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"Salah satu usaha yang nasional adalah dengan teknologi ice slurry. Ice slurry generator dengan menggunakan scraper saat ini menjadi teknologi yang banyak dikembangkan dan digunakan secara luas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua jenis scraper yang berbeda yaitu scraper simetrik dan asimetrik untuk menghasilkan ice slurry berbahan dasar air laut. Performa dari kedua jenis scraper tersebut kemudian dinilai dari segi kecepatan penurunan suhu dan kecepatan pembentukan ice slurry dengan variasi putaran pompa dan putaran scraper yang berbeda. Dengan mengkombinasikan 12 variasi putaran pompa dan scraper, didapatkan hasil putaran yang optimum untuk pembentukan ice slurry pada masing- masing tipe scraper adalah pada putaran pompa 2074 rpm dan putaran scraper 468 rpm.

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One of the efforts to escalate national fish industry is by developing fish preservation technology with ice slurry. Ice slurry technology is highly favored for its advantage in maintaining fish freshness longer than using flake ice. The scraped- surface ice slurry generator is currently the most technologically developed and widely accepted technology in ice slurry generation. This study is using two types of different scraper, asymmetric and symmetric type with sea water as raw material. Performance of both scraper types will then be rated by its cooling rate and ice slurry generation rate with different variations of pump and scraper rotation. Combining 12 pump and scraper rotation variations and processing the data, it is found that the optimum pump and scraper rotation for ice slurry generation are 2074 rpm and 468 rpm, respectively."

"Ice slurry technology is highly favored to maintain the freshness of fish, as the cooling capacity of ice slurry is higher than that of flaked ice, tubular ice, plate ice, and block ice. One important part of an ice-slurry system is the ice generator. A mechanical scraper is the easiest type of ice-slurry generator to fabricate, because mechanical scrapers use only one type of material, such as stainless steel. The purpose of this research was to develop a prototype ice-slurry generator and analyze its performance. To enable comparison of their performance, both the R-22 and R-290 refrigerants were used as the working fluids in the refrigeration system. The study observed the time necessary to form ice and the scraper’s ability to scrape the ice on the inner surface of the evaporator. The best system included faster ice-slurry generation and a durable generator that did not freeze up. Four combinations of scraper RPM and pump RPM varied speeds from low to high. The results showed that using R-290 refrigerant and lower RPM speeds for both the scraper and the pump generated ice slurry in a shorter time."

"Kebutuhan nelayan untuk dapat menghasilkan kualitas ikan yang baik sangat tergantung dengan metode pendinginan yang dilakukan. Metode pendinginan yang ada saat ini dengan menggunakan es balok dianggap kurang efektif, Hal inidikarenakan bersifat keras dan dapat merusak ikan. Pendinginan menggunakan ice slurry berbahan dasar air laut merupakan salah satu solusi yang ditawarkan untuk menghasilkan kualitas ikan lebih segar dan lebih awet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati karakteristik sistem ice slurry generator scraper evaorator dan orbital rod evaporator. Pengujian dilakukan pada variasi temperatur ruang pada 22°C, 26°C, 30°C dan 34°C. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa pada temperatur ruang 22°C unjuk kerja sistem ice slurry generator paling baik.

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Fisheries requirement to produce fish with better quality depend on refrigeration system used. Now , refrigeration system is using a beam ice based pure water regarded not effective because its properties hard so can damage fishes.refrigeration using ice slurry based on sea water is one of solution bergained to produce better quality of fish , so that it will more fresh and long lasting. This experiment is aimed for observe characteristic ice slurry generator with scraper evaporator and orbital rod evaporator system. Performance test was conducted in several variation of room temperatur (22°C, 26°C, 30°C and 34°C). From performance test known that highest Coeficient of Performance Ice Slurry Generator System is when room temperatur 22°C."

