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"Saliva and Streptococcus mutans play role in biofilm formation. Saliva and S.mutans virulence are different between subjects with and without caries. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of autolog saliva on biofilm formation of S. mutans isolated from caries and caries-free subjects. Materials and Methods: Saliva and plaque samples are obtained from caries and caries-free subjects. Plaque samples were cultured on TYS20B for 3 days. Selected colonies were picked and cultured on TSB for 3 days. After colony counting, biofilm assay was conducted and inoculated for one day. The biofilm was tested using crystal violet binding assay and quantified by measuring the optical density at 655 nm wavelength. Result: The optical density of S. muttans biofilm isolated from subjects with caries were different from taste with no caries. Biofilm formation of S. muttans isolated from caries and caries-free subjects with and without the presence of autolog saliva were different. Conclusion: Autolog saliva influences S. mutans biofilm formation and there is a tendency that is higher than those from subjects with no caries. "

"Early Childhood Caries (ECC) disebabkan oleh bakteri kariogenik Mutans streptococci. Selain Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans banyak ditemukan pada anak ECC. Pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans dipengaruhi oleh saliva. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh saliva autolog unstimulated ECC terhadap pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans. Metode: Mutans streptococci diisolasi dari saliva, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 dari Laboratorium Biologi Oral FKG UI. Nilai OD biofilm Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans dengan atau tanpa saliva dibandingkan secara single dan multi-species. Hasil: Perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok Candida albicans dengan atau tanpa saliva (p>0.05). Kesimpulan: Saliva autolog menurunkan pembentukan biofilm Candida albicans.

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Early Childhood Caries (ECC) caused by cariogenic bacteria Mutans streptococci. Other than Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans is also commonly found in ECC children. Biofilm formation of Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans is affected by saliva.

Objective: To analyze the effect of autolog unstimulated saliva ECC against Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans biofilm.

Methods:Mutans streptococci isolated from saliva, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 from Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans with or without saliva biofilm mass compared to single and multi species.

Result: Significant difference between groups of Candida albicans with or without saliva (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Saliva autolog reduces Candida albicans biofilm formation."

"Latar Belakang : Karies gigi merupakan penyakit gigi dan mulut yang sering ditemukan di Indonesia. Diperlukan upaya alternatif pencegahan, yang dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggabungkan dua bahan aktif CPP-ACP dan lilin propolis dalam satu sediaan permen karet bebas gula dengan lima konsentrasi yang berbeda (0% Prop, 0% CPP-ACP ; 0% Prop + CPP-ACP ; 2% Prop + CPPACP ; 4% Prop + CPP-ACP ; dan 6% Prop + CPP-ACP).Tujuan : Menganalisis kadar pelepasan ion kalsium dan fosfat oleh CPP-ACP untuk mendukung remineralisasi dan keefektifan lilin propolis dalam menekan pembentukan massa biofilm S.mutans pada subjek bebas karies serta melihat apakah kedua bahan aktif ini efektif jika digabungkan dalam satu sediaan permen karet bebas gula.Metode : 25 sampel saliva bebas karies sebelum dan sesudah simulasi pengunyahan lima konsentrasi permen karet in vitro dilakukan uji pelepasan ion kalsium dan fosfat serta uji biofilm. Pelepasan ion kalsium dideteksi menggunakan AAS, ion fosfat menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-VIS, dan uji biofilm menggunakan uji crystal violet 96-well plate ELISA dan dibaca menggunakan microplate reader.Hasil : Permen karet CPP-ACP-Propolis dengan konsentrasi 0% Prop + CPP-ACP menunjukkan kadar pelepasan ion kalsium (p≤0,05) dan fosfat (p>0,05) tertinggi dan signifikan dalam menekan pembentukan massa biofilm S.mutans (p≤0,05).Simpulan : Terjadi peningkatan kadar ion kalsium dan fosfat pada saliva bebas karies, serta, penurunan massa biofilm S.mutans setelah pengunyahan permen karet CPP-ACP-Propolis.

