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"The anterior teeth have the essential esthetics function , so when the trauma occur, the immediately treatment must be done to avoid its dysfunction. Andreas Jo reported in 1984 that 18 percent to 20 percent of traumatic injury in young permanent teeth caused the crown fractures with exposed pulps. This traumatic injury must be managed correctly to keep the pulp normal. Accurate examination and anamnesis must be done before treatment. The prompt treatment to relieve pain, to cover pulps from irritating material and maintain pulp vitality is neededOne alternative treatment for crown fracture with exposed pulp in young permanent is by using pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide. The function of calcium hydroxide is to maintain pulp vitality and stimulate reparative dentin and close the apex. Then, glass ionomer cement is used to support the pulp cap and then resin composite as temporary restoration to recover the function of mastication and esthetics, until the permanent restoration is made. In this case, ,the radiographic showed reparative dentin after four weeks of pulpotomy calcium hydroxide applied. So there was the fact that it took six month to make the apex is close from the beginning of treatment."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 189-192Dental trauma in childhood and adorescence is a common accidents, with the most accident-prone time is between 9 and 10 years old. Boys affected are almost twice than girls and the maxillary central incisors are the most affected. This report describes an Ellis class II fracture in maxillary central incisors caused by trauma on a 9 years old boys. The case was treated by pulp capping and restored by composite material."

"Traumatic usually in children because falls and the treatment is moderate. Frequency of traumatic is 7-13% from all traumatic case in primary dentition. Avultion is one of its and the treatment is replantation. This treatment needs an accurate examination. The function of primary dentition is for bite, talk and estetics expecially for the children in the growth and development stage. In this case the patient is a girl 3 1/2 years old, with incisive central upper jaw avultion because of falls replantation is the choise treatment, replantation be done 4 hours after falls. The clinical result after 5 month is no luxation, and the radiographic interpretation is good bone healing in incisive central."

"It has been shown that more than 40 percent of the apical radiolucencies are radicular cyst, numerous endodontist claims that from 85 to 90 percent of apical lesions disappear or become reduced in size following conservative endodontic treatment and do not required surgical intervention. Maxillary anterior teeth are more frequently susceptible to trauma and there are numerous morphologic anomalies associated with maxillary incisors especially lateral incisors its call palato-radiocular groove (PRG), its caused non vital have been implicated in formation of periapical lesions. Periapical lesions can be cured by conventional endodontic treatment used Ca(OH)2 as an intracanal medication. One case with radicular cyst on the maxillary lateral incisors because of trauma 2 years ago will be presented. Fifteenth months during treatment showed that the cyst reduced in size and symptomless."

"The primary tooth with caries process could be abscess and became non-vital inflammation of the pulp tissue extents into the root canals. An effort to maintain the non-vital primary teeth with fistula ispulpectomy. The primary tooth pulpectomy is a common clinical procedure. The choice of filling material and antibacterial properties against organism to inhabit infected primary root canal is important. The choice of filling material is zinc oxide eugenol and antibacterial medicament is formocresol. One appointment formocresol pulpectomy procedure is indicated when inflammation of the pulp tissueextend into the root canals, and possibly involves the periapical and/or bifurcation area. ln this case, after treatment with one-appointment formocresol pulpectomy in non-vital incisive lateral primary tooth withfistula is successful in one and eight months. This procedure provides an alternative to extraction and space maintenance when the pediatric dentist encounters a non-vital primary tooth."

"In orthodontic practice, orthodontist frequently face the patients with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular second premolar. There are some treatment options for patients with congenitally missing second premolar such as keeping the deciduous second molar, extracting the molars and allowing space to close spontaneously, prosthetic replacement, autotransplantation and orthodontic space closure. Instead of treatment option for congenitally maxillary lateral incisor are orthodontic space opening for future restoration or orthodontic space closure using canines to replace missing maxillary lateral incisors. There are some factors must be consider before making a decision, such as the facial profile, dentoalveolar protrusion, the tooth size-arch length discrepancy, inclination and position of canine, dental esthetic of canines, occlusion, the dental relationship, patient’s age, the stage of development of the adjacent teeth and the condition of the deciduous predecessors with regard to root resorption and infracclusion. In this paper it will be discussed about the indications, advantages and disadvantages of both treatment modalities to help clinicians to cope with the malocclusion cases with congenital missing teeth. In this regard it needed teamwork among the orthodontist, prosthodontist, dental surgeon and restorative dentist to analyzing some factors related to individual patients and establishing overall treatment plans."

