Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"In orthodontics, it is important to assess the skeletal maturity in order to make accurate diagnosis and to plan for appropriate treatment. Evaluation of the skeletal maturity through developmental stages of middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3) and cervical vertebrae (CV) could help in predicting growth acceleration. The methods to evaluate maturity are being developed in order to obtain simple, low radiation and low cost tools for this purpose. The objectives of this study were to identify (1) MP3 maturation stages, (2) CV maturation stages, and (3) agreement between MP3 and CV of 10-16 year-old orthodontic patients. Skeletal maturity of 72 subjects from the Orthodontic Clinic at the Dental Faculty of University of Indonesia was assessed by classifying developmental stages of MP3 as seen in a periapical film and CV as seen on a lateral cephalometric film. MP3 was classified into six stages according to Rajagopal and Kansal method. CV was also classified into six stages as described by Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Index (CVMI). The results showed that (1) at the same chronological age, MP3 and CV maturation stages could vary and the stages follow a gradual chronologic progression; (2) large variation of MP3 maturationstages was found in 12 year-old females (MP3-FG to MP3-I) and in13-14 year-old males (MP3-FG to MP3-HI), (3) large variation ofCV maturation stages was found in 12 year-old females (CVMI 2 to5) and in 12-13 year-old males (CVMI 1, 2, 3 and 5), and (4) anagreement of 70.8% between MP3 and CV maturation stages wasfound in 10-16 year-old orthodontic patients. This study concludedthat besides CVMI, the maturation stages of MP3 could be used as analternative method to assess the skeletal maturity in orthodontics."

"Latar Belakang: Penentuan usia dental dan skeletal sangat penting dalam perawatan ortodonti. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan adalah metode Demirjian dan Baccetti. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa kalsifikasi gigi dapat menjadi salah satu evaluasi usia skeletal. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara usia dental berdasarkan maturasi gigi dengan usia skeletal berdasarkan maturasi tulang servikal. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan 96 sampel berupa radiograf panoramik dan sefalometri lateral dari satu pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Metode Demirjian dan metode Baccetti digunakan untuk mengevaluasi usia dental dan skeletal. Uji korelasi Spearman dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara usia dental dan skeletal. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi sangat kuat antara skor maturasi gigi dengan maturasi tulang servikal pada laki-laki (r = 0,858, p = 0,000) dan perempuan (r = 0,807, p = 0,000). Korelasi paling kuat pada laki-laki terlihat pada kalsifikasi gigi molar 2 (r = 0,850, p = 0,000), sementara pada perempuan terlihat pada kalsifikasi gigi kaninus (r = 0,805, p = 0,000). Kesimpulan: Korelasi sangat kuat antara usia dental berdasarkan maturasi gigi dan usia skeletal berdasarkan maturasi tulang servikal menunjukkan potensi penggunaan usia dental untuk memperkirakan usia skeletal. Namun, terdapat variasi kekuatan korelasi antar kalsifikasi gigi dengan usia skeletal.

---

Background: Determining dental and skeletal age is critical in orthodontic treatment. The Demirjian and Baccetti method is one of various approaches to evaluate dental and skeletal age. Related research indicates that tooth calcification can serve as a primary diagnostic tool to determine skeletal age. Objective: To assess the correlation between dental age based on tooth maturation and skeletal age based on cervical vertebrae maturation. Methods: This study involved 96 panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs from patients who met inclusion criteria. The Demirjian method was used to assess dental age, while the Baccetti method was used for skeletal age, spearman correlation tests were conducted to evaluate the correlation. Results: A strong correlation was found between tooth maturation scores and cervical vertebrae maturation in males (r = 0,858, p = 0,000) and females (r = 0,807, p = 0,000). In males, the strongest correlation occurred in the second molar (r = 0,850, p = 0,000), while in females it occurred in the canine (r = 0,805, p = 0,000). Conclusion: Dental age based on tooth maturation strongly correlates with skeletal age based on cervical vertebral maturation, suggesting its potential use to estimate skeletal age, but variability exists among tooth types."

