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ABSTRAKThe growth of inter cities trip demands the needs of toll road, especially inter cities toll road. With the volume of the vehicle increasing steadily, the toll gate should be redesign for a better services. The limitation of space makes the management need to improving the toll gate design like in Cikarang Utama Toll Gate. The not proper design of the toll gate may lead the potential conflict. The potential conflict in this study is defined as condition where vehicle performing braking as a result of movement of other vehicle. Delays in the driver to perform braking can cause the conflict. To evaluate the potental conflict that may occur, a survey has conducted to recording the flow of vehicle that through the toll gate. This study also review the toll gate design by the standard. This study shows that the taper design that used is not in accordance with the standard, such 1:3.6 where the standard used in Bina Marga is 1:5. The length of recovery zone are still not aduate enough where the existing is 40 meter while the standard is at least 50 meter length. This study defined 9 potential conflicts that occur in the toll gate. Potential conflict type 1 is the most dominant that have 45.7% of all potential conflict that happen. In addition, increasing volume of vehicles affects the intensity conflicts with correlation value above 0.5 is type 1 , 3 , 4 , and 6 .Improving tapers maybe an alternative to minimize potential conflicts and identified the potential conflict that is ongoing can increase the rate of safety ."

"Seiring dengan meningkatnya aktivitas di pusat kota dan meningkatnya jumlah kendaraan, volume lalu lintas pada jalan tol juga ikut meningkat. Tingkat kedatangan kendaraan yang semakin meningkat ini menimbulkan dampak pada gerbang tol, termasuk pada Gerbang Tol Pondok Gede Timur. Gerbang tol ini tidak mampu lagi menampung menampung volume lalu lintas yang ada, sehingga dilakukan relokasi ke Gerbang Tol Cikarang Utama.Adanya kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas dan keterbatasan lahan, membuat desain Gerbang Tol Cikarang Utama ini terdiri dari dua jalur yang terpisah dengan masing-masing jalur 14 gardu dan 7 gardu, dimana arus kendaraan dari kedua jalur tersebut bergabung kembali pada satu jalur.Pada studi ini dilakukan analisis mengenai kapasitas dan tingkat layanan pada Gerbang Tol Cikarang Utama. Teori antrian menjadi salah satu metode perhitungan yang digunakan pada analisa pada studi ini. Berdasarkan hasil analisis teori antrian, panjang antrian pada masing-masing gardu pada Gerbang Tol Cikarang Utama kurang dari 3 kendaraan setiap gardu pada hari kerja, sehingga secara teoritis jumlah gardu pada gerbang tol ini masih mampu melayani besarnya jumlah kendaraan yang datang.

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As the activity in the city center and number of vehicles increased, it also leads to increasing of traffic volume on the toll road. Arrival rate of vehicles increasing impact on toll gates, including the Pondok Gede Timur Toll Gate. This toll gate is no longer able to accommodate the existing traffic volumes, so the toll gate has been relocated to Cikarang Utama Toll Gate. The need to increase the capacity and limitations of land, making Cikarang Utama toll gate design consists of two separate lanes with each lane 14 channels and substation 7 channels, where the flow of vehicles from both lines were merged in one lane.This study analyze the capacity and level of service at Cikarang Utama Toll Gate. Queueing theory became method used in the analysis in this study. The results show that queues at each toll booth at Cikarang Utama Toll Gate less than three vehicles on weekdays, so theoritically the number of toll booths at Cikarang Utama Toll Gate is able to serve the current number of vehicle arrivel rates."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan karena permasalahan yang timbul di Gerbang Tol CibuburUtama, yaitu kemacetan di area ini khususnya pada jam padat.Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menganalisa kinerja dan efektivitas dari GerbangTol Otomatis. Sehingga diketahui permasalahannya dan dapat dicari solusiterbaik. Adapun tiga parameter yang digunakan untuk menganalisa kinerjatersebut yaitu waktu pelayanan gerbang tol, karakteristik pergerakan kendaraanmenuju gerbang tol, dan waktu antrian kendaraan dalam sistem. Setelah dilakukanperhitungan didapatkan waktu pelayanan yang memenuhi standar hanyapelayanan mobil pribadi di jam kosong dan padat serta truk engkel di jam kosong.Dimana perbandingan waktu antrian di jam kosong dan padat tidak melebihi duakali lipat.

