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"This study used longitudinal, multimethod data to examine specific patterns of behavioral interaction with parents and peers that were hypothesized to predict increasing levels of depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Adolescents' struggles in establishing autonomy and relatedness in interactions with mothers, and a withdrawn, angry, or dependent pattern of behavior with a best friend, were assessed with observational and peer-report methods in a community sample of 143 adolescents, who were also assessed for levels of depressive symptoms at age 13 and with whom the authors followed up 1 year later. Study hypotheses were confirmed, with dysfunctional interaction patterns with parents and peers combining additively to account for substantial change variance in depressive symptoms over time. Results are interpreted as highlighting specific behavioral patterns that may be promising to address via psychosocial interventions targeting adolescent depression."

"Research on the prevention of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents was reviewed and synthesized with meta-analysis. When all 30 studies were included, selective prevention programs were found to be more effective than universal programs immediately following intervention. Both selective and indicated prevention programs were more effective than universal programs at follow-up, even when the 2 studies with college students were excluded. Effect sizes for selective and indicated prevention programs tended to be small to moderate, both immediately postintervention and at an average follow-up of 6 months. Most effective interventions are more accurately described as treatment rather than prevention. Suggestions for future research include testing potential moderators (e.g., age, gender, anxiety, parental depression) and mechanisms, designing programs that are developmentally appropriate and gender and culturally sensitive, including longer follow-ups, and using multiple measures and methods to assess both symptoms and diagnoses."

"Relations among parents' psychological difficulties (i.e., depressive symptoms, overt anger), dysfunctional attributions for child misbehavior, and inept discipline were investigated in a representative community sample of 451 mothers and 449 fathers. Depressive symptoms and anger were hypothesized to relate to discipline via their link with parents' attributions. Path analyses revealed that depressive symptoms predicted parent-centered causal attributions (i.e., stable, global, and dispositional), which, in turn, related to laxness. Depressive symptoms also predicted child-centered responsibility attributions (i.e., controllable, intentional, and negative), which, in turn, related to overreactivity. Anger predicted overreactivity directly. The patterns of relations were similar for fathers and mothers. The importance of addressing parents' psychological difficulties and dysfunctional attributions in interventions for families with disruptive children is discussed."

"This research evaluated the efficacy of a brief, mailed personalized feedback intervention designed to alleviate depressed mood and antecedents (ineffective coping and hopelessness). College students (N = 177) were randomly assigned to intervention or control group following a baseline assessment. A week after completing the baseline assessment, participants in the intervention condition were mailed feedback and information detailing their mood, coping strategies, as well as suggestions for enhancing mood. Results indicated that feedback was effective in reducing depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and among men, increasing willingness to use coping strategies at the 1-month follow-up. Hopelessness mediated reductions in depressive symptoms. Results support the use of personalized feedback as a low-cost, initial intervention for college students suffering from symptoms of depression."

"The authors conducted a large-scale study of terrorism in Israel via telephone surveys in September 2003 with 905 adult Jewish and Palestinian citizens of Israel (PCIs). Structural equation path modeling indicated that exposure to terrorism was significantly related to greater loss and gain of psychosocial resources and to greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms. Psychosocial resource loss and gain associated with terrorism were, in turn, significantly related to both greater PTSD and depressive symptoms. PCIs had significantly higher levels of PTSD and depressive symptoms than Jews. Further, PTSD symptoms in particular were related to greater authoritarian beliefs and ethnocentrism, suggesting how PTSD may lead to a self-protective style of defensive coping."

"The Strong African American Families Program, a universal preventive intervention to deter alcohol use among rural African American adolescents, was evaluated in a cluster-randomized prevention trial. This 7-week family skills training program is based on a contextual model in which intervention effects on youth protective factors lead to changes in alcohol use. African American 11-year-olds and their primary caregivers from 9 rural communities (N = 332 families) were randomly selected for study participation. Communities were randomized to prevention and control conditions. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that fewer prevention than control adolescents initiated alcohol use; those who did evinced slower increases in use over time. Intervention-induced changes in youth protective factors mediated the effect of group assignment on long-term changes in use."