"Latar Belakang: Di Indonesia penelitian mengenai Korelasi Maturasi Antara VertebraServikalis Baccetti dan Molar Dua Permanen Bawah Demirjian pada Anak Usia 8-16Tahun belum banyak dipublikasikan.Tujuan: mengevaluasi Korelasi Maturasi Antara Vertebra Servikalis Baccetti denganMolar Dua Permanen Bawah Demirjian pada anak usia 8-16 tahun.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analisis ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi crosssectional.Sampel diperoleh dari 90 radiograf panoramik dan sefalometri lateral dari anakyang berusia 8-16 tahun dengan kriteria tertentu. Maturasi dental diperiksa melalui tahapmineralisasi Molar Dua Permanen Bawah berdasarkan metode Demirjian (tahap A-H);Maturasi Skeletal dievaluasi dengan menggunakan metode Maturasi Vertebra Servikalisberdasarkan metode Baccetti (CS1-CS6). Uji reliabilitas penelitian menggunakan ujistatistik Kappa. Uji Kendall Tau-b digunakan untuk menentukan korelasi antara MaturasiVertebra Servikalis dan Molar Dua Permanen Bawah.Hasil: Tahap CS1 memiliki distribusi paling banyak tahap D; CS2 memiliki distribusipaling banyak tahap E; pada CS3 memiliki distribusi yang merata pada tahap F dan G,CS4 memiliki distribusi paling banyak tahap G, CS5 memiliki distribusi yang hampirmerata pada tahap G dan H; dan tahap CS6 memiliki distribusi paling banyak pada tahapH. Korelasi antara Maturasi Vertebra Servikalis dan Molar Dua Permanen Bawah sangatkuat dan signifikan (r = 0,829; p <0,05).Kesimpulan: Molar Dua Permanen Bawah dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai indikatormaturasi skeletal pada anak usia 8-16 tahun.

---

Background: In Indonesia, the research on Correlation Between the Maturation of

Cervical Vertebral and Lower Permanent Second Molar in Children Aged 8-16 Years has

not been widely publicized.

Objective: to evaluate the correlation between the Maturation of Cervical Vertebral of

the Baccetti method and lower permanent second Molar of the Demirjian method in

children aged 8-16 years.

Method: This research was conducted using a cross-sectional study. Samples were

obtained from 90 panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometry obtained from children

ages 8-16 years with certain criteria. Maturation of teeth was examined through the

mineralization stage of the Lower Permanent Second Molar based on the Demirjian

method (stage A-H). Skeletal Maturation was evaluated by the use of the Cervical

Vertebral Maturation method based on Baccetti (Stage CS1-CS6). The reliability test uses

the Kappa statistical test. Kendall Tau-b Test was used to determine the correlation

between the maturation od Cervical Vertebral and Lower Permanent Second Molar.

Results: Stage CS1 has the most distribution of stage D; CS2 has the most distribution of

stage E; in CS3 has equal distribution of stage F and G; in CS4 has the most distribution

of stage G; in CS5 has equal distribution of stage G and H; and stage CS6 is has the most

distribution of stage H. The correlation between Cervical Vertebral Maturation and Lower

Permanent Second Molar Maturation was very strong and significant (r = 0.829; p <0.05).

Conclusion: The Lower Permanent Second Molar can be considered as indicator of

skeletal maturation in children aged 8-16 years."

"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk menganalisiskorelasi antara cervical vertebral maturation dengan dimensi mandibula. Data berasaldari 90 radiograf sefalometri lateral (49 perempuan, 41 laki-laki), anak usia 8-16 tahun diJakarta. Metode: menggunakan penilaian dan pengukuran visual radiograf sefalometrilateral, dimensi mandibula diukur berdasarkan panjang total mandibula (jarak dari titikcondylon - gnathion), tinggi ramus mandibula (jarak dari titik condylon - gonionintersection), dan panjang corpus mandibula (jarak dari titik gnathion - gonionintersection), selama tahap maturasi skeletal vertebra servikalis (cervical stage 1 sampaicervical stage 6) yang dinilai dari badan kedua sampai badan keempat tulang vertebraservikalis. Korelasi antara cervical vertebral maturation dengan dimensi mandibuladianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman. Hasil: terdapat korelasi yang kuat dan signifikan(p < 0,05) antara cervical vertebral maturation tahap pubertas dengan panjang totalmandibula (r = 0,663), antara cervical vertebral maturation tahap pubertas dengan tinggiramus mandibula (r = 0,555), dan antara cervical vertebral maturation tahap pubertasdengan panjang corpus mandibula (r = 0,510). Terdapat korelasi yang sedang dansignifikan (p < 0,05) antara cervical vertebral maturation tahap prepubertas denganpanjang total mandibula (r = 0,453), antara cervical vertebral maturation tahapprepubertas dengan tinggi ramus mandibula (r = 0,395), dan antara cervical vertebralmaturation tahap pascapubertas dengan panjang corpus mandibula (r = 0,374).Kesimpulan: terdapat korelasi antara cervical vertebral maturation dengan dimensimandibula terutama pada tahap pubertas. Maturasi skeletal dapat digunakan untukmenilai pertumbuhan dan perkembangan mandibula, sebagai pertimbangan dalammengoptimalisasi waktu perawatan ortopedik maksilofasial.

