2/g to 205.559 m2/g after being modifiedwith 10% TETA and 208.300 m2/g after being modified with 20% TETA. The porevolume of mesoporous carbon decreases from 0.6355 cm3/g to 0.4149 cm3/g afterbeing modified with 10% TETA and 0.4199 cm3/g after being modified with 20%TETA. The testing adsorption of CO2 showing that the mesoporous carbon is betterthan the commercial activated carbon for CO2 adsorption and modified with TETAable to increase the adsorption of CO2. Mesoporous carbon is able to adsorb CO2of 9.916 mmol/g and the activated carbon is able to adsorb CO2 of 3.84 mmol/g for3.5 hours adsorption, mesoporous carbon three times better than activated carbonfor adsorption of carbon dioxide. The modified mesoporous carbon 50% TETA isthe most able to adsorb CO2 of 19.341 mmol/g, carbon dioxide adsorption capacityincreased by about 95% after being modified with 50% TETA.;"

"ABSTRAKMetil-Dietanol-Amina MDEA - 2-Amino-2-Metil-1-Propanol AMP - Trietilena-Tetramina TETA adalah campuran alkanolamina yang menjanjikan untuk menangkap karbon dioksida CO2 . Kemampuan absorpsi dan desorpsi MDEA-AMP-TETA dengan menggunakan campuran alkanolamina diketahui dari hasil studi eksperimental ini. Eksperimen absorpsi dilakukan pada 1 atm dan 40 C dengan menggunakan 15 v/v CO2. Pada proses absorpsi CO2, konsentrasi alkanolamina memiliki peranan penting pada kemampuan absorpsi. Konsentrasi masing-masing alkanolamina sebesar 1 mol/L M MDEA-2M AMP-1,5M TETA, 1,5M MDEA-1,5M AMP-1,5M TETA, 2M MDEA-1M AMP-1,5M TETA, dengan total konsentrasi dibuat konstan pada 4,5M. Eksperimen desorpsi CO2, temperatur desorpsi memiliki peranan penting, sehingga dilakukan variasi temperatur desorpsi 70 -90 C. Didapatkan 1,5M MDEA-1,5M AMP-1,5M TETA memiliki kapasitas CO2 loading terbesar. 2M MDEA-1M AMP-1,5M TETA dengan temperatur desorpsi 90 C dapat mendesorpsi CO2 terbesar.

---

ABSTRACTMethyl Diethanol Amine MDEA 2 Amino 2 Methyl 1 Propanol AMP Triethylene Tetramine TETA is a promising aqueous alkanolamina blends for carbon dioxide CO2 capture. The absorption and desorption performance of MDEA AMP TETA using alkanolamina blends solutions were investigated. The absorption experiment were carried out at 1 atm and 40 C using 15 v v CO2. In the process of CO2 absorption, alkanolamina concentration played important effects on the absorption performance. Concentration of each alkanolamina were varied into 1 mol L M MDEA 2M AMP 1,5M TETA, 1,5M MDEA 1,5M AMP 1,5M TETA, 2M MDEA 1M AMP 1,5M TETA, total alkanolamina solutions concentration were kept constant at 4.5M. In the process of CO2 desorption from the used absorbent, desorption temperature played an important role on the desorption behavior. It will be varied into 70 90 C. It was discovered 1,5M MDEA 1,5M AMP 1,5M TETA has the greatest CO2 loading capacity. 2M MDEA 1M AMP 1,5M TETA with temperature desorption at 90 C has the greatest CO2 desorption."