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Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) memiliki peranan yang penting bagi pasien jantung. HRQoL pada pasien jantung bisa ditingkatkan dengan melihat faktor-faktor yang menjadi prediktornya, seperti spiritual well-being, illness perception, dan kecenderungan depresi. Penelitian ini melihat lebih jauh apakah spiritual well-being (SWB) dan illness perception (IP) memengaruhi HRQoL secara signifikan dan kecenderungan depresi memediasi hubungan antara SWB dengan HRQoL dan hubungan IP dengan HRQoL secara signifikan. Sebanyak 161 partisipan yang memiliki penyakit jantung terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Setiap partisipan mendapatkan tiga alat ukur yang berbeda, yaitu FACIT-Sp (spiritual well-being), Brief IPQ (illness perception), dan PHQ-2 (kecenderungan depresi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spiritual well-being (B=14,415, p=0,000) dan illness perception (B=-7,8838, p=0,000) menjadi prediktor yang signifikan terhadap HRQoL. Sementara itu, kecenderungan depresi tidak memediasi hubungan spiritual well-being dengan HRQoL (effect= 1,0934), namun menjadi mediator yang signifikan dalam hubungan illness perception dengan HRQoL (effect= -2,0332). Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk penyusunan intervensi bagi pasien jantung agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan keberfungsiannya.  

Kata kunci:

spiritual well-being, illness perception, kecenderungan depresi, HRQoL

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Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is the most important thing to be considered as a treatment for heart disease patients. There are some variables to be considered as significant predictors of HRQoL such as spiritual well-being, illness perception, and depressive symptoms. Based on previous research, spiritual well-being (SWB) and illness perception (IP) significantly predicted heart disease patients HRQoL. Depressive symptoms variable can be a mediator for explaining the relationship between SWB and HRQoL and IP and HRQoL`s relationship.  The main aim of this research is to investigate whether SWB and IP are significant for predicting heart disease patients HRQoL and depressive symptoms is a significant mediator for explaining those relationships. This research involves n=161 heart disease patients with minimum of age 18. Every partient is measured using three measurements. The measurements include FACIT-Sp (spiritual well-being), Brief IPQ (illness perception), and PHQ-2 (depressive symptoms). The result shows that spiritual well-being (B=14,415, p=0,000) and illness perception (B=-7,8838, p=0,000) predict HRQoL`s patients. Depressive symptoms does not mediate significantly the relationship between SWB and HRQoL (effect= 1,0934), but it mediates the relationship between IP and HRQoL significantly (effect= -2,0332). This research can be used for medical worker in designing intervention for heart disease patients.

 

 

