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"ABSTRAKLaju urbanisasi, modernisasi dan pertumbuhan penduduk di negara berkembangmenjadi penyebab munculnya penyakit tidak menular (PTM). Indonesia denganpopulasi 247 juta jiwa memiliki prosentase kematian akibat PTM sebesar 71%(1.106.000 jiwa) dan 23% meninggal usia muda. Sindrom metabolik (SM) adalahkumpulan faktor risiko meliputi obesitas, resistensi insulin, dislipidemia, danhipertensi yang akan bermuara pada peningkatkan risiko terjadinya diabetesmellitus (DM) dan penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV). Tujuan penelitian ini adalahmengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolikpada pegawai instansi pemerintah yang bekerja di lingkungan pelabuhan TanjungPriok dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menemukanbahwa prevalensi sindrom metabolik pada pegawai instansi pemerintah dilingkungan pelabuhan Tanjung Priok adalah sebesar 38,7 %. Variabel independenyang signifikan dengan kejadian sindrom metaboli yaitu umur (nilai p=0,0005),lama kerja (nilai p=0,0005), asupan karbohidrat (nilai p=0,032), dan aktifitas fisik(nilai p=0,003). Variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi sindrom metabolikadalah aktifitas fisik (OR=2,066; CI 95%=1,118-3,819). Individu dengan sindrommetabolik memiliki risiko 5 (lima) kali lebih besar untuk menderita diabetesmellitus tipe 2 dan berisiko 3 (tiga) kali lebih tinggi untuk menderita penyakitkardiovaskular. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pencegahan seperti skrining,penyediaan pos PTM, peningkatan aktifitas fisik, dan konsumsi makanan sehat danbergizi.

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ABSTRACTUrbanization rate, modernization and population growth in developing countriesbecomes the causes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Indonesia with apopulation of 247 million people has a percentage of deaths from NCDs by 71%(1.106 million people) and 23% died young. Metabolic syndrome (SM) is acollection of risk factors include obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, andhypertension will lead to increasing the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) andcardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to determine whatfactors are associated with the metabolik syndrome on government employees whowork in the port of Tanjung Priok using cross sectional design study. This studyfound that the prevalence of metabolik syndrome in employees of governmentagencies in the port of Tanjung Priok is 38.7%. The independent variables weresignificant with metabolik syndrome were age (p = 0.0005), duration of working (p= 0.0005), carbohydrate intake (p = 0.032) and physical activity (p = 0.003). Themost dominant variable affecting the metabolik syndrome is a physical activity (OR= 2.066; 95% CI = 1.118 to 3.819). Individuals with metabolik syndrome have arisk five (5) times more likely to suffer from diabetes mellitus type 2 and risk of 3(three) times more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it isnecessary to conduct prevention strategies such as screening, provision of NCDspost, increasing physical activity, and consumption of healthy and nutritious food;"

"ABSTRAKLaju urbanisasi, modernisasi dan pertumbuhan penduduk di negara berkembangmenjadi penyebab munculnya penyakit tidak menular (PTM). Indonesia denganpopulasi 247 juta jiwa memiliki prosentase kematian akibat PTM sebesar 71%(1.106.000 jiwa) dan 23% meninggal usia muda. Sindrom metabolik (SM) adalahkumpulan faktor risiko meliputi obesitas, resistensi insulin, dislipidemia, danhipertensi yang akan bermuara pada peningkatkan risiko terjadinya diabetesmellitus (DM) dan penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV). Tujuan penelitian ini adalahmengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolikpada pegawai instansi pemerintah yang bekerja di lingkungan pelabuhan TanjungPriok dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menemukanbahwa prevalensi sindrom metabolik pada pegawai instansi pemerintah dilingkungan pelabuhan Tanjung Priok adalah sebesar 38,7 %. Variabel independenyang signifikan dengan kejadian sindrom metaboli yaitu umur (nilai p=0,0005),lama kerja (nilai p=0,0005), asupan karbohidrat (nilai p=0,032), dan aktifitas fisik(nilai p=0,003). Variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi sindrom metabolikadalah aktifitas fisik (OR=2,066; CI 95%=1,118-3,819). Individu dengan sindrommetabolik memiliki risiko 5 (lima) kali lebih besar untuk menderita diabetesmellitus tipe 2 dan berisiko 3 (tiga) kali lebih tinggi untuk menderita penyakitkardiovaskular. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pencegahan seperti skrining,penyediaan pos PTM, peningkatan aktifitas fisik, dan konsumsi makanan sehat danbergizi.