"Ice Slurry merupakan hasil rekayasa sistem pendingin pada evaporator dengan memanfaatkan air laut sebagai media freezing point depressing additive. Teknologi ice slurry sangat berperan penting dalam proses penangkapan ikan di laut lepas, karena kualitas ikan yang di dinginkan oleh ice slurry jauh lebih baik di bandingkan oleh media pendingin lainya. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena ikan didinginkan langsung oleh air laut yang suhu kristal es dapat mencapai dan seluruh badan ikan dapat terselubungi penuh dengan es. Penggunan propane sebagai media refrigerant dapat meningkatkan waktu terbentuknya ice slurry dan propane merupakan refrigerant yang ramah lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang prototipe ice slurry dan menganalisis perfroma sistem dengan membandingkan kualitas es antara penggunaan refrigerant R-22 dan propane. Parameter kualitas es pada penelitian ini adalah banyaknya es yang terbentuk terhadap lamanya waktu sistem bekerja dan ketahanan scraper dalam melakukan pengikisan es didalam evaporator. Sehingga semakin cepat ice slurry terbentuk dan scraper dapat terus beroperasi, maka semakin baik sistem rancangan. Variasi antara putaran scraper dan pompa merupakan variabel penentu kualitas es. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pembentukan ice slurry dengan refrigerant propane lebih baik dibandingkan R-22 yang ditinjau bedasarkan waktu penurunan suhu air laut, kestabilan tekanan kerja dan perfoma scraper.

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Ice Slurry is engineered cooling system on the evaporator with the use of seawater as a medium freezing point depressing additive. Ice slurry technology plays an important role in the process of fishing on the high seas, because the quality of the fish is cooled by ice slurry is much better compared to other cooling media. This is because the fish is cooled directly by seawater temperature ice crystals can reach -10 ℃ and whole body fish can be enveloped filled with ice. The use of propane as a refrigerant media can also increase the time the formation of ice slurry and propane is an environmentally friendly refrigerant.

The Purpose of this research is to create a prototype of ice slurry and analyze perfrom of system by comparing the quality of the ice between the use of refrigerant R-22 and propane. Ice quality parameters in this study is the number of ice that forms on the length of time the system works and ablitity of scraper scorns of ice in evaporator. So the faster the ice slurry is formed and scraper can keep operated, the better the system design. Variations between rounds scraper and pump are variables determine the quality of the ice. The results of this study indicate that the formation of ice slurry with refrigerant propane better than R-22, which are reviewed by temperature of sea water, the stability of working pressure and performence of scraper."

"Banyak nelayan yang menggunakan cara lama untuk mengawetkan dan mendinginkan hasil tangkapannya dengan menggunakan es balok. Sistem pendinginan es balok kurang cocok untuk hasil tangkapan laut karena dapat merusak hasil tangkapan laut, khususnya ikan laut, diperlukan penanganan khusus agar es balok tidak mencair dan harga es balok untuk beberapa daerah pesisir maupun kepulauan di Indonesia cukup mahal. Banyak nelayan yang merugi jika berlayar selama beberapa hari tanpa memiliki alat pengawet dan pendingin hasil tangkapan laut yang efektif, efisien dan murah. Salah satu cara untuk mendinginkan dan mengawetkan hasil tangkapan laut yang efektif adalah dengan menggunakan ice slurry (bubur es). Di negara maju, untuk mengawetkan dan mendinginkan hasil tangkapan laut, biasanya para nelayan menggunakan ice slurry berbahan dasar air laut untuk hasil tangkapannya Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui unjuk kerja dari sistem Ice Slurry Generator dengan Scraper Blade Evaporator sebagai tempat pembuat ice slurry yang efisien, cepat, dan biaya operasi yang murah dan juga mengetahui hasil ice slurrynya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan perhitungan densitas ice slurry, fraksi es pada ice slurry dan performa dari sistem refrijerasi. Penelitian ini juga menghitung densitas air laut pada temperature tertentu. Pengaruh putaran RPM dari auger terhadap densitas ice slurry. Densitas mempengaruhi jumlah fraksi es yang terbentuk pada ice slurry berbahan dasar air laut. Penelitian ini menggunakan air laut dengan kadar salinitas 3% dan menggunakan variasi volume 7 liter, 9 liter dan 11 liter air laut.

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Nowadays,many fishermen using the old way to preserve and cool their catch by using ice blocks. Beam Ice cooling system is less suitable for marine catches as it can damage the marine cathces, especially sea fish/ Its required special handling in order to keep ice beam good for cooling and the price of ice beam for some coastal areas and islands in Indonesia is quite expensive. Many fishermen are loss if sailing for a few days without having preservatives and refrigeration equipment for marine catches which need an effective system, efficient and inexpensive. One way to cool and preserve the marine catches which are effective is to use ice slurry.

In developing countries, for preserving and cooling marine catches, fishermen usually use a water-based slurry ice sea for their catch. This study aims to determine the performance of the system Ice Slurry Generator with Scraper Blade Evaporator as a ice slurry maker which have a good efficiency, fast, and low operating costs and also to know the results of the products of the ice slurry.