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"Remaja usia transisi rentan mengalami masalah kesehatan jiwa dan sekitar 50–75% masalah kesehatan jiwa muncul pada usia 14–24 tahun. Pada usia tersebut terjadi perubahan biologis, psikologis dan lingkungan yang dapat menimbulkan stres sehingga remaja perlu beradaptasi. Mahasiswa merupakan remaja usia transisi yang rentan terhadap stres sehingga perlu dilatih untuk meningkatkan ketahanan mental (resiliensi). Namun, belum ada modul penguatan kesehatan jiwa bagi mahasiswa usia transisi sehingga diperlukan modul yang efektif memperkuat kesehatan jiwa berdasarkan aspek biospikososial. Desain penelitian ini adalah mixed method research, yaitu exploratory sequencial method dengan penelitian kualitatif untuk pengembangan modul yang diikuti penelitian kuantitatif untuk menilai efektivitas modul. Penelitian dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (FKUI) pada bulan September 2020 sampai Januari 2022. Subjek penelitian kualitatif adalah 20 mahasiswa FKUI serta 12 ahli yang terdiri atas psikiater, psikolog dan dosen. Mahasiswa dipilih secara random sedangkan para ahli dipilih dengan consecutive sampling. Data dari mahasiswa diambil dengan wawancara mendalam dan dari para ahli dilakukan metode delphi. Uji efektivitas terhadap resiliensi mahasiswa dilakukan secara kuasi eksperimental dengan pengukuran berulang pada minggu ke-4, ke-8, ke-12. Tema modul adalah “Transisi dan Adaptasi Menuju Resiliensi: Modul Kenali Stres dan Penguatan Kesehatan Jiwa dalam Proses Adaptasi Mahasiswa Baru di Fakultas Kedokteran”. Kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap modul diukur dengan instrumen CSQ-I dan diperoleh skor 37,4 (SB 3,81) dari skor maksimal 40. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas pada kuesioner pengetahuan, sikap terhadap kesehatan jiwa, dan perilaku mencari bantuan diperoleh rentang I-CVI 0,7–1,0, serta nilai S-CVI untuk masing-masing kuesioner 0,87; 0,90 dan 0,99. Reliabilitas kuesioner diuji dengan cronbach’s alpha dan diperoleh nilai 0,521; 0,780; dan 0,852. Pengukuran biomarker kortisol menurun bermakna pada kelompok perlakuan (uji Wilcoxon, p < 0,001), sedangkan kadar enzim alfa-amilase saliva tidak berbeda bermakna. Nilai resiliensi yang diukur dengan kuesioner CD-RISC meningkat bermakna pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kontrol pada minggu ke-4, ke-8 dan ke-12 (Uji ANOVA two way, p < 0,001). Terdapat juga peningkatan bermakna pada pengetahuan (uji ANOVA two way, p < 0,001), sikap dan perilaku terhadap kesehatan jiwa (uji ANOVA two way, p < 0,001). Terdapat penurunan bermakna (uji ANOVA two way, p < 0,001) skor persepsi terhadap stres yang diukur dengan kuesioner PSS. Skor depresi pada kelompok perlakuan yang diukur dengan kuesioner DASS pada minggu ke-12 menunjukkan penurunan bermakna (uji Wilcoxon, p < 0,001), demikian juga dengan ansietas (uji Wilcoxon, p < 0,001) dan stres (uji Wilcoxon, p < 0,001). Disimpulkan modul penguatan kesehatan jiwa dapat diterima dan diterapkan pada mahasiswa tingkat pertama di FKUI karena efektif meningkatkan kekuatan menghadapi stres dari aspek biopsikososial......Adolescents of transitional age are vulnerable to mental health problems, and about 50–75% of mental health problems arise at the age of 14–24 years. At that age, biological, psychological and environmental changes can cause stress, so adolescents need to adapt. Students are teenagers of transition-age prone to stress, so they need to be trained to increase mental resilience. However, there is no module for strengthening mental health for transitional-aged students, so an effective module is needed based on biopsychosocial aspects. This research design is mixed-method research, namely exploratory sequential method with qualitative research for module development followed by quantitative research to assess the module’s effectiveness. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia (FKUI) from September 2020–January 2022. The subjects of the qualitative research were 20 FKUI students and 12 experts consisting of psychiatrists, psychologists and lecturers. Students were selected randomly, while the experts were selected by consecutive sampling. Data from students were taken through in-depth interviews, and from the experts, the Delphi method was used. The effectiveness test on student resilience was conducted in a quasi-experimental manner with repeated measurements at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. The module’s theme is “Transition and Adaptation Towards Resilience: Recognizing Stress and Strengthening Mental Health in the Adaptation Process of New Students at the Faculty of Medicine”. Student’s satisfaction with the module was measured using the CSQ-I instrument and a score of 37.4 (SB 3.81) out of a maximum score of 40. The validity and reliability test of the knowledge, attitudes toward mental health and help-seeking behaviour questionnaires obtained the I-CVI range of 0.7–1.0, while the S-CVI value for each questionnaire was 0.87; 0.90 and 0.99. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested with Cronbach’s alpha and obtained a value of 0.521; 0.780; and 0.852. Cortisol measurement decreased significantly in the treatment group (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001), while salivary alpha-amylase enzyme levels were not significantly different. The value of resilience as measured by the CD-RISC questionnaire increased significantly in the treatment group compared to the control group at week 4, 8, 12 (ANOVA two way test, p < 0.001). There were significant improvement in knowledge (ANOVA two way test, p < 0.001) and in attitudes and behaviour toward mental health (ANOVA two way, p < 0.001). The PSS questionnaire measured a significant decrease (ANOVA two way, p < 0.001) in perceived stress scores. Depression scores as measured by the DASS questionnaire at week 12 showed significant differences (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001), as did anxiety (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001) and stress (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). It is concluded that the mental health strengthening module can be accepted and applied to first-year students at FKUI because it effectively increases the strength to deal with stress from a biopsychosocial aspect."