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"Even as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has matured into an invaluable diagnostic tool, it has also become a key experimental tool in biological research, where it demonstrates special sensitivity to a plethora of physiological factors, as well as a capacity for use all the way from cellular suspensions to in vivo human studies. In Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Methods and Biologic Applications, leading experts in the use of MRI from both academia and industry explain its basic principles and demonstrate its power to understand biological processes with numerous cutting-edge applications. To illustrate its capability to reveal exquisite anatomical detail, the authors discuss MRI applications to developmental biology, mouse phenotyping, and fiber architecture. MRI can also provide information about organ and tissue function based on endogenous contrast mechanisms. Examples of brain, kidney, and cardiac function are included, as well as applications to neuro- and tumor pathophysiology. In addition, the volume demonstrates the use of exogenous contrast material in functional assessment of the lung, noninvasive evaluation of tissue pH, the imaging of metabolic activity or gene expression that occur on a molecular level, and cellular labeling using superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents. Cutting-edge and user-friendly, Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Methods and Biologic Applications illuminates for biological scientists the basic principles of MRI and shows how it can be used successfully to solve important biological problems."

"Magnetic resonance angiography : principles and applications is a comprehensive text covering magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in current clinical use. The first part of the book focuses on techniques, with chapters on contrast-enhanced MRA, time of flight, phase contrast, time-resolved angiography, and coronary MRA, as well as several chapters devoted to new non-contrast MRA techniques. Additionally, chapters describe in detail specific topics such as high-field MRA, susceptibility-weighted imaging, acceleration strategies such as parallel imaging, vessel wall imaging, targeted contrast agents, and low dose contrast-enhanced MRA. The second part of the book covers clinical applications of MRA, with each chapter describing the MRA techniques and protocols for a particular disease and vascular territory, as well as the pathology and imaging findings relevant to the disease state being discussed."

"The idea of using the enormous potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) not only for diagnostic but also for interventional purposes may seem obvious, but it took major efforts by engineers, physicists, and clinicians to come up with dedicated interventional techniques and scanners, and improvements are still ongoing. Since the inception of interventional MRI in the mid-1990s, the numbers of settings, techniques, and clinical applications have increased dramatically. This state of the art book covers all aspects of interventional MRI. The more technical contributions offer an overview of the fundamental ideas and concepts and present the available instrumentation. The richly illustrated clinical contributions, ranging from MRI-guided biopsies to completely MRI-controlled therapies in various body regions, provide detailed information on established and emerging applications and identify future trends and challenges."

"ABSTRAKThe results of a computer simulation investigation delineating the limits of resolution, sensitivity, and accuracy of the depth-resolved surface-coil spectroscopy (DRESS), volume-selective excitation (VSE), and image-selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS) methods for achieving spatially localized NMR spectroscopy are presented. A computer program, which numerically solves the Bloch equations for variable input parameters, is used to simulate the spatial localization afforded by each technique. Because the numerical solution of the Bloch equations describes the behavior of the bulk magnetization with great precision, the simulations provide an obejective and realistic means of evaluating the performance of the individual localization schemes and reveal nuances and limitations not discussed in the original experimental papers. The results of this computer simulation study should encourage the optimization of localization methodology for use in specific applications."

"This paper presents an overview of the characteristics of the intensity-curvature term with applications in image processing and also in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the human brain. The intensity-curvature term is the key concept that merges together the value of the signal with the value of the classic-curvature, which is the sum of the second order partial derivatives of the model function fitted to the signal. The model function fitted to the signal needs to have the property of second order differentiability, and also to have at least one non null second order partial derivative calculated at the origin of the coordinate system of the pixel. The mathematical meaning of the intensity-curvature term is the mapping of the signal into a novel domain where each value of the signal is multiplied by the arctangent of the angle subtended with the horizontal, by the tangent to the first order derivative of the model function. The mapping merges the value of the signal intensity and the classic-curvature of the signal. Hence, the resulting intensity-curvature term embeds information about both signal intensity and concavity-convexity of the model function. In addition to the classic-curvature, and consequential to the mapping, the intensity-curvature term allows the calculation of three supplementary intensity-curvature measurement approaches (ICMAs): (i) the intensity-curvature functional, (ii) the signal resilient to interpolation, and (iii) the resilient curvature. This paper reviews the implications of the intensity-curvature term with specific focus on the meaning and the nature of the ICMAs, which provide additional imaging of the human brain MRI."