"ABSTRAKKarbon dioksida (CO2) merupakan senyawa yang potensial digunakan sebagai sumber karbon dalam sintesis fine chemicals karena keberadaannya melimpah di alam, bersifat non toksik, ekonomis, dan termasuk ke dalam sumber yang dapat diperbaharui. Namun pemanfaatan CO2 secara luas masih terkendala karena sifatnya yang inert dan stabil. Oleh karena itu, keberadaan katalis sangat diperlukan dalam proses konversi CO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis Cu terimpregnasi pada karbon mesopori sebagai katalis karboksilasi fenilasetilena dengan CO2 menjadi asam karboksilat. Pembuatan karbon mesopori dilakukan dengan metode soft template menggunakan Pluronik F-127 sebagai pembentuk pori, formaldehida dan floroglusinol sebagai sumber karbon, dan HCl sebagai katalis asam. Material Cu/MC yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR, XRD, SAA, dan SEM-EDX. Analisis BET terhadap karbon mesopori menunjukkan bahwa material tersebut memiliki luas permukaan sebesar 405,8 m2/g dengan rata-rata pori sebesar 7,2 nm. Hasil analisa dengan XRD memperlihatkan puncak pada 2θ 36,62°; 43,47°; 50,63°; dan 74,19° yang mengindikasikan bahwa Cu telah berhasil terimpregnasi yang mewakili spesi Cu(0) dan Cu(I). Reaksi karboksilasi fenilasetilena dengan CO2 dilakukan dengan variasi suhu (25°C; 50°C; dan 75°C), variasi jumlah katalis (28,6; 57,2; dan 85,8 mg) dan variasi basa (Cs2CO3; K2CO3; dan Na2CO3). Hasil reaksi dianalisa dengan HPLC dan memperlihatkan %konversi terbaik terjadi pada suhu 75°C yaitu 41,32% dengan menggunakan Cs2CO3 sebagai basa, dan produk yang terbentuk diidentifikasi dengan FTIR dan LC-MS.

---

ABSTRACTCarbon dioxide (CO2) is a compound that has the potential to be used as carbon source in the synthesis of fine chemicals because it is abundant in nature, non-toxic, inexpensive, and is included as a renewable source. However, utilization of CO2 is stillconstrained due to its inert and stable nature. Therefore, the presence of a catalyst is needed in CO2 conversion. This study aims to synthesize impregnated Cu on mesoporous carbon (Cu/MC) as a catalyst for phenylacetylene carboxylation reaction with CO2 into carboxylic acid. The synthesis of mesoporous carbon was performed via soft template method using Pluronic F-127 as a pore forming agen, formaldehyde and phloroglucinol as carbon sources, and HCl as an acid catalyst. The Cu/MC material produced was characterized by FTIR, SAA, XRD, and SEM-EDX. BET surface area analysis of mesoporous carbon showed that the material has a surface area of 405.8 m2/g with an average pore diameter of 7,2 nm. XRD pattern of Cu/MC showed some sharp peaks at 2θ of 36.62°; 43.47°; 50.63°; and 74.19° which indicates that Cu has been successfully impregnated in the form of Cu(0) and Cu(I). Phenylacetylene carboxylation reaction with CO2 was carried out by varying reaction temperatures (25, 50, and 75 °C), the amount of catalyst (28.6, 57.2, and 85.8 mg) and the type of base (Cs2CO3, K2CO3, and Na2CO3). The reaction mixtures were analyzed by HPLC and showed that highest phenylacetylene conversion of 41% was obtained for the reaction at 75°C using Cs2CO3 as a base. The product was further identified using FTIR and LCMS."

"ABSTRAKKarbon mesopori telah berhasil disintesis dengan metode soft template menggunakan phloroglucinol dan formaldehida sebagai sumber karbon dan Pluronic F127 sebagai template. Material kemudian diimpregnasi dengan Ni II dilanjutkan dengan reduksi dengan H2 sehingga terbentuk nanopartikel Ni yang terimpregnasi dalam karbon mesopori. Analisis dengan XRD menunjukkan difraksi pada 25 dan 44o yang merupakan difraksi dari karbon grafitik. Selain itu difraksi pada 45 dan 52o menunjukkan keberadaan Ni 0 . Analisis EDX mengungkap kandungan Ni dalam beberapa karbon mesopori sebesar 0,1 hingga 24 . Analisis luas permukaan memberi informasi karbon mesopori memiliki luas permukaan sebesar 387,7 m2/g dan pori 7,4 nm. Impregnasi dengan Ni akan memperkecil luas permukaan maupun ukuran pori. Analisis dengan XPS mengonfimasi keberadaan Ni dengan bilangan oksidasi nol. Material digunakan sebagai katalis untuk reaksi hidrogenasi CO2. Reaksi hanya dapat berlangsung jika terdapat Ni 0 sebagai pusat aktif pada karbon mesopori. Semakin banyak Ni 0 semakin besar konversinya meskipun tidak berpengaruh terhadap persen hasil yield . Konversi terbesar didapat dari katalis Ni-MC 30 dengan konversi dan yield berturut-turut 94,6 dan 3,5 pada suhu 673 K.