The research was conducted by calculating the density of ice slurry, the fraction of ice in ice slurry, and the performance of the refrigerationn system . The study also calculates the density of sea water at a certain temperature. RPM auger rotation and the influence of the density of the ice slurry. The Density affects the amount of ice that forms on the fraction of ice slurry made from sea water. This study uses sea water with salinity levels of 3% and using a variation of the volume of 7 liters, 9 liters and 11 liters of seawater."

"Ice slurry merupakan media pendingin yang dihasilkan melalui rekayasa sistem refrigerasi dengan memanfaatkan air laut sebagai bahan dasarnya. Ice slurry sebagai media pendingin merupakan alternatif terbaik untuk mendinginkan ikan, hal tersebut karena seluruh badan ikan dapat tertutupi oleh es berbentuk kristal dengan diameter 0.1-0.2mm dan temperatur dibawah 0 oC. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang prototype ice slurry generator dan menganalisis laju produksi dengan membandingkan beberapa variasi salinitas air laut. Parameter dalam penelitian ini adalah laju produksi ice slurry generator hasil rancangan. Laju produksi terbaik ice slurry generator generasi ke-6 pada penelitian ini adalah 0.284 Ton/12 Hours , dihasilkan oleh air laut dengan salinitas 10 ppt dengan putaran 335 RPM pada scraper dan 1064 RPM pada pompa.

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Ice slurry is a cooling medium generated through refrigeration system engineering by utilizing sea water as its base material. Ice slurry as a cooling medium is the best alternative for fish cooling and preservation, this is because the whole body of fish can be covered by ice crystals with a diameter of 0.1 0.2 mm and temperatures below 0 oC. The purpose of this research is to design a prototype of ice slurry generator and analyze the production rate by comparing some salinity variation of seawater. The parameter in this research is the production rate of slurry ice generator specially designed for this research. The best production rate of slurry ice generator 6th generation in this research is 0.284 Ton 12 Hours , produced by 10 ppt salinity of seawater with 335 RPM rotation on scraper and 1064 RPM on the pump."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian pada bulan Januari hingga Juni 2016 mengenai analisisproksimat, uji organoleptik, dan uji fisik pakan ikan hias yang memanfaatkantepung bintang laut mahkota duri (Acanthaster planci) sebagai substitusi proteintepung ikan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membuat formulasi pakanikan hias dengan substitusi tepung A. planci yang memiliki kualitas terbaikberdasarkan analisis proksimat, uji organoleptik, dan uji fisik serta untukmengetahui kandungan gizi dari pakan ikan hias dengan substitusi tepung A.planci tersebut. Pakan yang dibuat yaitu pakan yang mengandung protein sebesar37%, 27%, dan 17% dimana sumber protein yang digunakan berasal dari dedakdan tepung ikan yang sebagian disubstitusi dengan tepung A. planci. Pakansampel dianalisis proksimat (kadar air, protein, lemak, serat kasar, bahan ekstraktanpa nitrogen, kadar abu), uji organoleptik (tekstur, aroma, warna, rasa), dan ujifisik (tingkat kekerasan, kecepatan pecah, kecepatan tenggelam). Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pakan dengan kandungan protein sebesar 27% merupakanpakan dengan formulasi terbaik karena memiliki kandungan gizi, kriteriaorganoleptik, dan kriteria fisik yang terbaik

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ABSTRACTA research about proximate analysis, organoleptic and physical test of fish mealcontained crown of thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) powder as a fish powderprotein substitution has been conducted on January until June 2016. The researchaims to produce the best quality fish meal formulation with A. planci powdersubstitute based on data of proximate analysis, organoleptic and physical test aswell as knowing the nutrient content of that fish meal. The meal contain protein of37%, 27%, and 17% made of brans and fish powder that substituted with A. plancipowder. Each fish meal types were subjected to proximate analysis (water content,protein, lipid, fiber, extract materials without nitrogen, ash content), organoleptictest (texture, flavor, color, taste), and physical test (hardness level, cracking speed,sinking speed). The results showed that fish meal of 27% protein was the bestmeal formulation because it?s nutrient content, organoleptic and physical criteriawas better than others."