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Background: Dental caries is an oral disease commonly found in Indonesia. Alternative prevention are needed, which in this research is going to be combining two active components which are CPP-ACP and propolis wax into one substance of sugar-free chewing gum with five different concentrations (0% Prop, 0% CPPACP ; 0% Prop + CPP-ACP ; 2% Prop + CPP-ACP ; 4% Prop + CPP-ACP ; and 6% Prop + CPP-ACP).Objectives: To analyze the amount of calcium and phosphate ion released by CPP-ACP to support the remineralization and to analyze the effectiveness of propolis wax in suppressing the mass formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm in caries-free subjects and also observing if these two active components are effective when combined into one substance of sugarfree chewing gum.Methods: 25 samples of caries-free saliva before and after the mastication simulation (five concentrations of chewing gum) in vitro, observed the release of calcium and phosphate ion along with a biofilm assay. The release of calcium ion is detected using AAS, while phosphate ion using the Spectrophotometry UV-VIS, and the biofilm assay using the crystal violet 96-well plate ELISA and evaluated with a microplate reader.Result: Chewing gum with a concentration of 0% Prop + CPP-ACP has shown the highest release level of calcium (p<0,05) and phosphate ion (p>0,05) and is significant in suppressing the mass formation of S.mutans biofilm (p<0,05).Conclusion: Increased calcium and phosphate ion level in caries-free saliva and decreased of S.mutans biofilm mass after mastication simulation of CPP-ACP-Propolis chewing gum are detected."

"IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan dapat menghambat pembentukan biofilm.Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh gel IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan gel kombinasi IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan terhadap kemampuan S.mutans dalam membentuk biofilm.Metode: Sampel plak 40 orang dalam 4 kelompok diambil sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Aplikasi gel dilakukan 7 hari, dilanjutkan prosedur uji biofilm crystal violet.Hasil: Perbandingan nilai OD biofilm (pre -post) kelompok IgY Bebas Karies (0,030-0,038), IgY Karies (0,027-0,027), IgY+K Bebas Karies (0,033-0,032), IgY+K Karies (0,033-0,069).Kesimpulan: Gel IgY anti ComD S.mutans maupun gel kombinasi IgY anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan meningkatkan kemampuan S.mutans dalam membentuk biofilm.

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IgY Anti ComD S.mutans and chitosan can inhibit biofilm formation.Objective: To analyze the effect of IgY Anti ComD S.mutans gel and IgY Anti ComD S.mutans+chitosan gel towards the ability of S.mutans to form biofilm.Methods: Plaque samples from 40 people in 4 groups were taken before and after gel treatment for 7 days. Then crystal violet biofilm test procedure was performed.Results: Biofilm OD values (pre ? post), IgY free caries (0,030-0,038), IgY caries (0,027-0,027), IgY+K free caries (0,033-0,032), IgY+K caries (0,033-0,069).Conclusion: IgY anti ComD S. mutans gel and IgY anti ComD S.mutans+chitosan gel increase the ability of S. mutans to form biofilm."

"ECC terjadi akibat pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas saliva. Objektif: Menganalisis pengaruh saliva autolog stimulated yang diisolasi dari ECC terhadap pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans secara in vitro. Metode: Uji biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans ATCC 10231 dengan atau tanpa saliva autolog stimulated dilakukan dengan crystal violet binding assay. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan antara pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans dan multi-species dengan atau tanpa saliva, namun dengan uji t-test tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Saliva autolog stimulated mempengaruhi pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans serta ada kecendrungan pembentukan biofilm lebih tinggi pada multi-species.

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ECC occurs as a result of Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans which is influenced by the quality of saliva.

Objective: Analyze the effects of stimulated autolog saliva that isolated from ECC to the biofilm formation Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans in vitro.

Methods: Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm with the application of stimulated autolog saliva was tested using crystal violet binding assay.

Result: There were differences of Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans and multi-species biofilm mass formation with or without saliva, but with t-test not significantly different (p>0,05).