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ABSTRACTUrbanization rate, modernization and population growth in developing countriesbecomes the causes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Indonesia with apopulation of 247 million people has a percentage of deaths from NCDs by 71%(1.106 million people) and 23% died young. Metabolic syndrome (SM) is acollection of risk factors include obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, andhypertension will lead to increasing the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) andcardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to determine whatfactors are associated with the metabolik syndrome on government employees whowork in the port of Tanjung Priok using cross sectional design study. This studyfound that the prevalence of metabolik syndrome in employees of governmentagencies in the port of Tanjung Priok is 38.7%. The independent variables weresignificant with metabolik syndrome were age (p = 0.0005), duration of working (p= 0.0005), carbohydrate intake (p = 0.032) and physical activity (p = 0.003). Themost dominant variable affecting the metabolik syndrome is a physical activity (OR= 2.066; 95% CI = 1.118 to 3.819). Individuals with metabolik syndrome have arisk five (5) times more likely to suffer from diabetes mellitus type 2 and risk of 3(three) times more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it isnecessary to conduct prevention strategies such as screening, provision of NCDspost, increasing physical activity, and consumption of healthy and nutritious food."

"ABSTRAKAkhir-akhir ini, berbagai studi berfokus pada indeks antropometri untuk obesitas seperti lingkar pinggang (LP), rasio lingkar pinggang-lingkar pinggul (RLPP), dan rasio lingkar pinggang-tinggi badan (LP-TB) sebagai faktor prediksi sindrommetabolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi cut-off points dengan sensitivitasdan spesifistas optimal dari indeks antropometri untuk obesitas dalam mendefinisikansindrom metabolik menurut kriteria NCEP-ATP III pada pegawai di area TanjungPriok di Jakarta. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Analisis data menggunakankurva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) untuk mengindentifikasi cut-offpoints optimal dari LP, RLPP, dan LP-TB dalam memprediksi sindrom metabolik.Total sampel diperoleh sebanyak 256 responden (174 pria dan 82 wanita) berusia 20-58 tahun, yang bekerja di instansi pemerintah di area pelabuhan Tanjung Priok.Berdasarkan area under curve (AUC), didapatkan indeks antropomteri dengan angkaterbesar hingga terkcecil secara berurutan yaitu LP-TB, LP, dan RLPP. Didapati cutoffpoint LP ≥88 cm pada pria dan ≥85 cm pada wanita. Cut-off points RLPP padapria ≥0,9 dengan sensitifitas 63% dan spesifisitas 60%, sedangkan RLPP pada wanita≥0,83 dengan sensitifitas 73% dan spesifitas 62%. Didapatkan LP-TB dengan cut-offpoints 0,5, dengan sensitivitas 66% (pria) dan 67% (wanita) serta spesifisitas 65%(pria) dan 62% (wanita). Sebagai faktor prediksi sindrom metabolik, indeksantropometri dapat dipilih dengan pertimbangan kemudahan pengukuran. LP dinilailebih mudah dipraktikkan karena pengukuran tidak berbentuk rasio dan hanyamelibatkan satu pengukuran antropometri saja, sehingga bias pengukuran dapatdiminimalisir. Dibutuhkan studi longitudinal untuk memperkuat hasil penelitian ini.

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ABSTRACTRecently, many studies have focused on anthropometric indices for abdominal obesityas waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist to height ratio(WHtR) to define metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to compare WC,WHR, and WHtR and define an optimal cut-off values, which is most closelypredictive of the components of the NCEP-ATP III MetS definition among employeesin Port of Tanjung Priok, Jakarta. This study was cross-sectional study. ReceiverOperating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to examine discrimination andfind optimal cut-off values of WC, WHR, and WHtR to predict components of MetS. Itincluded 256 subjects (174 men and 82 women) aged 20-58 years, who worked inPort of Tanjung Priok. According to area under curve, we found WHtR with thehighest score, followed by WC, and followed by WHR with the lowest score. WC cutoffpoints were ≥88 cm in men dan ≥85 cm in women. WHR cut-off points were ≥0,9in men (sensitivity 63%; specificity 60%), ≥0,83 in women (sensitivity 73%;specificity 62%). WHtR cut-off points was 0,5, in men and women (sensitivity 66%and specificity 65% in men; sensitivity 67% and specificity 62% in women).Anthropometric indices for metabolic syndrome prediction could be determined byconsidering measurement complexity. WC was considered as an easy measurementbecause it`s not in ratio and involved one measurement. Bias of measurement couldbe minimized. Longitudinal studies is needed to evaluate the consistency of thefindings."