"Penggunaan es balok dalam dunia perikanan di Indonesia sebagai alat untuk pendinginan ikan masih dianggap tidak efektif dikarenakan bersifat keras dan merusak ikan. Selain itu es balok memiliki kemampuan yang rendah untuk mendinginkan ikan dan di beberapa daerah sulit untuk mendapatkan es balok dengan harga terjangkau dan kualitas baik. Salah satu solusi yang ditawarkan adalah penggunaan ice slurry berbahan dasar air laut. Selain mempunyai luas kontak yang baik untuk pendinginan ikan, ice slurry juga dapat meningkatkan kualitas kesegaran ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati dan merancang sistem Ice Slurry Generator dengan Scraper Blade Evaporator sebagai tempat pembuat ice slurry yang efisien, cepat, dan biaya operasi yang murah. Pengujian dilakukan dengan melakukan perhitungan waktu pendinginan ice slurry sampai temperatur terbentuknya ice slurry dengan metode perhitungan luas kontak antara pipa coil refrigeran dengan air laut. Selain itu dilakukan perbandingan antara hasil perhitungan dengan hasil percobaan pendinginan ice slurry dengan variasi volume 7 liter, 9 liter, dan 11 liter. Dan juga dilakukan pengujian variasi putaran motor augershaft pada 57 rpm, 63 rpm, 67 rpm,dan 77 rpm untuk mengetahui pengaruh putaran motor terhadap waktu pendinginan. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah terdapat perbedaan antara hasil perhitungan dan hasil percobaan, dengan perbedaan sebesar 35.77 %. Dan didapatkan juga hasil bahwa semakin cepat putaran motor maka semakin cepat pula waktu pendinginan ice slurry.

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The use of a beam ice by a majority of fishermen in Indonesia is still considered to be less effective due to the harsh and destruction to the fish product. In addition that beam ices have a low ability to cool the fish and mantain the fish at good condition for food product. In some province in Indonesia, it is difficult to get a beam ice with reasonable price and good quality. One of proposed solution is the use of ice slurry made from sea water. In addition to having a good contact with fishes, ice slurry can also improve the quality of the freshness of the fish. This study is aimed to observe and design Ice Slurry Generator with Scraper Blade Evaporator Type as a ice slurry maker to provide an ice slurry with a good efficiency, fast, dan inexpensive operating cost.

The experimental is performed by calculating the chilling time of ice slurry untul nucletion temperature with surface area contacts method between refrigerant pipe coil with sea water. Moreover ,this study is comparising between the calculation results with the time actual results with variations of volume 7 litres, 9 litres,and 11 litres. And also variating the augershaft motor rotation at 57 rpm, 63 rpm, 67 rpm, 77 rpm, to determine the effect of motor rotation to the chilling time. Ther results obatained that there are the differences between the calculation and the experimental results, with a difference of 35.77% and also obtained the result that faster rotation of motor make the chilling time of ice slurry become faster."

"The utilization of fisheries and maritime resources in Indonesia has not been done optimally. Therefore, the information about fisheries and maritime resources still becomes a serious problem. The exploration of fisheries and maritime resources should be supported with science and technology in order to determine the accurate, effective, efficient ways in maintaining the sustainability of the resources. Acoustic method is already wellknown as one of the methods in fisheries technology. The observation about Pelagic fish density and distribution using hydro acoustic as well as observation of oceanography condition in the western part of aceh waters conducted on August 6-8, 2005. The instruments used are SIMRAD EK 60 with its Split Beam Acoustic System to observe Pelagic fish density and distribution as well as CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) Seabird model SBE-119 for climate and salinity observation. The collection of data was performed by K.M. Bawal Putih within covering area approximately 5 mile, the distance from coastal area to the offshore is about 35 mile, and 4.898 area of research width in total. The horizontal distribution of pelagic fish is mostly influenced by land condition thus more pelagic fish were found at the neurotic area, which encompasses water mass lying down on the surface of the continent. This area contains same nutrient derived from coastal area. Because of the shallow depth, the water temperature remained warm. The research results show that the highest average density is located on Meulaboh waters (Leg 13, 14, and 15) within the density value about 1752 fish/1000 m3. This condition is predicted due to suitable climate and salinity of waters. The highest temperature was 290 C (temperature average 28,50 C) and the lowest salinity 32,82 PSU, it might be happen because of the runoff from the river (rivers in Meulaboh). However, vertically, most of the density value tend to decline along with the increase of depth, the highest density occur on level 1 (1 to 10 m) about 1745 fishes /1000 m2, whereas the lowest density found on the thermo cline layer at level 9 to 10 (80 - 100m) nearly 343 fishes/1000m3. Its condition can be happened due to the decrease of fish’s tolerant level on physical condition of thermo cline layer such as: temperature effect, salinity, intensity of light and also the decrease of food supplies. Target Strength data indicated that the different variation of fish sizes depends on its depth. On first layer, strength target frequency about 60 -dB 45 Db dominated the waters, it explains that the first level is dominated by small Pelagic fish or others but it has smaller size than deep water fish. Strength target value which is relatively lower was found on near-shore area, while the higher target is quite far from the coastal area. The value of temperature and salinity in the western part of Aceh seas vertically show the same method. The warm-thick isothermal layer was observed between 80 to 120 meters. Horizontally the temperature of sea surface is various from 28,65oC to 30,15oC. The sea surface temperature increases gradually form north to south, and show the decrease from coastal area to Hindia Ocean. Salinity of sea surface on west Aceh seas doesn’t show significant variation, between 32,8 PUS and 33,7 PSU. The salinity of coast area from north to south relatively low and gradually increases to Hindia Ocean. The lowest salinity was found near the Meulaboh waters. Correlation analysis using Spearman's rho test shows a negative correlation between depth parameter and temperature (-0.691), and density of fish (-0.336). It means that water temperature and fish density will decrease in increasing depth. Positive correlation is shown between depth and salinity parameters within number 0.842 it demonstrates that in western aceh seas, there are a big influence of river discharge to the surrounding area especially in lower salinity parameter on the surface."

