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"he authors investigated whether sex-specific norms should be used to assess symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in girls. It was hypothesized that (a) there would be a group of girls who exhibit ADHD or ODD symptoms using sex-specific norms but not using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria; (b) these girls would be significantly impaired relative to typically developing girls. These hypotheses were examined using behavior ratings completed by mothers and teachers of 1,491 elementary school students. Results showed that there was a small group of girls who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for ADHD or ODD but who had elevated ADHD and ODD scores when sex-specific norms were used. The same was not true for boys. The girls identified with sex-specific norms were more impaired than other girls. These results suggest that there may be a small number of girls who have behaviors and impairment that are consistent with ADHD and ODD, but they are not currently being identified by DSM-IV criteria."

"This study prospectively follows 135 children 5-12 years of age with sexual behavior problems from a randomized trial comparing a 12-session group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with group play therapy and follows 156 general clinic children with nonsexual behavior problems. Ten-year follow-up data on future juvenile and adult arrests and child welfare perpetration reports were collected. The CBT group had significantly fewer future sex offenses than the play therapy group (2% vs. 10%) and did not differ from the general clinic comparison (3%), supporting the use of short-term CBT. There were no group differences in nonsexual offenses (21%). The findings do not support assumptions about persistent or difficult to modify risk and raise questions about policies and practices founded on this assumption."

"Epidemiological and clinical studies have consistently reported associations between smoking and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study analyzed diagnostic interview data on 6,744 members of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry to clarify the PTSD-smoking relation and to examine whether genetic liability for smoking moderated this relation. Preexisting active (unremitted) PTSD increased risk of late-onset daily smoking. Remitted PTSD decreased risk. Active PTSD increased risk of smoking at all levels of genetic liability; the effect was strongest for those with least genetic liability. This suggests PTSD represents a nongenetic pathway to late-onset smoking among individuals who were nonsmokers prior to developing PTSD. If replicated, these results identify PTSD as a risk factor for smoking that should lead to early tobacco control treatment in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)"

"In this trial adolescent girls with body dissatisfaction (N=481; M age=17) were randomized to an eating disorder prevention program involving dissonance-inducing activities that reduce thin-ideal internalization, a prevention program promoting healthy weight management, an expressive writing control condition, or an assessment-only control condition. Dissonance participants showed significantly greater reductions in eating disorder risk factors and bulimic symptoms than healthy weight, expressive writing, and assessment-only participants and healthy weight participants showed significantly greater reductions in risk factors and symptoms than expressive writing and assessment-only participants from pretest to posttest. Although these effects faded over 6-month and 12-month follow-up, dissonance and healthy weight participants showed significantly lower binge eating and obesity onset and reduced service utilization through 12-month follow-up, suggesting both interventions have public health potential."

"This randomized group experiment compared the efficacy of 2 communication interventions (Responsive Education and Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching [RPMT] and the Picture Exchange Communication System [PECS]) in 36 preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. Each treatment was delivered 3 times per week, in 20-min sessions, for 6 months. The results revealed that the RPMT facilitated the frequency of generalized turn taking and generalized initiating joint attention more than did the PECS. The latter effect occurred only for children who began treatment with at least some initiating joint attention. In contrast, the PECS facilitated generalized requests more than the RPMT in children with very little initiating joint attention prior to treatment. These effect sizes were large."

"Participants were 30 adult outpatients diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder who enrolled in an open trial of cognitive therapy for personality disorders. Treatment consisted of up to 52 weekly sessions. Symptom evaluations were conducted at intake, at Sessions 17 and 34, and at the last session. Alliance variables were patients' first alliance rating and "rupture-repair" episodes, which are disruptions in the therapeutic relationship that can provide corrective experiences and facilitate change. Stronger early alliances and rupture-repair episodes predicted more improvement in symptoms of personality disorder and depression. This work points to potentially important areas to target in treatment development for these personality disorders."