"Sindrom metabolik disebabkan oleh pola makan yang tidak sehat seperti diet tinggi lemak, karbohidrat dan fruktosa serta gaya hidup yang menetap. Hal tersebut menyebabkan akumulasi lemak pada berbagai jaringan. Obesitas menyebabkan akumulasi lemak baik di jaringan adiposa dan nonadiposa, salah satunya pada ginjal. Akumulasi lemak yang berlebih pada ginjal menyebabkan disfungsi seluler. Salah satu mekanisme yang menyebabkannya adalah peningkatan stres oksidatif. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengevaluasi efek 6-gingerol terhadap perbaikan fungsi ginjal akibat sindrom metabolik dengan pemberian diet tinggi lemak, fruktosa 55% dan streptozotocin pada tikus. Tikus yang diinduksi menjadi sindrom metabolik (SM) akan diberikan 6-Gingerol dosis 50 mg/kgBB, 100 mg/kgBB dan 200 mg/kgBB selama 8 minggu. Hewan coba dilakukan terminasi setelah 8 minggu pemberian 6-gingerol, lalu dilakukan pengambilan organ, urin dan darah untuk dianalisis parameter ekspresi gen NADPH Oksidase-4 (NOX-4), NADPH Oksidase (NOX-2), P47phox , aktivitas Glutathione peroksidase (GPx), kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA), klirens kreatinin, urea serum, aktivitas N-acetyl-β-Dglukosaminidase (NAG), kadar protein urin dan histopatologi ginjal dengan pewarnaan Hemaktosilin & Eosin dan Masson trichrome. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 6-gingerol dosis 100 mg/kgBB dan 200 mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan ekspresi gen NOX-4, P47phox, dan meningkatkan aktivitas GPx walaupun kadar MDA tidak menurun. Pemberian 6-gingerol dosis 200 mg/kgBB dapat meningkatkan klirens kreatinin, menurunkan aktivitas NAG urin dan menurunkan kadar protein urin. 6-Gingerol dosis 100 mg/kgBB dan 200 mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan total akumulasi lemak, menurunkan tubulointetstisial inflamasi dan memperbaiki penebalan membran glomerulus secara histopatologi. Namun tidak dapat menurunkan fibrosis pada tubulointerstisial. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian, maka 6-gingerol memiliki potensi dalam memperbaiki kondisi stres oksidatif dan fungsi ginjal pada tikus sindrom metabolik.

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Metabolic syndrome is caused by unhealthy eating patterns such as high fat, carbohydrates, and fructose diets as well as a sedentary lifestyle. This causes fat accumulation in various tissues. Obesity causes fat accumulation in both adipose and non-adipose tissue, which is the kidneys. Excessive fat accumulation in the kidneys causes cellular dysfunction. One mechanism that causes is increased oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 6-gingerol on the improvement of kidney function due to metabolic syndrome by administering a high-fat diet, 55% fructose, and streptozotocin to rats. Rats that are induced to develop the metabolic syndrome will be given 6-gingerol at doses of 50 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW, and 200 mg/kgBW for 8 weeks. The experimental animals were terminated after 8 weeks of 6-gingerol administration, then organs, urine, and blood were taken to determine the gene expression parameters of NADPH Oxidase-4 (NOX-4), NADPH Oxidase (NOX-2), P47phox, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, creatinine clearance, serum urea, Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, urine protein levels, and kidney histopathology with Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson trichrome staining. The results of this study show that administration of 6-gingerol at doses of 100 mg/kgBW and 200 mg/kgBW can reduce the expression of the NOX-4, P47phox genes, and increase GPx activity even though MDA levels do not decrease. Administration of 6-gingerol at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW can increase creatinine clearance, reduce urinary NAG activity, and reduce urinary protein levels. 6- Gingerol at 100 mg/kgBW and 200 mg/kgBW can decrease total fat vacuoles, decrease tubulointerstitial inflammation, and improve histopathological glomerular membrane thickening even though tubulointerstitial fibrosis do not decrease. Based on the research results, 6-gingerol has the potential to improve oxidative stress conditions and kidney function in metabolic syndrome rat."