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ABSTRACTTravel time in the city are increasing rapidly due to the increasing number of road sections in the city experiencing congestion. Congestion causes traffic jams in all sections of roads in the city. The study aims at analyzing the effectivity of automatic toll gate that applies electronic ticketing system at Cibubur Utama. Three main parameters are service time, vehicle movement characteristics and queing time. One of the findings indicates that only private vehicles and small trucks which are within standard service time. It is also found that the queing time during peak hour is less than twice the queing time during off peak hour."

"Penelitian ini memberikan bukti perhitungan mengenai analisis efektifitas pelayanan antrian pada gardu tol otomatis dan gardu tol reguler. Hasil perhitungan atas gardu tol otomatis dan gardu tol reguler pada gerbang tol Cililitan 1 menunjukkan bahwa waktu pelayanan gardu tol reguler lebih efektif dibanding waktu pelayanan gardu tol otomatis. Selain itu, dilakukan juga peramalan estimasi sistem antrian gardu tol yang efektif di masa depan sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk melakukan pengembangan sistem antrian gardu tol di masa depan. Hasil peramalan menunjukkan bahwa sistem antrian gardu tol otomatis akan lebih efektif di masa depan dan butuh dilakukan pengembangan.

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This study provides evidence about calculation of analysis for effectiveness of the queue of automatic toll gates and regular toll gates. Calculation results of automatic toll gates and regular toll gate show that service time of regular toll gate is more effective comparing with service time of automatic toll gate. In addition, this study also provides forecasting results to estimate effectivity toll gate queue system in future as consideration to develop toll gate queue system in future. Forecasting results show that automatic toll gate queue system will be more effective in future and needs development to be done."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memahami analisis konflikyang terjadi pada terminal bayangan Jatibening dan sikap, tindakan instansi terkaitdalam hal ini pihak P.T. Jasa Marga, Kepolisian setempat, Pemerintah daerahdalam merespon konflik yang sudah umum dan telah beberapa kali terjadi dalambentuk besar serta penyelesaian konflik sosial terminal bayangan tersebut.Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisiskonflik Fisher (2001). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Terminalbayangan di ruas jalan Tol Jakarta-Cikampek Km. 29 telah beroperasi sejakTahun 1995, terbentuk secara alami, sejak beroperasinya terminal bayangantersebut tidak ada satu pihak yang merasa keberatan baik dari instansi yangberwenang maupun dari P.T. Jasa Marga sendiri. Beroperasinya terminalbayangan tersebut seakan-akan lebih diperkokoh dengan kebijakan P.T. JasaMarga yang pada tahun 1998 mamberi ijin sebagai imbalan karena warga telahmelindungi P.T. Jasa Marga dari imbas kerusuhan di tingkat pusat; (2) Koordinasiyang dilakukan oleh P.T. Jasa Marga, Pemerintah Daerah dan Kepolisian dalamrangka penertiban dan pemindahan ke lokasi terminal baru selalu mengalamikendala karena warga seolah-olah mempunyai hak dan sudah menjadi sumberpendapatan banyak warga; dan (3) Penyelesaian konflik yang terjadi denganmasyarakat, adalah dengan tetap mengijinkan terminal bayangan beroperasi untuksementara waktu sampai selesainya hasil kajian dari Dinas Perhubungan KotaBekasi dan Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol; P.T. Jasa Marga (Persero) akan melakukanpenataan jalur khusus bus ke rest area (kantong parkir); dan masyarakatJatibening akan ikut berperan dalam menertibkan jalur khusus bus, agar tidaksemrawut dan mengganggu kelancaran lalu lintas.