---

ABSTRACT Mesoporous Carbon has been successfully synthesized via soft template method using phlroglucinol and formaldehyde as carbon precursors and Pluronic F127 as template. The material was impregnated with Ni II and reduced with H2 to obtainNi metal. XRD analysis showed diffraction peaks on 25 and 44o which are characteristic of graphitic carbon. In addition, diffraction on 45 and 52o showed the existence of Ni 0 . EDX analysis showed the Ni content in mesoporous carbon, that was 0.1 to 24 . Surface area analysis gave information about surface area of 387.7 m2 g and pore diameter of 7.4 nm. Ni impregnation is presumed to reduce both surface area and pore diameter of mesoporous carbon. XPS analysis confirmed zero oxidation state of Ni. This material was used as catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation reaction. This reaction gave product only in the presence of Ni. The higher the Ni content the higher the conversion though the yield is unchanged. The highest conversion is shown by Ni MC 30 with conversion of 94.6 and yield of 3.5 at 673 K."

"Peningkatan konsentrasi CO2 di atmosfer memberikan dampak kenaikan suhu dan perubahan iklim. Adsorpsi dengan adsorben merupakan pemisahan CO2 yang memiliki konsumsi energi dan biaya yang rendah. Karbon aktif dipilih sebagai adsorben karena memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi CO2 yang lebih baik pada tekanan atmosfer dan suhu yang tinggi. Ranting tanaman teh dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif karena memiliki kandungan karbon yang tinggi yaitu 53%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan pengaruh pembuatan karbon aktif dari ranting teh melalui karbonisasi 400°C selama 1 jam menggunakan gas N2, dan aktivasi fisika pada suhu aktivasi yang divariasikan, yaitu 600, 700, dan 800°C selama 4 menit dengan pemanfaatan alat APS (arc plasma sintering), terhadap pembentukan pori, luas permukaan, pembentukan gugus fungsi, serta struktur dan ukuran kristal. Karakterisasi karbon aktif didapatkan melalui SEM, BET, FTIR, dan XRD. Kemudian, melalui alat TPD-CO2, jumlah kapasitas adsorpsi CO2 pada karbon aktif dari ranting teh dapat terukur. Melalui proses karbonisasi dan aktivasi fisika, didapatkan karbon aktif dengan luas permukaan 86,668 m2/g dan kapasitas adsorpsi 2,057 mmol/g yang optimal pada suhu aktivasi fisika 800°C.

---

Increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere have an impact on rising temperatures and climate change. Adsorption with adsorbents is a CO2 separation that has low energy consumption and costs. Activated carbon was chosen as an adsorbent because it has better CO2 adsorption capacity at atmospheric pressure and high temperature. Tea plant twigs can be used as raw material for making active carbon because they have a high carbon content, namely 53%. This research was conducted to obtain the effect of making activated carbon from tea twigs through carbonization at 400°C for 1 hour using N2 gas, and physical activation at varied activation temperatures, namely 600, 700, and 800°C for 4 minutes using the APS (arc plasma sintering), on pore formation, surface area, formation of functional groups, as well as crystal structure and size. Characterization of activated carbon was obtained through SEM, BET, FTIR, and XRD. Then, using the TPD-CO2, the amount of CO2 adsorption capacity on activated carbon from tea twigs can be measured. Through the carbonization and physical activation process, activated carbon was obtained with a surface area of 86,668 m2/g and an adsorption capacity of 2,057 mmol/g which was optimal at a physical activation temperature of 800°C."