"Eighty clients meeting criteria for panic disorder and receiving either panic control therapy (PCT; M. G. Craske, E. Meadows, & D. H. Barlow, 1994) or treatment as usual (TAU) in a managed care setting were assessed 1 and 2 years following acute treatment. PCT was provided by therapists with little or no previous exposure to cognitive-behavioral therapies. Analyses of the full intent-to-treat sample revealed no significant differences between the treatments across the follow-up period. However, when treatment completer status was added as a moderator, those receiving PCT showed lower levels of panic severity and phobic avoidance and a greater likelihood of achieving and maintaining clinically significant change. Benzodiazepine use during follow-up was associated with greater panic severity for those clients who received PCT, but no such relationship was found for TAU clients. Results are discussed in relation to the dissemination and effectiveness of PCT as well as evidence-based psychotherapies more generally."

"The current trial examined the value of modifying empirically validated treatment for childhood anxiety for application via written materials for parents of anxious children. Two hundred sixty-seven clinically anxious children ages 6-12 years and their parents were randomly allocated to standard group treatment, waitlist, or a bibliotherapy version of treatment for childhood anxiety. In general, parent bibliotherapy demonstrated benefit for children relative to waitlist but was not as efficacious as standard group treatment. Relative to waitlist, use of written materials for parents with no therapist contact resulted in around 15% more children being free of an anxiety disorder diagnosis after 12 and 24 weeks. These results have implications for the dissemination and efficient delivery of empirically validated treatment for childhood anxiety"

"Latar belakang: Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktif (GPPH) adalah gangguan neurobehavioral yang gejalanya ditandai oleh sifat hiperaktif, kurangnya perhatian, dan impulsif. GPPH termasuk salah satu gangguan psikiatri yang sering ditemukan pada anak usia sekolah. Gangguan ini dapat mengakibatkan kekurang dalam perkembangan sosial dan kognitif anak apabila tidak terdeteksi dan tidak diobati sedini mungkin. Oleh karena itu, sangatlah penting bagi orang tua untuk dapat mengidentifikasi tanda-tanda awal GPPH. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi GPPH dan hubungannya dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada anak-anak usia sekolah di Jakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penilitan cross sectional yang dilakukan di tiga sekolah dasar di Jakarta. Data didapat melalui kuesioner Conner’s yang dibagikan kepada orang tua dari siswa SD tersebut. Kuisioner Conner’s adalah salah satu metode deteksi dini untuk anak ADHD. Kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS 19 dan metode chi-square dengan nilai kemaknaan p,0,05. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil studi analisis deteksi dini didapatkan 69,6% anak dengan GPPH, dengan prevalensi terbanyak berasal dari SDN Kampung Melayu. Akan tetapi, prevalensi ini tidak terbukti bermakna secara statistik jika dihubungkan dengan tingkat pengetahuan (p = 0,975) dan tingkat pendidikan ayah (p = 0,132) dan ibu (p = 0,372). Kesimpulan: Dalam penilitian ini tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara angka prevalensi GPPH dengan tingkat pengetahuan dan tingkat pendidikan orangtua. Namun, faktor ayah merokok terbukti memiliki asosiasi yang kuat terhadap prevalensi GPPH di Jakarta.

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder which characterized by hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. ADHD is one of the most frequent psychiatric disorders in school-age children. This condition may affect the social and cognitive developmental in the children if it is remain unidentified and untreated. Thus, it is important for parents to be able to identify the early signs of ADHD in their children. The aim of this study is to know the prevalence of ADHD and the relationship to its contributing factors among school-age children in Jakarta.

Method: The study uses cross sectional design and it was conducted in three elementary schools in Jakarta. The data was obtained through Conner’s Rating Scale which distributed to the parents of the subject children. The Conner’s questionnaire is one of the early screening methods to determine whether the child is having ADHD or not. Then, the data is analyzed with SPSS 19 program and chi-square method with significancy value p<0,05.

Results: Based on the analysis of early detection, it is found that 69,6% of all children have ADHD, with the most prevalent one comes from SDN Kampung Melayu. However, this result is not statistically significant if compared to knowledge level (p = 0,975) or with father’s (p = 0,132) and mother’s (p = 0,372) education level.

Conclusion: There are no significant relationship between the prevalence of ADHD with the knowledge level and the education level of the parents. However, there is a strong association between paternal smoking with the prevalence of ADHD in Jakarta."