"Penelitian komunitas ikan yang tertangkap dengan jaring push net dan kaitannya dengan produksi serasah hutan mangrove di Pulau Panjang, Teluk Banten telah dilakukan pada bulan Oktober?Desember 2014 saat pasang purnama. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat keanekaragaman dan komunitas ikan serta mengetahui besarnya serasah yang dilepas ke perairan laut dan hubungan antara C, N, P serasah dengan C, N, P Chandidae (famili ikan dominan dalam penelitian). Metode penangkapan ikan dengan push net secara manual dan pemasangan perangkap serasah berupa paralon yang mengarah ke perairan laut di Stasiun 1 dan 2. Hasil tangkapan ikan yaitu 1.770 individu (14 famili, 16 marga, dan 22 spesies). Jumlah terbanyak di Stasiun 1 (1.213) dan bulan November (749). Nilai H? di Stasiun 1 (0,71) dan 2 (0,81) adalah rendah dan sedang, didukung rendahnya nilai E dan tingginya D. Sebanyak 51% ikan yang tertangkap adalah Ambassis gymnocephalus dari famili Chandidae. Ikan komersial yang tertangkap yaitu dari famili Mugilidae dan Serranidae. Mayoritas ikan yang tertangkap juga merupakan ikan penetap sejati (true resident) yaitu berjumlah 1.248 ekor. Biomassa serasah dan Chandidae terbesar yaitu di bulan Desember (219,49 g dan 75,85 g). Sementara Stasiun 1 memberikan biomassa terbesar untuk serasah (162,99 g) dan Stasiun 2 untuk Chandidae (19,14 g). Nilai serasah terbanyak yang dilepas ke laut yaitu pada bulan Desember di Stasiun 1 (47,47 g/m³/s). Nilai koefisien relasi C, N, P serasah dengan C, N, P Chandidae memberikan hasil yang sama yaitu 0,999. Model regresi yang terbentuk berturutturut yaitu Chandidae = 0,889 C Serasah, Chandidae = 11,367 N Serasah, dan Chandidae = 5,407 P Serasah.

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The research of fish community and its correlation with the production of mangrove forest litter in Panjang Island, Banten Bay had been conducted from October to December 2014 while spring tide. The research?s aim was to know the fish diversity and fish community, to identify mangrove litter?s value to the sea and correlation between C, N, P of mangrove litter and C, N, P of Chandidae (the biggest fish family captured). The method was used push net manually active and also water pipes were put to captured mangrove?s litter to the sea at Station 1 and 2. In total, 1770 species were captured (14 families, 16 genera, and 22 species), the most large number were at Station 1 and in November (1.213 and 749 individus). H? value at Station 1 was low (0,71), meanwhile at Station 2 was moderate (0,81). It supported by low E value. 51% fish captured was Ambassis gymnocephalus from Chandidae family. Economic value fish captured were Mugilidae and Serranidae. Mostly fish captured also were true resident fish (1.248). The biggest biomass of mangrove litter was been at Station 1 (162,99 g), while Chandidae was been at Station 2 (19,14 g). The biggest removed mangrove litter to the sea water was in December and Station 1 (47,47 g/m³/s). The Pearson correlation from C, N, P of mangrove litter and C, N, P of Chandidae gave the same value (0,999). The model of Linear Regression were Chandidae = 0,889 C Mangrove litter, Chandidae = 11,367 N Mangrove litter, dan Chandidae = 5,407 P Mangrove litter."