---

This study is a cross-sectional and aims to analyze correlation between cervical vertebral

maturation and mandibular dimensions from 90 lateral cephalometric radiograph (49

girls, 41 boys), aged 8-16 years in Jakarta. Methods: The method uses visual

measurements of lateral cephalometric radiograph, mandibular dimensions were assessed

from total mandibular length (range of condylon - gnathion line), ramus mandibular

height (range of condylon - gonion intersection line), and corpus mandibular length

(range of gonion intersection – gnathion line), during maturity stages of the cervical

vertebral bone (cervical stage 1 to cervical stage 6) which assessed from second to fourth

branches. Correlation between cervical vertebral maturation and mandibular dimensions

were analyzed using Spearman method. Results: The results showed a significant (p <

0.05) and strong correlation between cervical vertebral maturation pubertal stage and total

mandibular length (r = 0.663), between cervical vertebral maturation pubertal stage and

ramus mandibular height (r = 0.555), and between cervical vertebral maturation pubertal

stage and corpus mandibular length (r = 0.510). The results showed a significant (p <

0.05) and medium correlation between cervical vertebral maturation prepubertal stage

and total mandibular length (r = 0.453), between cervical vertebral maturation prepubertal

stage and ramus mandibular height (r = 0.395), and between cervical vertebral maturation

post pubertal stage and corpus mandibular length (r = 0.374). Conclusion: The

Correlation between cervical vertebral maturation and mandibular dimension is seen

mainly in puberty stage. Skeletal maturity used to assess mandibular growth for

optimization maxillofacial orthopaedic treatment timing."

"LatarBelakang: Struktur dentokraniofasial pada anak dengan celah bibir dan langit-langit yang ditangani dengan prosedur bedah, akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan maksila, namun tidak mempengaruhi struktur dan posisi mandibula. Disproporsional atau kelainan dentofasial dapat terjadi apabila pertumbuhan maksila tidak sejalan dengan pertumbuhan mandibula sehingga untuk mencapai keberhasilan perawatan perlu memperhatikan keadaan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak terutama pada kasus yang diindikasikan perawatan orthodonti disertai bedah orthognatik, dimana waktu dilakukan bedah pada saat pertumbuhan telah selesai. Dalam mengidentifikasi tahap pertumbuhan dapat digunakan beberapa indikator seperti usia kronologis, tinggi dan berat badan, perkembangan gigi geligi dan karakteristik maturasi seksual yaitu menstruasi pada wanita dan perubahan suara pada pria. Indikator lainnya adalah perkembangan skeletal yang umumnya dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan foto radiografik. Penentuan maturasi skeletal dengan mengevaluasi marurasi tulang karpal, sangat membantu untuk menetapkan diagnosis dan merencanakan perawatan yang tepat.Tujuan: Untuk menilai tahap maturasi tulang karpal penderita celah bibir dan/atau langitlangit usia 15 - 20 tahun.Bahan dan Cara : Dilakukan pengambilan rontgen foto karpal tangan kiri pada 25 sampel, hasil radiografi dilakukan analisa dengan maturasi skeletal indeks. Dari data yang didapat dilakukan uji statistik chi-squere.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tahap maturasi tulang karpal pada penderita celah bibir dan langit-langit pada kelompok umur 15-17 tahun, sangat bervariasi. Pada kelompok umur 18-20 tahun, baik lakilaki dan perempuan tahap maturasi skeletal telah selesai. Hasil uji statistik memperlihatkan perbedaan maturasi skeletal yang bermakna antara laki-laki dan perempuan.Kesimpulan :.Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara maturasi skeletal kelompok laki-laki dibandingkan kelompok perempuan pada penderita celah bibir dan/atau langit-langit.

---

Background : Dentocraniofacial structure in children with cleft lip and palate treated with surgical procedures, will affect the growth of the maxilla, but does not affect the structure and position of the mandible. Disproportionate or dentofacial abnormalities can occur when the growth of the maxilla is not in line with the growth of the mandible so as to achieve treatment success should pay attention to the state of growth and development of children, especially in the case of the indicated treatment with surgical orthodontic orthognatic, where surgery is the time when growth has been completed. In the growth stage can be used to identify some indicators such as chronological age, height and weight, the development of teeth and characteristics of sexual maturation that menstruation in women and in men the sound changes. Another indicator is the skeletal development which is generally done through radiographic examination. Determination of skeletal maturation by evaluating marurasi carpal bones, is helpful to establish the diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

Objectives : To assess patients with carpal bone maturation stage cleft lip and/or palate aged 15-20 years.

