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"Generalized aggressive periodontitis is a disease or a disorder of periodontium that occurs in people below 30 years old. These patients usually have several immune response disorders, such as defects in chemotaxis, phagocytic of neturophils and monocytes, and genetic defect. Clinically, there are generalized losses of tissue attachment with extensive, rapid and progressive alveolar bone resorption. In order to repair bone destruction, treatment that produce bone regeneration is needed, i.e. full thickness flap with bone grafting. In these cases, allograft and alloplast bone grafts were used. Allograft is derived from subjects within the same species but different individuals, whereas alloplast is foreign body embedded into the tissue (e.g. hydroxylapatite). In this report, pocket depth, papillae bleeding index (PBI), and clinical attachment were evaluated. Six month after surgery and bone grafting, there were + 4 mm decrease of pocket depths, bleeding on probing index and 3-4 mm increase of clinical attachment. Unstimulated wholes saliva were also collected for DNA isolation. The IL-1beta(+3954) genotypes were performed by Polymerase chain reaction, digested with TagI restriction enzyme and separated by gel electrophoresis. Results showed both patients bearing allele 2 homozygous of IL-1B+3954 genotype. This genotype has been identified as the one of immunogenetic factor that could affect the severity of periodontal disease. Successful treatment depends on the adequacy of oral hygiene. Patients were advised to maintain optimal oral hygiene and to do periodic check every 2-3 months."

"Latar Belakang: Periodontitis merupakan inflamasi pada jaringan pendukung gigi yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme yang menyebabkan destruksi ligamen periodontal dan tulang alveolar, yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kedalaman poket, resesi, ataupun keduanya. Penyakit periodontal diderita oleh sebanyak 20-50% populasi dunia. Penyakit periodontal juga merupakan penyebab terbesar dari kehilangan gigi dan dipertimbangkan menjadi salah satu dari dua ancaman terbesar pada rongga mulut. Salah satu faktor hospes yang berperan penting dalam periodontitis adalah faktor genetik, dan salah satunya yaitu gen MIF-173 G/C (rs755622). Gen MIF berperan dalam menginisiasi ataupun memodulasi respon inflamasi pada jaringan periodontal. Polimorfisme pada gen ini menyebabkan perubahan fungsi dalam regulasi makrofag dan penurunan glukokortikoid. Penelitian ini juga belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Tujuan: Menganalisis gambaran polimorfisme gen MIF-173 G/C (rs755622) pada Penderita Periodontitis di Indonesia. Metode: Analisis polimorfisme gen MIF-173 G/C (rs755622) yang dilakukan dengan metode PCR-RFLP dan divisualisasikan menggunakan Gel Electrophoresis. Hasil: Penelitian ini menggunakan 155 sampel antara lain 76 sampel non-periodontitis dan 79 sampel periodontitis, ditemukan 70 sampel non-periodontitis memiliki genotip GG dan 6 sampel non-periodontitis memiliki genotip GC. Sedangkan kelompok periodontitis memiliki 73 sampel dengan genotip GG dan 6 sampel dengan genotip GC. Tidak ditemukan genotip CC pada sampel non-periodontitis maupun periodontitis. Sementara frekuensi alel yang muncul yaitu 143 alel G dan 12 alel C. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada distribusi polimorfisme gen MIF-173 G/C antara penderita periodontitis dengan individu sehat (p = 1,0).

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Background: Periodontitis is an inflammation in periodontal caused by microoganism. It induces periodontal ligament and alveolar bone destruction, which are marked by pocket increased, recession, or both. Periodontal disease were affected by 20-50% of world’s population. Also, periodontal disease is one of the biggest causes of tooth loss and is considered to be one of the two biggest threats to the oral cavity. One of the host factors that play an important role in periodontitis is genetic factors, and one of them is the MIF-173 G / C (rs755622) gene. The MIF gene is involved in initiating or modulating the inflammatory response in periodontal tissues. Polymorphism in this gene causes a change in function of macrophage regulation and glucocorticoids reduction. This research has also not been conducted in Indonesia. Objective: To analyze the polymorphism of MIF-173 G/C (rs755622) gene in periodontitis patients in Indonesia. Methods: Analysis of MIF-173 G/C (rs755622) gene polymorphism carried out by PCR-RFLP method and visualized using Gel Electrophoresis. Results: This study used 155 samples including 76 healthy control samples and 79 periodontitis samples, were found 70 control samples had GG genotypes and 6 control samples had GC genotypes. While the periodontitis group had 73 samples with GG genotype and 6 samples with GC genotypes. CC genotypes were not found in the control sample or periodontitis. While the frequency of alleles that emerged were 143 G alleles and 12 alleles C. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the distribution of MIF-173 G/C gene polymorphisms between periodontitis patients and the healthy ones (p = 1.0)."