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ABSTRACTThe study aims to identify and understand the analysis of conflict took place atJatibening toll gate illegal bus terminal, and the attitude, action of relatedinstitution in this case Jasa Marga Pte.Ltd., the local Police, and the LocalGovernment in responding the conflict which is common and happened severaltimes in big magnitude and the social conflict resolution of the illegal terminal.The study conducted as descriptive qualitative using Fisher (2001) conflictanalysis. Result of the study shows that (1) Illegal terminal at Jakarta-Cikampektoll roads Km. 29 has been operated since 1995 and naturally establish, sincebeginning operation of the illegal terminal there is no party objections neitherfrom authorities nor from Jasa Marga Pte.Ltd. Besides the operation of illegalterminal seems to be strengthened by Jasa Marga Pte.Ltd policy in 1998 whichgives permission as a reward since local residents saved Jasa Marga Pte.Ltd. fromthe impact of riot at central government level; (2) Coordination between JasaMarga Pte.Ltd., Local Government and Police Department to discipline andrelocate to a new terminal location always face constraints since local residentsseem to bare the right and has already become many residents source of income;and (3) Conflict resolution with local residents is still allow the illegal terminal tooperate temporarily until study result conducted by Dinas Perhubungan Bekasiand Toll Roads Regulatory Agency has been completed; Jasa Marga (Persero)Pte.Ltd will arrange special bus lane to rest area; and Jatibening community willplay a role to discipline special bus lane not so chaotic and disrupt traffic."

"Kemacetan parah akibat pertumbuhan kendaraan bermotor yang sangat pesat di Jakarta mendorong pemerintah untuk membangun jalan-jalan altematif seperti jalan tol. Namun, masalah antrian di jalan tol akan timbul jika salah satu gardu pada sebuah gerbang tol berhenti beroperasi akibat adanya gangguan operasional.Dalam skripsi ini akan dibuat model dari sistem yang ada denan menggunakan perangkat lunak ProModel v4.0. Dalam pembuatan model tersebut, data diambil secara langsung di Iapangan dengan beberapa asumsi untuk kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan teori statistik. Setelah model dibuat, dilakukan verifikasi dan validasi terhadap model tersebut. Kemudian berdasarkan model simulasi tersebut dapar dipelajari dan dianalisis dampak dari gangguan yang terjadi pada gardu tol terhadap sistem yang ada, yaitu panjang antrian yang terjadi pada gardu tol lain yang masih beoperasi serta jumlah waktu yang dibutuhkan agar kondisi antrian kembali normal.

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The heavy trafic jam causea by the fast growth of vehicles in Jakarta pushed the government to build aifernarive roads and one ofrhem is roii road Bur, queueing problem in the road will happen if one of ihe enrrance on fire roi! gare sfops operming because there are some operational disrurbances.

In this thesis, a model representing the existing system will be built using the software ProModel v4.0. In the building of the model, data were tolcen directly on the field with some necessary assutnptions and those data were being processed using the statistical theory. After the model is built, verification and valifitation to that model were done. Then based on that model, study and analysis ofthe effecrs ofthe operational disturbances of the entrance on the toll gate to the systern were inode. Those effects are the length of the queue happened on another operating entrance on the toll gate and the amount of time needed for the queue to get back to normal condition."

"ABSTRACTWater Sensitive Urban Design WSUD systems have the potential prevent the hydrologic disturbance and water quality concern associate with storm water runoff due to land change from urban development. WSUD have been strongly recommended to be used and new developments in every city in Australia are regulated. However, Indonesia still developing the rule but not deeply studied the idea and concept of WSUD. The objective of this research is to comparing available system in sustainable city of case study to the concept that is used in Australia. The main idea of why it is applied in Australia is due to most of the land use are impervious area which is increase in runoff peak and develop industrialize region.

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ABSTRAKWater Sensitive Urban Design WSUD system memiliki potensi mencegah gangguan dan menambah kualitas air dari limpasan air hujan akibat perubahan lahan dari pembangunan perkotaan. WSUD telah disarankan untuk digunakan dalam perkembangan baru di Australia. Indonesia masih mengembangkan aturan tetapi tidak mendalam mempelajari ide dan konsep WSUD. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan sistem yang tersedia di kota yang berkelanjutan dari studi kasus dengan konsep yang digunakan di Australia. Ide utama mengapa konsep WSUD diterapkan di Australia adalah karena industrialisasi sebagian besar penggunaan lahan hijau berubah dan mengakibatkan puncak limpasan besar."