"ABSTRAKSindrom metabolik merupakan faktor predisposisi penyakit kardiovaskular dan tingginya tingkat insidens sindrom metabolik pada pekerja menyebabkan biaya ekonomi perusahaan meningkat. Sindrom metabolik diindikasikan berhubungan dengan kerja gilir. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kerja gilir terhadap insidens sindrom metabolik pada pekerja laki-laki di perusahaan kimia. Penelitian kohort retrospektif dengan median follow-up 5 tahun ini menggunakan metode Nelson-Aalen untuk analisis hazard function. Dengan kriteria sindrom metabolik menggunakan modifikasi Definisi Harmonisasi, hasil penelitian mendapatkan tingkat insidens sindrom metabolik pada 355 pekerja gilir 62/1.000 orang-tahun, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dengan tingkat insidens pekerja non gilir 59/1.000 orang-tahun RR=1,05; IK95 =0,80-1,39 . Kumulatif hazard function pekerja gilir 0,33 lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pekerja non gilir 0,29, perbedaan juga tidak signifikan HR=1,13; p>0,05 . Pekerja umur >30 tahun mempunyai kumulatif hazard function lebih besar daripada pekerja umur 50 tahun=3,36; p

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ABSTRACTMetabolic syndrome is a predisposing factor for cardiovascular disease and high incidence rate of metabolic syndrome in workers contributes to an increase in organization rsquo s economic cost. Metabolic syndrome was indicated to be associated with shiftwork. This study aimed to assess shiftwork rsquo s effect on the metabolic syndrome incidence among male workers in a chemical company. This retrospective cohort study with median follow up 5 years, was utilizing Nelson Aalen method for hazard function analysis. Using a modified Harmonization Definition to define metabolic syndrome, results found that the metabolic syndrome incidence rate of 355 shift workers was 62 1,000 person year, no significant difference with that of day workers 59 1,000 person year RR 1.05 95 CI 0.80 1.39 . Cumulative hazard function for shift workers 0.33 was higher in comparison with day workers 0.29, but the difference was also not significant HR 1.13 p 0.05 . Workers aged 30 years old had higher cumulative hazard function than workers aged 50 years old 3.36 p"

"Sindrom metabolik merupakan konsekuensi dari hubungan yang kompleks antarafaktor genetik dan lingkungan, yang berhubungan dengan meningkatnya risikodiabetes mellitus, penyakit kardiovaskular dan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui hubungan umur, jenis kelamin, riwayat penyakit keluarga,asupan zat gizi, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, dan durasi tidur dengankejadian sindrom metabolik menurut kriteria NCEP ATP III pada pegawai RSUP Persahabatan. Populasi studi adalah pegawai yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan pada bulan April-Mei 2017. Disain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 110 responden yang dipilih dengan consecutive sampling. Data dikumpulkan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2017, meliputi pengukurantinggi badan, berat badan, lingkar pinggang, riwayat penyakit keluarga, asupanmakanan yang terdiri dari energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak dan serat, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, durasi tidur dan data sekunder berupa hasil laboratorium trigliserida, kolesterol HDL, gula darah dan tekanan darah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 7,3% responden mengalami sindrom metabolik dan 54,5% obesitas sentral. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara umur pada responden sindrom metabolik dengan yang tidak sindrom metabolik p=0,01 . Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin, asupan makanan, riwayat penyakit keluarga dan gaya hidup dengan sindrom metabolik. Meskipun demikian disarankan agar pegawai menjaga pola hidup sehat dengan olah raga teratur, makan makanan gizi seimbang dan rutin melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan.

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Metabolic syndrome is a consequence of the complex relationship betweengenetic and environmental factors, which is associated with increased risk ofdiabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and mortality. This study aims todetermine the relationship between age, sex, family disease history, nutrientintake, physical activity, smoking habits, and sleep duration with the incidence ofmetabolic syndrome according to NCEP ATP III criteria on Persahabatan Hospital staff. The study population is an employee who performs a medical examinationin April May 2017. The design of this study is cross sectional with the number of samples of 110 respondents with selected with consecutive sampling. Data werecollected in May June 2017, including measurement of height, weight, waist circumference, family disease history, food intake consisting of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber, physical activity, smoking habit, sleepduration and secondary data In the form of laboratory results triglycerides, HDLcholesterol, blood sugar and blood pressure. Results showed that 7.3% ofrespondents had metabolic syndrome and 54.5% of central obesity. There was significant association between age and metabolic syndrome and no significant association between sex, food intake, family disease history and lifestyle with metabolic syndrome. Never the less it is recommended that employees maintain ahealthy lifestyle with regular exercise, eating balanced nutrition and routine medical checks up."

"Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) telah menjadi sebab dari morbiditas dan mortalitas utama di dunia. Sindrom metabolik adalah sekumpulan gejala klinis yang akan meningkatkan risiko berkembangnya PTM, khusunya penyakit kardiovaskular dan diabetes melitus tipe 2. Hasil analisis Riskesdas menemukan bahwa prevalensi sindrom metabolik di Indonesia meningkat dari 10,8% (2013) menjadi 24,4% (2018). Pegawai kantoran sering dikaitkan dengan perilaku sedentari sehingga berpeluang untuk mengembangkan sindrom metabolik lebih tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian sindrom metabolik pada kelompok pegawai Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) Pemerintah Kota Depok tahun 2022. Penelitian dengan desain cross-sectional ini menganalisis data hasil skrining PTM pegawai Pemerintah Kota Depok tahun 2022. Sebanyak 1.128 responden yang berasal dari 21 OPD diikutkan dalam penelitian ini. Prevalensi sindrom metabolik sebesar 33,2%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan signifikan secara statistik dengan kejadian sindrom metabolik meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, IMT, riwayat PTM dalam keluarga, kadar kolesterol total, rasio kadar kolesterol total terhadap kolesterol HDL, dan aktivitas fisik. Pada analisis multivariat, variabel yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan sindrom metabolik adalah usia, IMT, dan rasio kadar kolesterol total terhadap kolesterol HDL. IMT merupakan faktor dominan yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan sindrom metabolik (PR: 3,128, 95% CI: 2,396 – 4,085).

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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Metabolic syndrome is a group of clinical symptoms that can increase the risk of developing NCDs, especially cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results of Riskesdas analysis found that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Indonesia went from 10.8% (2013) to 24.4% (2018). Office employees are often associated with sedentary behavior so that the chances of developing metabolic syndrome are higher. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with metabolic syndrome among Regional Device Organizations (OPDs) employees of Depok City Government in 2022. This cross-sectional study included secondary data from the result of health screening of Depok City Government employees in 2022. A total of 1,128 respondents from 21 OPDs were included in this study. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 33.2%. Bivariate analysis shows that the variables that were statistically significant with the metabolic syndrome included age, sex, BMI, family history of PTM, total cholesterol level, total-cholesterol-to-HDL ratio, and physical activity. In multivariate analysis, variables found to have significant association with metabolic syndrome were age, BMI, and total-cholesterol-to-HDL ratio. BMI was the dominant factor associated with metabolic syndrome (PR: 3,128, 95% CI: 2,396 – 4,085)."

"Sindrom metabolik merupakan kumpulan faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular yang ditandai oleh obesitas sentral, kadar gula darah tinggi, kadar kolesterol HDL rendah, tingginya kadar trigliserida, dan tekanan darah tinggi. Prevalensi sindrom metabolik di Indonesia tergolong tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik pada penduduk Indonesia usia >15 tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi potong lintang dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2018. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat, analisis bivariat menggunakan chi square, dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, dari 30.563 subjek, 32% memiliki sindrom metabolik. Analisis bivariat juga menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin, usia, tingkat pendidikan, tempat tinggal, status pekerjaan, konsumsi alkohol, riwayat merokok (0,000), konsumsi makanan berisiko (makanan dan minuman manis, makanan asin), konsumsi sayur dan buah, aktivitas fisik, kondisi mental emosional, dan status gizi dengan sindrom metabolik (p value = 0,05). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa usia lansia merupakan faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik (p value = 0,000; OR 8,94 ; 95% CI : 5,98 – 13,36)

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Metabolic syndrome refers to the presence of a cluster of risk factors specific for cardiovascular disease. The cluster of metabolic factors includes central obesity, impaired fasting blood glucose, low HDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels, and high blood pressure. This study aims to identify the dominant factor and related factors associated with metabolic syndrome in the Indonesian population aged 15 and over years old. This research is a quantitative research with cross-sectional study design and the data was obtained from the Indonesia Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2018. The association between risk factors and metabolic syndrome were measured through chi-square bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Multivariate analysis was done using multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 32%. The results demonstrates that age, sex, level of education, residence type, occupation status, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, fruits and vegetable intake, sweet food intake, sugar sweetened beverages intake, physical activity, mental and emotional disturbance, and nutritional status were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (p value <0,05). Elderly was the most dominant risk factor for metabolic syndrome (p value = 0,000; OR 8,94 ; 95% CI : 5,98 – 13.36)"