Conclusion: Autolog saliva influences Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans biofilm formation and there is a tendency of higher multi-species biofilm formation."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) merupakan bakteri utama penyebab karies. Propolis memiliki sifat antibakteri terhadap bakteri Gram positif.Tujuan: Mempelajari efek permen propolis madu terhadap pembentukan biofilm S mutans yang diisolasi dari saliva. Metode: Sampel saliva diambil sebelum dan sesudah pemberian permen propolis madu, permen X dan permen madu, lalu saliva dari subjek dibiakkan pada medium agar TYS20B dan medium cair TYS Broth. Untuk menganalisis pembentukan biofilm dilakukan uji dengan crystalviolet. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan pembentukan biofilm S. mutans setelahkonsumsi permen propolis madu dan permen madu dibandingkan dengan sebelum konsumsi. Terdapat penurunan pembentukan biofilm S. mutans setelah konsumsi permen X dibandingkan dengan sebelum konsumsi. Kesimpulan: Setelah konsumsi permen propolis madu ditemukan peningkatan pembentukan biofilm S. mutansyangsecara stastitik tidak berbeda bermakna. Setelah konsumsi permen X ditemukan penurunan pembentukan biofilm S. mutans yang secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna. Setelah konsumsi permen madu ditemukan peningkatanpembentukan biofilm S. mutans yang secara statistik berbeda bermakna.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) is the main bacteria that caused caries. Propolis had antibacterial properties. Objectives: To Analyzed the effect of propolis honey candy to the biofilm formation of S.mutans that isolated from saliva. Methods: Saliva samples were taken before and after treatment withpropolis honey candy, X candy dan honey candy, and then saliva from subject was cultured on agar TYS20B and liquid medium TYS broth. Biofilm formation ability was determined as the absorbance value of crystal violet. Result: Propolis honey candy and honey candy increased the biofilm formation of S. mutanscompared with before consumption. X candy decreased the biofilm formation of S. mutans compared with before consumption. Conclusion: Consumption of Propolis honey candy increase the biofilm formation of S. mutans, the increase was not significantly different. Consumption of X Candy decrease the biofilm formation of S. mutans, the increase was not significantly different. Consumption of Honey Candy increase the biofilm formation of S. mutans, the increase was significantly different."

"IgY sebagai vaksin pencegah karies gigi perlu ditingkatkan efektivitasnya dengan menciptakan IgY yang spesifik terhadap molekul ComD yang berperan dalam mekanisme quorum sensing. IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dapat dikombinasikan dengan kitosan dalam bentuk sediaan obat kumur. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dan kitosan terhadap kemampuan S.mutans yang diisolasi dari subjek karies dan bebas karies dalam membentuk biofilm. Metode: Subjek penelitian 24 orang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok karies dan bebas karies dengan perlakuan obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dengan dan tanpa kitosan. Obat kumur digunakan 2 kali sehari sebanyak 15-20 ml setiap kali berkumur selama 6 hari dengan durasi 30 detik. Kuantitas biofilm diukur dengan menggunakan metode crystal violet berdasarkan nilai optical density pada Elisa Reader. Hasil: Nilai OD biofilm sebelum diberi perlakuan pada kelompok 1 adalah 0,153; kelompok 2 adalah 0,163; kelompok 3 adalah 0,132 dan kelompok 4 adalah 0,135. Nilai OD biofilm setelah diberi perlakuan pada kelompok 1 adalah 0,136; kelompok 2 adalah 0,141; kelompok 3 adalah 0,164 dan kelompok 4 adalah 0,192. Analisa statistik uji t berpasangan antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna untuk kelompok 3 (p=0,035) dan kelompok 4 (p=0,046). Kesimpulan: Obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dan kitosan meningkatkan kemampuan S.mutans yang diisolasi dari subjek karies dan bebas karies dalam membentuk biofilm.

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The effectiveness of IgY as a dental caries vaccine should be improved by creating IgY specific to ComD that has a role in the mechanism of quorum sensing. IgY anti-ComD S.mutans can be combined with chitosan in the form of mouth rinse.

Objective: To determine the effects of mouth rinse containing IgY anti-ComD S.mutans and chitosan on biofilm-forming isolates of S.mutans from caries subjects and caries-free subjects.

Methods: Subjects were divided into 4 groups: caries and caries-free subjects with mouth rinse containing IgY anti-ComD S.mutans with and without chitosan. Subjects were assigned to rinsing twice daily (for 6 days) with 15-20 ml solution of mouth rinse for 30 seconds. Biofilm formation were measured using crystal violet method based on ELISA optical density value.

Results: Optical density of biofilm before treatment on group 1 is 0,153; group 2 is 0,163; group 3 is 0,132 and group 4 is 0,135. Optical density of biofilm after treatment on group 1 is 0,136; group 2 is 0,141; group 3 is 0,164 and group 4 is 0,192. Statistical analysis showed significant difference for group 3 (p=0,035) and group 4 (p=0,046).