Material and Method : Hand wrist x-ray image of the left hand on 25 sample, result of radiograph performed analysis with Skeletal Maturation Index (SMI). The data was performed statistical analysis chi-squere test.

Results : The results showed carpal bone maturation stage in patients with cleft lip and palate in the age group 15-17 years, are very varied. In the age group 18-20 years, both male and female skeletal maturation stage has been completed. The test result showed statistically differences in skeletal maturation between male and female with cleft lip and palate on Skeletal Maturation Index (SMI).

Conclusion: From this study it can be conclude that there significant differences male skeletal maturation compared to female of children with cleft lip and palate."

"Children development stage is determined by physical growth. The sequence of growing process is usually constant, however the age at which children reach a certain sequence varies individually. Determining skeletal maturation by evaluating carpal bone and cervical vertebrae is very helpful in conducting orthodontic diagnosis and in planning proper treatment. Such evaluation enables to estimate the time of growing process to accelerate or decelerate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the stage of carpal bone and cervical vertebrae maturation in orthodontic patients at the age of 9 to 18. Samples were 83 cephalograms and hand wrist x-ray from 52 girls and 31 boys. The result of this study showed that the stage of carpal bone and cervical vertebrae maturation in girls and boys in the same age group varies greatly. Girls at the age of 11 to 12 demonstrated highes variation in the stage maturationn. In the same age group of sample, all stages of the maturation indicator were found, such as epiphysis is as wide as diaphysis, the capping of epiphysis, as well as variation in epiphysis fusion. These kinds of variations also occured in the cervical vertebrae maturation stage, where it varies from cervical vertebrae stage 2 to 6. On the other hand, boys showed highest variation at the age of 13 to 14. This study suggests that there was a matching pattern between carpal bone and cervical vertebrae maturation."

"In the past, determination of bone maturity relied on visual evaluation of skeletal development in the hand and wrist, most commonly using the Greulich and Pyle atlas. The Gilsanz and Ratib digital atlas takes advantage of digital imaging and provides a more effective and objective approach to assessment of skeletal maturity. The atlas integrates the key morphological features of ossification in the bones of the hand and wrist and provides idealized, sex- and age-specific images of skeletal development New to this revised second edition is a description and user manual for Bone Age for iPad®, iPhone® and iPod touch®, which can be purchased and used separately from this book. The App can be easily employed to calculate the deviation of the patient’s age from the normal range and to predict a possible growth delay. This easy-to-use atlas and the related App will be invaluable for radiologists, endocrinologists, and pediatricians and also relevant to forensic physicians."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang :Maturasi skeletal sangat penting diperhatikan dalam Ilmu Bedah Mulut dan Maksilofasial karena pada beberapa kasus diperlukan maturitas skeletal yang telah selesai untuk penatalaksanaan tindakan bedah. Kasus tersebut antara lain dalam menangani Fibrous dysplasia, tindakan bedah orthognatik dan pemilihan pemakaian jenis plate pada masa pertumbuhan. Maturasi skeletal sangat penting diperhatikan karena apabila tindakan bedah dilakukan sebelum terjadinya maturasi skeletal akan sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tulang wajah. Maturasi skeletal ini merupakan usia biologis dari manusia dimana antara usia biologis dan usia kronologis belum tentu sama perkembangannya. Penentuan usia skeletal seringkali dilakukan dengan bantuan radiograf tangan dan sefalometri lateral yang menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara pertumbuhan tubuh dengan tulang-tulang wajah. Kedua analisis radiograf ini dapat membantu memberikan petunjuk mengenai usia skeletal seseorang yaitu melalui maturasi skeletal indeks (SMI) dan maturasi vertebra servikalis indeks. Tujuan :Menganalisis apakah ada perbedaan maturasi skeletal antara kelompok ras Proto-Melayu dan Deutro-Melayu melalui analisa maturasi skeletal indeks dan maturasi vertebra servikalis indeks. Bahan dan Cara : Dilakukan pengambilan rontgen foto karpal tangan kiri dan sefalometri lateral pada setiap sampel , hasil radiograf dilakukan tracing tanpa diketahui asal suku dan usia yang kemudian dilakukan analisa dengan maturasi skeletal indeks pada rontgen foto karpal tangan kiri dan maturasi vertebra servikalis indeks pada sefalometri lateral. Dari data yang didapat dilakukan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil : Hasil uji statistik memperlihatkan perbedaan maturasi skeletal yang bermakna antara kelompok ras Proto-Melayu dan Deutro-Melayu baik pada analisa maturasi skeletal indeks dan maturasi vertebra servikalis indeks. Kedua indeks tersebut dilakukan uji statistik Kappa untuk melihat kesesuaian diantara keduanya dan nilai ρ nya memnunjukka kesesuaian yang baik diantara kedua indeks tersebut. Kesimpulan : Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara maturasi skeletal kelompok ras Proto-Melayu dibandingkan dengan Deutro-Melayu .