"Latar belakang. Berat badan lebih dan obesitas sebagai masalah kesehatan juga ditemukan di Indonesia. Obesitas berkaitan dengan sindrom metabolik, yang juga dapat ditemukan pada populasi dengan berat badan normal.Tujuan. Untuk melihat perbedaan proporsi sindrom metabolik (menurut kriteria NCEP-ATP III, dan modifikasi Asia Pasifik) pada populasi wanita obes (IMT > 25 kglm2 ) dan non-obes (IMT 18,5 - 24,9 kglm2), serta profil komponen sindrom metabolik.Metode. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitik, dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2003 - Juni 2005, di Pali Lipid dan Obesitas, Divisi Metabolik Endokrinologi RSCM. Subyek ialah perawat wanita di RSCM, berusia 20 hingga 50 tahun. Jumlah responden ialah 45 subyek obes, dan 45 non-obes.Hasil. Dari 90 responden total, 12 (26,7 %) subyek obes memenuhi kriteria sindrom metabolik menurut NCEP-ATP III. Menggunakan kriteria modifikasi Asia Pasifik, didapatkan 14 (31,1 %) subyek obes mengalami sindrom metabolik. Tidak ada subyek non-obes yang memenuhi kriteria sindrom metabolik [p < 0,0011 Tiga puluh (66,7 %) subyek obes mempunyai lingkar pinggang > 88 cm, dibandingkan 0 (0,0 %) subyek non-obes. Empat (8,9 %) subyek obes mempunyai tekanan darah 130185 mmHg, pada kelompok non-obes hanya 1 (2,2 %) subyek. Tiga (6,7 %) subyek obes memiliki kadar glukosa darah puasa a. 110 mg/dL atau merupakan pasien DM tipe 2 yang mendapat obat hipoglikemik oral, sedangkan pada kelompok non-obes tidak ada_ Tigabelas (28,9 %) subyek obes mempunyai kadar trigliserida 150 mgIdL, dan tidak ada pada kelompok non-obes. Kadar kolesterol HDL < 50 mg/dL didapatkan pada 26 (57,8 %) subyek obes, dan 9 (20,0 %) pada subyek non-obes.Simpulan. Sindrom metabolik hanya ditemukan pada populasi perawat wanita obes.

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Backgrounds. Overweight and obesity as health problems are also found in Indonesia. Obesity is related to metabolic syndrome, which can also occurs in normal weight population.

Objectives. To look at the difference in metabolic syndrome (according to NCEPATP III criteria, and modified Asia Pacific criteria) proportion within obese female population (BMI > 25 kg/m2 ) and non-obese female population (BMI 18,5 -- 24,9 kg/m2), and the profile of metabolic syndrome components.

Methods. This cross sectional study was conducted from December 2003 to June 2005, at Lipid and Obesity Clinic, Metabolic and Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Subjects were Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital female nurses, ages 20 to 50 years old. The first group consisted of 45 obese subjects, and the second group of 45 non-obese persons.

Results. Twelve (26.7 %) of obese subjects fulfilled the NCEP-ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome. Using the modified Asia Pacific criteria, there were 14 (31.1 %). None of the non-obese subjects fulfilled any of those two criteria [p < 0.001]. Thirty (66.7 %) of obese subjects had waist circumference > 88 cm, as compared to none of non-obese subjects. Four (8.9 %) of the obese subjects had blood pressure

130185 mmHg, as compared to only 1 (2.2 %) in non-obese subjects. Only 3 (6.7 %) of the obese subjects had fasting glucose levels > 110 mg/dL or had been diagnosed as DM type 2 patient and receiving oral hypoglycemic drug, whereas none of the non-obese subjects. Thirteen (28.9 %) of the obese subjects had triglyceride level > 150 mg/dL, and none of non-obese subjects. HDL-cholesterol level < 50 mg/dL was found in 26 (57.8 %) of obese subjects, and 9 (20.0 %) of non-obese subjects.

Conclusions. Metabolic syndrome was found only in obese female nurses."