"Dengan masih kurangnya pemakaian gerbang tol otomatis diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemakaian gerbang tol otomatis untuk mengurangi emisi karbon monoksida. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kulitatif dengan menghubungkan hasil dengan faktor yang mempengaruhinya menggunakan perhitungan dan analisa terkait. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode NDIR untuk mengambil emisi karbon monoksida dan menggunakan teori antrian untuk mengambil rata ndash; rata waktu antrian setiap gerbang tol. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pada gerbang tol otomatis didapatkan rata ndash; rata emisi karbon monoksida selama 5 hari sampling sebesar 8150.13 ?g/Nm3 dan gerbang tol manual didapatkan didapatkan rata ndash; rata emisi karbon monoksida selama 5 hari sampling sebesar 11198.26 ?g/Nm3, dengan uji signifikansi yang menunjukkan rata ndash; rata konsentrasi karbon monoksida gerbang tol manual dan otomatis berbeda. Faktor ndash; faktor yang mempengaruhi emisi karbon monoksida di gerbang tol adalah waktu antrian yaitu semakin tinggi waktu antrian maka semakin tinggi emisi karbon monsoksida disebebkan peningkatan laju percepatan dan perlambatan kendaraan dan faktor kedua adalah suhu yaitu semakin tinggi suhu maka semakin tinggi emisi karbon monoksida disebabkan bahan pencemar yaitu karbon monoksida dalam udara menjadi kering sehingga polutan akan cenderung tinggi . Walaupun demikian, konsentrasi karbon monoksida di tiap gerbang tol masih berada di bawah baku mutu dan emisi di gerbang tol otomatis di bawah gerbang tol manual. Dengan penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa gerbang tol otomatis dapat mengurangi emisi karbon monoksida sebesar 24.54 .

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With the lack of utilization of automatic toll gates is expected to increase the use of automatic toll gates to reduce carbon monoxide emissions. This research is a skin related research by linking the results with the factors that influence it using the calculation and related analysis. This study uses the NDIR method to extract carbon monoxide emissions and use queuing theory to take the average queue time for each toll gate. The result of this research is at automatic toll gate obtained average carbon monoxide emission during 5 days sampling equal to 8150.13 g Nm3 and manual toll gate obtained got average carbon monoxide emission during 5 day sampling equal to 11198.26 g Nm3, with significance test which Shows the average carbon monoxide concentration of manual and automatic toll gates differently. Factors affecting carbon monoxide emission at toll gate is queue time that is higher queue time hence higher carbon emission of monsoksida disebebkan increase of acceleration rate and slowing of vehicle and second factor is temperature that is higher temperature then higher carbon monoxide emission caused by pollutant Ie carbon monoxide in the air becomes dry so that pollutants will tend to be high. However, carbon monoxide concentrations in each toll gate are still below the standard and emissions at auto toll gates beneath manual toll gates. With this study, it was concluded that automatic toll gates could reduce carbon monoxide emissions by 24.54."