"Carbon dioxide is a renewable C1 resource for synthesis chemicals. CO2 in carboxylation reactions requires catalysts Ni complex for CO2 activation. However, the use of Ni complex homogeneous catalysts in the reaction is still less efficient due to the difficult in separating the product and catalyst. Therefore, it is necessary to heterogenize the Ni complex in solid supporting such as mesoporous carbon. In this research, a carboxylation reaction with CO2 was tested using a Ni catalyst that was functionalized with phenanthroline (phen) ligand impregnated on the solid support of mesoporous carbon. Soft template method has been successfully used in mesoporous carbon synthesis with phloroglucinol and formaldehyde prekursors as a carbon source, Pluronic F127 as a structural directing agent, and HCl as an acid catalyst. Modification of the catalyst was carried out by impregnation of Ni from Ni(NO3)2.6H2O which was then functionalized with phenanthroline (phen) ligands into mesoporous carbon to form Ni-phen/MC catalysts. Mesoporous carbon material (MC) and Ni-phen/MC are characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and SAA. The results of SAA characterization showed that the pore diameter of MC was 6.7174 nm and Ni-phen/MC was 5.08 nm which indicate that the material was mesoporous. Ni-phen/MC material was then used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the carboxylation reaction of phenylacetylene with CO2. The reaction were carried out in several variations of conditions, temperature variations (25oC, 50oC and 75oC), time variations (4 hours, 8 hours and 16 hours), variations in catalyst types (MC, Ni-phen and Ni-phen/MC). Based on the results of the reaction, the optimum conditions was obtained at 25oC for 8 hour of reaction time using Ni-phen/MC catalyst. The main product of the carboxylation reaction is identified by the HPLC instrument, while the remaining catalyst that has been used in the reaction was identified using the FT-IR instrument.Carbon dioxide is a renewable C1 resource for synthesis chemicals. CO2 in carboxylation reactions requires catalysts Ni complex for CO2 activation. However, the use of Ni complex homogeneous catalysts in the reaction is still less efficient due to the difficult in separating the product and catalyst. Therefore, it is necessary to heterogenize the Ni complex in solid supporting such as mesoporous carbon. In this research, a carboxylation reaction with CO2 was tested using a Ni catalyst that was functionalized with phenanthroline (phen) ligand impregnated on the solid support of mesoporous carbon. Soft template method has been successfully used in mesoporous carbon synthesis with phloroglucinol and formaldehyde prekursors as a carbon source, Pluronic F127 as a structural directing agent, and HCl as an acid catalyst. Modification of the catalyst was carried out by impregnation of Ni from Ni(NO3)2.6H2O which was then functionalized with phenanthroline (phen) ligands into mesoporous carbon to form Ni-phen/MC catalysts. Mesoporous carbon material (MC) and Ni-phen/MC are characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and SAA. The results of SAA characterization showed that the pore diameter of MC was 6.7174 nm and Ni-phen/MC was 5.08 nm which indicate that the material was mesoporous. Ni-phen/MC material was then used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the carboxylation reaction of phenylacetylene with CO2. The reaction were carried out in several variations of conditions, temperature variations (25oC, 50oC and 75oC), time variations (4 hours, 8 hours and 16 hours), variations in catalyst types (MC, Ni-phen and Ni-phen/MC). Based on the results of the reaction, the optimum conditions was obtained at 25oC for 8 hour of reaction time using Ni-phen/MC catalyst. The main product of the carboxylation reaction is identified by the HPLC instrument, while the remaining catalyst that has been used in the reaction was identified using the FT-IR instrument."

"Pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim merupakan isu lingkungan terbesar pada abad ke-21 yang mengakibatkan emisi gas CO2 yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Peningkatan emisi gas CO2 yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia menyebabkan upaya pengurangan emisi terus dilakukan. Reaksi hidrogenasi merupakan salah satu reaksi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengubah CO2. Sifat CO2 yang stabil secara termodinamik dan inert menyebabkan katalis digunakan untuk mempermudah reaksi. Katalis berbasis nikel merupakan katalis yang banyak digunakan menggantikan katalis logam mulia untuk hidrogenasi CO2. Pada penelitian ini, katalis NiSn tersangga oleh karbon mesopori (NiSn/MC) disintesis untuk mengkonversi CO2 menjadi formaldehida dan metanol melalui reaksi hidrogenasi. Pola difraksi NiSn/MC menunjukkan puncak pada 26.02°; 28,6°; 33,8°; 42,5°; 44,9°; 59,2°; 71,2°; 79,5°; 86,6°. yang merupakan puncak difraksi dari grafit dan NiSn. Karakterisasi SEM-EDX mapping dan TEM menunjukkan partikel NiSn tersebar merata pada permukaan karbon mesopori dan tidak membentuk klaster tersendiri. Berdasarkan hasil reaksi yang dilakukan, material Ni5Sn1/MC memberikan konversi CO2 tertinggi sebesar 39.86% dibandingkan Ni1Sn1/MC, Ni3Sn1/MC, Ni/MC, Sn/MC, dan NiSn NPs. Yield metanol Ni5Sn1/MC sebesar 86.31 mmol/gcat. Kondisi optimum untuk reaksi hidrogenasi CO2 didapat pada temperatur 175°C dengan rasio gas CO2:H2 sebesar 1:7.