---

ABSTRACTBackground: Skeletal maturation is important to in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery because in some cases required skeletal maturity has been completed for surgical management. The case is among others in dealing with fibrous dysplasia, and the selection of surgical orthognatik use types during the growth plate. Skeletal maturation is important because if the surgery is performed prior to skeletal maturation would greatly affect the growth and development of facial bones.Skeletal maturation is a biological age of humans in which the biological age and chronological age is not necessarily the same development. Determination of skeletal age is often assessed with hand wrist and sefalometri lateral radiographs showing a correlation between the growth of the body with the bones of the face. Both the analysis of radiographs may help provide a skeletal age is through skeletal maturation index (SMI) and the cervical vertebrae maturation index. Objective: To analyze whether there are any differences in skeletal maturation between Proto-Malay and Deutro-Malay assessed with skeletal maturation index (SMI) and Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Index. Material and Method: Carpal x-ray image of the left hand and sefalometri lateral on each sample, the results of tracing both radiograph performed analysis with Skeletal Maturation Index (SMI) on the left hand carpal x-ray images and the Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Index (CVM) on the lateral sefalometri. The data was performed statistical analysis chi-square test. Results: The test results showed statistically significant differences in skeletal maturation between Proto-Malay and Deutro-Malay on both index , the analysis of skeletal maturation index and the cervical vertebrae maturation index. The Kappa statistical test was perform to see compatibility between SMI and CVM, and the ρ value show the good compatibility between the two indexes. Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that there were significant differences Protomalay Skeletal Maturation compared with Deutromelayu."

"Model Dinamik Nelson Siegel adalah model curve fitting yang digunakan untuk memodelkan yield to maturity dari obligasi-obligasi dengan waktu jatuh tempo yang beragam. Implementasi dilakukan dalam tiga langkah. Pertama, estimasi parameter 𝜆𝑡 dengan metode Newton-Raphson berdasarkan himpunan waktu jatuh tempo yang digunakan. Menentukan 𝜆𝑡 yang meminimumkan rata-rata RMSE dimana estimasi parameter 𝛽1𝑡,𝛽2𝑡,dan 𝛽3𝑡 diperoleh dengan metode OLS periode per periode. Langkah kedua, proses fitting kurva yield menggunakan estimasi parameter pada model Dinamik Nelson Siegel. Terakhir, menggunakan hasil estimasi parameter {𝛽̂1𝑘,𝛽̂2𝑘,𝛽̂3𝑘}𝑘=1𝑡 dan memodelkannya ke model autoregressive orde satu, AR(1), untuk memperoleh peramalan yield to maturity waktu 𝑡+ℎ. Hasil implementasi pada obligasi Bank of Canada menunjukkan, RMSE dan peramalan kurva yield pada model Dinamik Nelson Siegel dengan proses updating memberikan hasil yang cukup baik dalam meramal out of sample yield to maturity untuk waktu jatuh tempo kurang dari 10 tahun.

---

The dynamic Nelson Siegel model is a curve fitting model to describe yield to maturity of bonds with varying maturities. There are three steps to implement this model. First, is to estimate 𝜆𝑡 by using Newton-Raphson method based on maturities set. Determine 𝜆𝑡 that minimizing the average RMSE, in which the parameter of 𝛽1𝑡,𝛽2𝑡,dan 𝛽3𝑡 are obtained by using OLS for each periods. Second, is to fit the yield curve based on Dynamic Nelson Siegel’s parameter estimations. The last step, is to obtain yield to maturity forecasting at 𝑡+ℎ by using estimations of {𝛽̂1𝑘,𝛽̂2𝑘,𝛽̂3𝑘}𝑘=1𝑡 and model it into the first-ordered autoregressive model, AR (1). The implementation on Bank of Canada bonds show that RMSE and yield curve forecasting on updating method in Dynamic Nelson Siegel model is capable to forecast out of sample yield to maturity, especially for maturities less than 10 years."