"The variation of teeth number can occur at initiation phase of tooth development, the etiology is unclear but it be supposed by the excessive lamina dental activity. The supernumerary teeth can be single or multiple, at one side or two side, with conical, tubercle or normal form, undergo eruption or impacted, and with parallel or contrary direction of teeth development. The supernumerary teeth in incisive region is mesiodens. In this case report, the supernumerary teeth occured at mixed tooth period which it result in the tooth arrangement is bad. The mesiodens was extracted as the position of upper jaw central incisive teeth were corrected. The second supernumerary tooth with contrary direction was removed by surgery."

"Apexification is a procedure well recognized and accepted by clinicians and researchers alike. Apexification is an endodontic treatment that intends to stimulate of apex formation. One material in dentistry is calcium hydroxide that is most commonly used to induce an apical hard tissue barrier. Because of the capacity to promote enviromental condition for tissue repair, calcium hydroxide can be used in the management of most endodontic problem, such as pulp capping, pulpotomy, root canal treatment, apexification and various endodontic situations. Due to its high alkalinity is has an antibacterial effect, promotes mineralization, induces healing, and initiates hard tissue formation. Although there have been many reports on the subject, the mechanisms of action are still unknown."

"Latar Belakang: Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa perawatan ortodonti non ekstraksi pada kasus borderline menyebabkan perubahan inklinasi insisif atas dan bawah yang dapat mempengaruhi profil jaringan lunak pasien. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi perubahan inklinasi insisif atas dan bawah terhadap perubahan besar sudut Nasolabial dan sudut Mentolabial sebelum dan sesudah perawatan ortodonti non ekstraksi pada maloklusi kelas I. Metode: 26 sampel penelitian sefalometri lateral sebelum dan sesudah perawatan ortodonti non ekstraksi dilakukan penapakan dan pengukuran sudut I-SN, IMPA, sudut Nasolabial, dan sudut Mentolabial. Uji statistik menggunakan uji non parametrik Wilcoxon dan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada sudut I-SN dan sudut Nasolabial sebelum dan sesudah perawatan namun, terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada IMPA dan sudut Mentolabial sebelum dan sesudah perawatan ortodonti. Uji korelasi menunjukkan terdapat korelasi negatif yang sangat lemah antara perubahan sudut I-SN terhadap perubahan sudut Nasolabial serta antara perubahan IMPA terhadap perubahan sudut Mentolabial. Kesimpulan: Penurunan sudut I-SN disertai peningkatan sudut Nasolabial, meskipun korelasinya sangat lemah. Peningkatan sudut IMPA disertai peningkatan sudut Mentolabial, juga mempunyai korelasi yang sangat lemah.

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Background: Some studies showed that non-extraction orthodontic treatment in borderline cases led to upper and lower incisor inclination changes that affected patient’s soft tissue profile.

Objective: To find out the correlation between upper and lower incisor inclination changes towards Nasolabial angle and Mentolabial angle value changes before and after non-extraction orthodontic treatment in class I malocclusion.

Method: There were 26 samples before and after lateral cephalometric of orthodontic non extraction treatment with measurement of I-SN, IMP, Nasolabial, and Mentolabial angles. Statistical test was done using non parametric Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation test.

Result: No significant difference in I-SN angle and Nasolabial angle before and after orthodontic treatment. However, there was a significant difference in IMP and Mentolabial angles before and after orthodontic treatment. Correlation test showed a very weak negative correlation between I-SN and IMP angle changes towards Nasolabial and Mentolabial angle changes.

Conclusion: The decrease of I-SN angle is followed by the increase of Nasolabial angle, although the correlation is very weak. The increase of IMP angle is followed by the increase of Mentolabial angle, which also has a very weak correlation."

"Maxillary central diastema in a child with deciduous or mixed dentition is common and normal, owing to the growth and development of the anterior segment of the upper jaw. However, if the central diastema persists after the permanent cuspids have erupted, the dentist should clarify its aetiology and establish a conforming treatment. This report discusses a case in a 13 years old girl, in the beginning of permanent teeth period, with a central diastema due to a high attachment of the maxillary labial frenum. Cross bite anterior and midline shifting were also found in this patient. The treatment was frenectomy followed by orthodontic treatment. The closure of the diastema took place after one month of treatment. The orthodontic treatment has been continued to archieve the correct occlusion."