---

Global warming and climate change are the biggest environmental issues in the 21st century due to the increase of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. The increasing CO2 emissions has led to continuing efforts to reduce CO2 levels. One of the methods to reduce CO2 emission is to convert CO2 through chemical reactions such as the hydrogenation reaction into more valuable chemicals. The nature of CO2 which is stable and inert causes the reaction of CO2 needs to be facilitated by a catalyst. This research synthesized NiSn nanoparticles on mesoporous carbon (NiSn/MC) to convert CO2 into formaldehyde and methanol. The diffraction patterns of NiSn/MC exhibit peaks at 26.02°, 28,6°; 33,8°; 42,5°; 44,9°; 59,2°; 71,2°; 79,5°; 86,6° which correspond to diffraction peaks of graphite and NiSn. SEM-EDX Mapping and TEM characterization reveal that NiSn are uniformly dispersed on the mesoporous carbon surface and do not form distinct clusters. Based on the conducted reactions, Ni5Sn1/MC demonstrated the highest CO2 conversion of 39.86% compared to Ni1Sn1/MC, Ni3Sn1/MC, Ni/MC, Sn/MC, and NiSn NPs. The methanol yield of CO2 hydrogenation with Ni5Sn1/MC is 86.31 mmol/gcat. The optimum conditions for the CO2 hydrogenation reaction were achieved at a temperature of 175°C and CO2:H2 gas ratio of 1:7."

"ABSTRACTKarbon mesopori berhasil disintesis menggunakan metode soft template dengan Pluronic F-127 sebagai agen pembentuk struktur; phloroglucinol dan formaldehida sebagai prekursor karbon. Karbon mesopori hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, BET, SEM-EDX, dan FTIR. Aktifasi karbon mesopori hasil sintesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan HCl 1M dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan loading trietilentetraamina TETA sebagai senyawa bergugus amina dalam karbon mesopori. Karbon mesopori dan karbon mesopori teraktifasi dimodifikasi menggunakan TETA dengan variasi konsentrasi di bawah 50 wt. Karbon mesopori termodifikasi kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan SEM-EDX dan FTIR. Uji adsorpsi CO2 dengan adsorben karbon mesopori, karbon mesopori teraktifasi, karbon mesopori termodifikasi TETA, dan karbon mesopori teraktifasi termodifikasi TETA dengan variasi waktu pengaliran CO2 selama 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, dan 30 menit dengan waktu kontak 15 menit dan laju alir gas CO2 20 mL/menit. Sebagai perbandingan, uji adsorpsi dilakukan juga dengan karbon aktif komersial. Uji adsorpsi juga dilakukan pada laju alir 60 mL/menit selama 2,5, 5, 7,5, 10, 12,5, dan 15 menit untuk melihat pengaruh laju alir terhadap kemampuan adsorpsi CO2. Gas CO2 yang teradsorpsi dilkuantisasi dengan metode titrasi asam basa. Berdasarkan uji adsorpsi CO2, aktifasi asam berhasil meningkatkan loading TETA ke dalam karbon mesopori sehingga meningkatkan kemampuan adsorpsi CO 2.

---

ABSTRACTMesoporous carbon was successfully synthesized using soft templated method with Pluronic F 127 as structure directing agent phloroglucinol and formaldehyde as carbon precursor. The as synthesized mesoporous carbon was characterized using XRD, BET, SEM EDX, and FTIR. Activation of as synthesized mesoporous carbon was done using HCl 1 M to increase triethylenetetraamine TETA as amine group compound loading within mesoporous carbon. Mesoporous carbon and activated mesoporous carbon was modified using TETA with concentration varation under 50 wt. The modified mesoporous carbon was then characterized with SEM EDX and FTIR. Adsorption test was performed using adsorbent mesoporous carbon, activated mesoporous carbon, mesoporous carbon modified by TETA, and activated mesoporous carbon modified by TETA with flow time CO2 gas variation 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes, contact time 15 minutes, and flow rate 20 mL minute. As comparison, adsorption test was performed with activated carbon. Adsorption test was also performed with flow rate 60 mL minute for 2,5, 5, 7,5, 10, 12,5, and 15 minutes to observe the effect of flow rate on adsorption ability of CO2. Adsorbed CO2 gases was quantified with acid base titration method. From CO2 adsorption test, acid activation was successfully increased TETA loading within mesoporous carbon which increased CO2 adsorption ability."