"Periodontitis merupakan salah satu penyakit gigi dan mulut yang umum diderita penduduk dunia. Klasifikasi penyakit periodontitis direvisi pada tahun 2017, menggabungkan periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif menjadi periodontitis yang memiliki tiga dimensi untuk menjelaskan periodontitis. Data epidemiologi penyakit periodontitis menggunakan klasifikasi terbaru dapat digunakan sebagai informasi dalam menyusun rencana pencegahan dan penanganan penyakit periodontitis. Data tersebut masih belum ada di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui distribusi penyakit periodontitis menggunakan klasifikasi penyakit periodontal tahun 2017 di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia Periode 2014-2017. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif data sekunder dengan subjek 392 rekam medik. Hasil: Penyakit periodontitis terbanyak menurut pembagian staging adalah stage 3 (52,2%) dan stage 4 (35,8%), menurut pembagian grading adalah grade A (60,4%), dan menurut distribusi dan perluasan adalah generalis (82,6%). Kesimpulan: Klasifikasi terbaru periodontitis tahun 2017 memberikan detil yang lebih baik dalam menggambarkan kondisi rongga mulut pasien. Penyakit periodontitis terbanyak menurut klasifikasi tahun 2017 adalah stage 3 grade A generalis.

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Periodontitis is one of the most common oral disease infected world citizen. Periodontitis classification was revised in 2017, which merge chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis into periodontitis with three dimensions as descriptor. Epidemiology information of periodontitis can be used as information for prevention and treatment plan of periodontitis. In Indonesia, there is no data about the new classification.

Objective: Discover the distribution of periodontitis at Periodontal Clinic RSKGM FKG UI 2014-2017.

Methods: Descriptive study using 392 medical records as subjects.

Results: The most common periodontitis based on staging is stage 3 (52,2%) and stage 4 (35,8%), grade A (60,4) based on grading, and generalized (82,6%) based on distribution and extent.

Conclusion: The new periodontitis classification in 2017 gives better detail in describing patient oral cavitiy condition. The most common periodontitis based on 2017 classification is stage 3 grade A generalized."

"Latar Belakang: Kerusakan jaringan periodontal terjadi karena inflamasi terhadap invasi bakteri. Human beta defensin-1 adalah peptida antimikroba dan pertahanan pertama terhadap infeksi.Tujuan Penelitian: Membandingkan kadar ekspresi HBD-1 antara kelompok periodontitis kronis, periodontitis agresif dan normalBahan dan Metode: Kadar HBD-1 dari 94 sampel CKG subjek periodontitis kronis, periodontitis agresif dan normal diukur dengan ELISAHasil: Analisis Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan kadar HBD-1 antara periodontitis kronis dengan normal (p<0,05) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p>0,05) antara periodontitis agresif dengan normal, dan antara periodontitis kronis dengan periodontitis agresif.Kesimpulan: Kadar HBD-1 pada CKG menurun pada kondisi periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif.

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Background: Periodontal disease is happened because inflammation reaction ro bacterial invasion. Human beta defensin-1 (HBD-1) is antimicroba peptide which regulate the first defense mechanism.

Objectives: To compare level of HBD-1 between chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and normal group.

Material and Methods: Level of HBD-1 from GCF sample of chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and normal group were assessed with ELISA.

Results: Mann-Whitney analysis show different level of HBD-1 expression between chronic periodontitis and normal (p<0,05) and there was no significant difference (p>0,05) between aggressive periodontitis and normal, and between chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

Conclusion: Level of HBD-1 in GCF decreased in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis."

"In deep periodontal lesions, scaling and root planning (SRP) failed to complete elimination of periodontal bacteria, so chemical antimicrobial agents are used topically to destroy microorganism. Povidon-iodin 10% is one of antimicrobial agents that can be applied topically anddirectly in the pocket. The aim of the research were evaluated the efficacy of povidon-iodin l0% as chemical antimicrobial agents locally applied into periodontal pocket. The data are obtained from patients with chronic adult periodontitis baseline periodontal pocket depth (PPD) are 5-7 mm. The teeth are scaled and root planed after clinical examinations ( plaque index, papilla bleeding index and periodontal pocket depth ) and test sites or control sites are assisned randomly. Topically application of povidon-iodin 10% at test sites and aquabides at control sites is applied at day 1st and day 7th. The clinical parameters are assessed at day 14th. The results of the research showed that application of povidon-iodin l0% afer SRP provide statistically significant more favorable papilla bleeding index reduction than SRP + aquabides after 14 days. The pocket depth reduction at testsites are greater than control sites ( baseline PPD=6 and 7 mm). The conclusions of the research showed that application subgingival povidon-iodin 10% as adjunctive to SRP significantly reducePBI and PPD ( 6 & 7 mm ) than without application povidon-iodin 10%."