"ABSTRAKKemajuan pembangunan menyebabkan meningkatnya kegiatan industri termasuk industri . yang menggunakan timah hitam sebagai bahan baku, atau hasil produksinya. Salah satu industri yang menggunakan persenyawaan timah hitam untuk produksinya adalah industri refinery yang memakai " tetra etil lead" sebagai anti nok yang berkhasiat menambah bilangan oktan bahan bakar.Dengan banyaknya kendaraan bermotor yang menggunakan. jalan dan bensin dipakai sebagai bahan bakar, timah hitam yang dilepaskan dari proses pembakaran dapat meaimbulkan pencemaran di udara. Udara yang mengandung timah hitam di lingkungan kerja dapat memajani tenaga kerja yang bekerja di tempat tersebut dan dapat menaikkan kadar timah hitam dalam tubuhnya.Telah diteliti 83 orang petugas gerbang tol dengan kelompok masa kerja < 1 tahun, 5-6 tahun dan 10-11 tahun; mereka diperiksa kadar timah hitam darah dan urin. Nilai rata-rata kadar timah hitam darah menurut kelompok masa kerja tersebut berturut- turut adalah 265,5; 288,9 dan 302,0 µg/l . Nilai rata-rata kadar timah hitam urin menurut kelompok rnasa kerja tersebut berturut-turut adalah 199,1; 213,8 dan 225,1 µg/l. Walaupun memperlihatkan adanya kecenderungan peningkatan, kadar timah hitam darah maupun urin tidak menunjukkan peningkatan yang secara statistik bermakna (p > 0,05 ).Nilai rata-rata kadar koporporfirin urin ketiga kelompok masa kerja tersebut berturut-turut 135,9; 149,6 dan 148,8 µg/l dan perbedaan ini tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05).Prevalensi kadar timah hitam darah yang melebihi 240 µg/1 berturut - turut menurut kelompok masa kerja adalah 38,5 %; 57,7 % dan 64,5 % namun perbedaannya tidak bermakna.Prevalensi kadar timah hitam urin yang melebihi 270 µg/l berturut - turut menurut kelompok masa kerja adalah 23,1 %; 30,8 % dan 32,3 % namun perbedaannya tidak bermakna.Prevalensi kadar koproporfirin urin yang melebihi 200 µg/l berturut - turut menurut kelompok masa kerja adalah 11,5 %; 19,2 % clan 22,6 % namun perbedaannya tidak bermakna.Gerbang tol adalah tempat kerja yang tiap harinya melintas berbagai jenis kendaraan bermotor dengan bahan bakar bensin, solar maupun gas. Kadar timah hitam di lingkungan kerja tergantung pada banyaknya kendaraan bermotor yang melintas, curah hujan dan aliran angin. Penelitian kadar timah hitam di udara lingkungan gerbang tol pada 6 gardu tol adalah berturut - turut sebagai berikut 2,5; 4,6; 5,5; 4,9; 5,2 dan 6,2 µg/m3.Antara kadar timah hitam darah dan kadar timah hitam urin tidak didapatkan adanya korelasi ( r = 0,05 ). Begitu juga antara kadar timah hitam darah dengan kadar koproprorfirin urin tidak terdapat korelasi yang berarti (r = 0,02 ).

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ABSTRACT

National development results in increased industrial activities of which there are industries using lead containing materials in the final product. Gasoline industries utilize lead compound additive, tetra ethyl lead to increase octane number of gasoline.

Most vehicles passing through the roads use gasoline for their fuel that contains lead and therefore cause air pollution. Lead in the air from this pollution may influence the health conditions of employees who work there by the increased lead contents in their bodies.

This research studied 83 persons who were toll gate employees divided into three working duration groups, namely less than 1 year, 5 to 6 years and 10 to 11 years. They were examined for lead contents in blood and urine and coproporphyirine concentrations in urine. The average values of lead contents in blood by working duration groups were 265.4, 288.9 and 3010 µg11. And the average values of lead contents in urine were 199.1, 213.8 and 225.1 µg/l. Although the figures showed increases in both lead in blood and urine but they were of no significant differences (p > 0.05 ).

The average values of coproporphyrine concentrations in urine of the three working duration groups were 135.9, 149.6 and 148.8 µg/l and the differences were not significant ( p > 0.05 ).

The prevalence?s of lead contents in blood of more than 240 µg/l by working duration groups were 38.5 %, 57.7 % and 64.5 % but no significant differences were found.

The prevalence?s of lead contents in urine of more than 270 µg/l by working duration groups were 23.1 %, 30.8 % and 32.3 % but no significant differences were found.

The prevalence?s of coproporphyrine concentrations in urine of more than 200 µg11 by working duration groups were 11.5 %. 19.2 % and 22.6 % but no significant differences were found.

The toll gates were the places where the employees worked. Many kinds of vehicles used gasoline, diesel fuel and gases as fuel for sources of energy. The contents of lead in the air depended on how many vehicles passed through as well as the quantity of rain and wind direction. The contents of lead in the air of six toll gates were 2.5, 4.5, 5.5, 4.9,5.2 and 6.2 µg/m3.

The lead contents in blood and those in urine had no correlation (r = 0.05 ). Similarly lead contents in blood and coproporphyrine concentrations in urine also had no correlation (r=0.02)."