"Latar Belakang Sindrom metabolik sangat serius karena diperkirakan 20 – 25% populasi orang dewasa di dunia menderita dengan kondisi tersebut. Orang dengan sindrom metabolik dua kali lipat lebih rentan meninggal karena serangan jantung dan tiga kali lebih mungkin meninggal karena stroke. Sindrom metabolik menjadi semakin umum terjadi pada pilot maskapai penerbangan komersial, dengan perkiraan prevalensi sebesar 18,28% pada pilot maskapai penerbangan komersial jarak pendek di Indonesia. Implikasi sindrom metabolik pada pilot maskapai penerbangan sangat signifikan dan dapat berdampak pada keselamatan awak pesawat dan penumpang jika tidak ditangani. Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak besar pada pengurangan lalu lintas udara, dan hal ini dapat berdampak pada paparan pilot terhadap hipoksia hipobarik di kabin dan mempengaruhi berbagai faktor gaya hidup. Studi kohort retrospektif ini menilai proporsi pilot maskapai penerbangan Indonesia yang menderita sindrom metabolik sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Metode Rekam medis pilot maskapai penerbangan yang telah melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan di Aviation Medical Center diambil untuk penelitian ini. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dari rekam medis meliputi nomor identifikasi individu pilot, usia, tekanan darah, apakah mereka sedang mengonsumsi obat tekanan darah, hasil tes darah (trigliserida, kolesterol, konsentrasi glukosa), dan jam terbang yang terakumulasi dalam waktu sekitar 6-bulan antara pemeriksaan kesehatan. Data diimpor ke SPSS 20.0 dan analisis univariat dan bivariat dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi proporsi pilot dengan sindrom metabolik, dan hubungannya dengan faktor-faktor seperti jam terbang dan usia. Hasil Peserta yang termasuk pada studi ini adalah 76 pilot maskapai penerbangan dengan data rekam medis mulai awal tahun 2019-pertengahan tahun 2021. Proporsi pilot yang menderita sindrom metabolik mencapai puncaknya sebesar 31,58% pada pertengahan tahun 2021, jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan data prevalensi 18,28% yang diperoleh dari penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya dan melebihi kisaran perkiraan prevalensi pada orang dewasa di seluruh dunia. Data menunjukkan tren bahwa semakin banyak pilot yang lanjut menderita sindrom metabolik seiring berjalannya waktu, terlepas dari jam terbang. Glukosa plasma puasa (proporsi puncak pada pertengahan tahun 2021 sebesar 30,3%).

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Background Metabolic syndrome is very serious as an estimated 20-25% of the world’s adult population suffer from it. People with metabolic syndrome are twice as likely to die from heart attack & three times as likely to die from stroke. Metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly common in commercial airline pilots, with an estimated prevalence of 18.28% among short-haul commercial airline pilots in Indonesia. The implication of metabolic syndrome in airline pilots are significant and can have repercussions on aircrew and passenger safety if left unmanaged. The COVID-19 Pandemic has had a large impact on the reduction of air traffic, and this may impact exposure of pilots to hypobaric hypoxia in cabin and influence various lifestyle factors. This retrospective cohort study assesses the proportion of Indonesian airline pilots with metabolic syndrome before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The medical records of airline pilots who have conducted medical check-ups in the Aviation Medical Centre were taken for this study. Data used in this study from the medical records include the individual pilot’s identification number, age, blood pressure, whether they are taking blood pressure medication, blood test results (triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose concentrations), and flight hours accumulated in the roughly 6-month period between medical check-ups. Data was imported into SPSS 20.0 and both univariate and bivariate analysis was done to identify the proportion of pilots with metabolic syndrome, and its association with factors such as flight hours and age. Results Participants included 76 airline pilots with medical record data spanning from early 2019 – mid-2021. The proportion of pilots with metabolic syndrome reached a peak of 31.58% in mid-2021, much higher than the 18.28% prevalence derived from a previously conducted study and exceeds the range of estimated prevalence in adults worldwide. The data suggests a trend that more pilots continued to develop metabolic syndrome over time, independent of fligh hours. Fasting plasma glucose (peak proportion in mid-2021 of 30.3%). Conclusion The proportion of pilots with MetS had an eightfold increase by the end of the study. The Proportion of pilots with hypertension had 3.21 times increase during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before. The proportion of pilots with FPG>100 mg/dL increased 2.89 times across the study period. Flight hours and MetS did not have a significant correlation, but the average median 6-month flight hours of pilots with MetS prior to the COVID-19 pandemic is greater than pilots during the COVID-19 pandemic by an average of 163 hours."