"Latar belakang: Periodontitis merupakan interaksi kompleks antara sitokin pro-inflamasi dan sitokin anti-inflamasi. Sitokin anti-inflamasi seperti IL-4 pada cairan krevikular gingiva (CKG) dapat menjadi biomarker penyakit periodontal.Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisis perbedaan kadar IL-4 dalam CKG penderita periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif.Metode dan Bahan: Sampel CKG dikumpulkan dari pasien normal (n=21), periodontitis kronis (n=38) dan periodontitis agresif (n=35) dan dilakukan analisis kadar IL-4 dengan menggunakan ELISA.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan kadar IL-4 antara periodontitis kronis dengan normal dan antara periodontitis agresif dengan normal (p=0,000). Tidak ada perbedaan kadar IL-4 (p=0,729) antara periodontitis kronis (14,73±0,32 pg/ml) periodontitis agresif (20,58±23,00 pg/ml).Kesimpulan: Kadar IL-4 menurun pada kondisi inflamasi, baik pada periodontitis kronis ataupun periodontitis agresif.

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Background: Periodontitis is a complex interaction between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine in GCF that can be used as a periodontal biomarker.

Objectives: To compare level of IL-4 in GCF of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

Material and Methods: GCF sample were collected from normal (n=21), periodontitis chronic (n=38) and aggressive periodontitis (n=35) group and analysis of level IL-4 was performed with ELISA.

Results: There was a difference level of IL-4 between chronic periodontitis with normal and between aggressive periodontitis with normal (p=0,000). There was no difference level of IL-4 (p=0,729) between chronic periodontitis (14,73±0,32 pg/ml) and aggressive periodontitits (20,58±23,00 pg/ml).

Kesimpulan: Level of IL-4 was decreased in inflammation condition, either chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis."

"Behçet’s Disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent oral-genital ulcers, ocular inflammation and frequently involves the joints, skin, central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. We reported a case of severe BD in 30 years old male patient with oral-genital ulcerations and ocular involvement. He had suffered from the disease since twelve years ago and ocular involvement has lead to blindness of the right eye. Eye drop treatment for eight years, was suspected to cause lichenoid lesion on the buccal mucosa. Management of this patient included the application of topicalsteroid, 1 % povidone iodine and oral hygiene promotion. We concluded that disease condition, poor oral hygiene, disability and less compliance of the patient could slowed the acceleration of lesions healing. Elimination local exacerbating factors and a good coordination between dentist-patient and among medical team work are required to achieve the optimal recovery and to minimize complication of its treatment in the oral cavity."

"Latar Belakang: Periodontitis merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Interleukin-1β merupakan sitokin pro-inflamasi utama yang dapat ditemukan pada kedua penyakit ini. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kadar interleukin-1β dalam cairan sulkus gingiva (CSG) penderita PJK dan non PJK dengan status periodontal. Metode: Pemeriksaan klinis 40 subjek PJK dan 40 subjek non PJK, pemeriksaan laboratorium kadar Interleukin-1β dengan ELISA. Hasil : Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna Interleukin-1β antara penderita PJK dan non PJK (p>0,05); tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar Interleukin-1β dengan status periodontal penderita PJK dan non- PJK (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Kadar Interleukin-1β penderita PJK tidak memiliki hubungan dengan status periodontal.

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Background: Periodontitis is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Interleukin-1β as a pro-inflammatory main cytokine, can be found in this both diseases.

Objective: To analyze the relationship of interleukin-1β levels in CSG CHD and non-CHD patients with periodontal status.

Methods: Clinical Examination for 40 Subject CHD and 40 controls was checked, laboratory test for measured the levels of Interleukin-1β with ELISA.

Results: There were no significant differences between patients Interleukin-1β CHD and non-CHD (p>0.05); there is no significant difference between the levels of Interleukin-1β with periodontal status CHD and control patients (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Levels of Interleukin-1β of CHD patients do not have a relationships with periodontal status."

"Patogenesis terjadinya aterosklerosis pada penyakit jantung koroner telah meluas dari suatu pandangan yang semula etiologi utama karena lemak yang abnormal menjadio proses inflamasi termasuk periodontitis. Tannerella forsythia adalah bakteri negatif Gram, anaerob, berbentuk batang fusiform yang diduga berperan pada kedua penyakit tersebut. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan kuantitatif T.forsythia pada plak gigi dengan status periodontal pada penderita PJK dan non PJK. Metode: 66 pasien PJK dan 40 kontrol diperiksa status periodontal dan diambil sampel plak subgingiva dan kuantitatif T.forsythia dihitung dengan menggunakan metode real time polymerase chain reaction. Hasil: Kuantitatif T.forsythia PJK tidak berbeda dengan non PJK. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara T.denticola dengan perdarahan gingival, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis pada penderita PJK dan non PJK. Kesimpulan: Kuantitatif T.forsythia penderita PJK tidak berbeda dengan penderita non PJK. Kuantitatif T.forsythia tidak berhubungan dengan status periodontal.

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The pathogenesis of the development of atherosclerosis in subjects with coronary heart disease has evolved to the extent where abnormal fat accumulation was no longer the culprit, but rather a certain inflammatory process, including periodontitis. Tannerella forsythia is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, with fusiform rod shape, that has played a role in inducing the development of both diseases. Objective : The aim of this study was to analyze the difference in quantitative measurement of Tannerella forsythia accumulated in the plaque and the periodontal status of subjects with and without coronary heart disease. Tannerella forsythia was counted by utilizing the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Methods: Periodontal status of 66 CHD patients and 40 controls was obtained. Subgingival plaque was isolated. Tannerella forsythia level were measured using real-time PCR. Result: Tannerella forsythia level of CHD patients (-6,29 log10 CFU/ml) was significantly different from control (-19,63 log10 CFU/ml). Tannerella forsythia was not significntly associated with any periodontal status (p<0.05). Conclusion: Tannerella forsythia levels of CHD patients were higher than control. Tannerella forsythia was not associated with any periodontal status."

"Latar belakang dan Cara penelitian : Berkurangnya produksi estrogen banyak menimbulkan keluhan termasuk perubahan-perubahan di dalam rongga mulut yaitu gigi yang mudah goyang. Estrogen adalah hormon steroid yang terutama dihasilkan oleh folikel ovarium. Pada usia 40 tahun hingga menopause terdapat penurunan ukuran ovarium secara lambat tetapi pasti yang dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan. Salah satu masalah yang timbul adalah hilangnya jaringan penyambung. jaringan penyambung - mempunyai fungsi utama sebagai penyangga tubuh, Jaringan penyambung dalam rongga mulut adalah jaringan periodontal yang berfungsi sebagai jaringan penyangga gigi. Di dalam penelitian ini hendak dicari pengaruh ovariektomi yang diasumsikan dengan keadaan defisiensi estrogen terhadap keadaan jaringan periodontal.Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus wistar digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok kontrol dan ovariektomi hari ke-50 dan hari ke-100 untuk kemudian dibuat preparat histologis jaringan gigi dengan pulasan trikrom Masson Goldner. Parameter yang diteliti adalah lebar ligamen periodontal, tinggi tulang alveolar, jumlah osteosit dan intensitas pulasan kolagen. Data yang diperoleh diuji variasi normalnya dengan menggunakan Lavene `s-test dan juga berdistribusi homogen setelah diuji menggunakan Kolmogorov-Smirnov test sehingga dilakukan t-test pada setiap parameter.Hasil dan kesimpulan : Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji t menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter menghasilkan p > 0,05 yang berarti tidak menghasilkan perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap pengaruh ovariektomi pada jaringan periodontal. penelitian mendatang hendaknya dilakukan dengan pulasan khusus dan menggunakan metoda yang lebih akurat sehingga informasi yang akan di dapat memperjelas hasil yang telah dilakukan saat ini.

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Background and methode : The lower level os estrogen resulting in any complaint including alterations in oral cavity as unstable teeth. Estrogen is steroid hormone that produced by follicle in ovarium. Starting at 40 up to get menopause, there were decreasing the ovarium size by slowly resulting health problem as the loosing of connective tissue. The connective tissue have the main function as body supporting in oral cavity, periodontal tissue have function as supporting tissue of the teeth. This research aim to explain the effect of ovariectomy that assumed by deficiency of estrogen on periodontal tissue. Twenty four female rats were divided into 4 groups, each consisting 6 rats in control and ovariectomy group at day 50 and day 100 post ovariectomy. Sample removed periodontal tisssue on preparat histology procedure with Trichrome Masson Goldner. Parameter in this research are width of periodontal ligament, height of alveolar bone, amount of osteocyt and intencity of collagen stainning. The result data wasw test by Kolmogorov - Smirnov test and each parameter was evaluated by t-test.

Results and conclusions : All parameter resulting p > 0,05 mean there was no significant difference on ovariectomy rats on periodontal tissue. In the future the research better used by methode specific stainning to get accurate information."