Conclusion: Mouth rinse containing IgY anti-ComD S.mutans and chitosan could increase biofilm forming isolates of S.mutans from caries subjects and caries-free subjects."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit gigi dan mulut yang paling banyak ditemukan di Indonesia adalah karies gigi. Penggabungan antara lilin propolis, yang mempunyai sifat antibakteri, dan CPP-ACP, yang merupakan agen remineralisasi, sebagai bahan aktif di dalam medium permen karet CPP-ACP-Propolis merupakan suatu keuntungan dan inovasi baru dalam upaya pencegahan karies.Tujuan: Menganalisis kerja dari CPP-ACP dan lilin propolis jika digabungkan dalam satu formulasi permen karet, dilihat dari kadar ion kalsium dan ion fosfat yang dilepas CPP-ACP dan penekanan massa biofilm S.mutans oleh lilin propolis, terhadap saliva subjek karies. Metode: Dilakukan simulasi pengunyahan lima konsentrasi permen karet (0%propolis, 0%CPP-ACP; 0%propolis + CPP-ACP; 2%propolis + CPP-ACP; 4%propolis + CPP-ACP; 6%propolis + CPP-ACP) secara in vitro pada 25 sampel saliva subjek karies kemudian diuji menggunakan alat Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer untuk melihat kadar ion kalsium, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer untuk melihat kadar ion fosfat, serta uji crystal violet untuk menganalisis penurunan massa biofilm.Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan kadar kalsium yang signifikan pada saliva + eluen permen karet dibandingkan dengan kontrol saliva, dengan tingkat pelepasan kalsium tertinggi dari permen karet CPP-ACP + 2% propolis. Terdapat peningkatan kadar fosfat yang tidak signifikan antara kontrol saliva dan saliva+eluen permen karet. Terjadi penurunan massa biofilm S.mutans yang signifikan antara kontrol saliva dan saliva+eluen permen karet, dengan penurunan terbanyak oleh konsentrasi permen karet CPP-ACP dan CPP-ACP+6%propolis. Simpulan: Simulasi pengunyahan permen karet CPP-ACP-Propolis menghasilkan peningkatan kadar ion kalsium dan ion fosfat, serta penurunan massa biofilm S.mutans pada saliva subjek karies.

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Background: The most frequent oral disease found in Indonesia is caries. The combination of propolis wax, which is an antibacterial agent, and CPP-ACP, which is a remineralization agent, as the active compounds in chewing gum is an advantage and a new innovation in caries prevention. Aim: To analyze the effect of CPP-APP and propolis wax if both are combined in a chewing gum formulation, observed from the calcium and phosphate ion level released by CPPACP and the emphasis of S.mutans biofilm mass by propolis wax, towards cariesactive subjects’ saliva.Methods: Chewing simulation being done in vitro to 25 caries-active subjects’ saliva sample using five concentrations of chewing gums (0%propolis,0%CPP-ACP; 0%propolis+CPP-ACP; 2%propolis+CPP-ACP; 4%propolis+CPP-ACP; 6%propolis+CPP-ACP), then being tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer to analyze calcium ion level, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer to analyze phosphate ion level, and biofilm assay using crystal violet to analyze the decline in biofilm mass.Results: After chewing simulation, calcium ion level on saliva+gum eluent have increased significantly compared to saliva control, with the highest calcium level released by CPP-ACP +2%propolis chewing gum. There is insignificant phosphate level change between saliva control and saliva + gum eluent. There is also significant decline of S.mutans biofilm mass in the saliva + gum eluent, most decline by CPP-ACP chewing gum and CPP-ACP+6%propolis. Conclusion: CPP-ACP-Propolis chewing simulation generate the increase of calcium and phosphate ion level and the decline in S.mutans biofilm mass of caries-active subjects’ saliva"

"Latar belakang: ECC menjadi masalah serius di Indonesia dan Dunia. Terdapat 3komponen ECC, yaitu gigi, mikroba, serta lingkungan rongga mulut yang dalam hal iniyaitu protein saliva. Penyebab dari ECC sendiri yaitu bakteri Streptococcus mutans.Tidak hanya itu, Candida albicans sering dihubungkan dengan Streptococcus mutanspada plak ECC. Namun, adanya riset di mana Candida albicans cenderung mengurangisifat kariogenik Streptococcus mutans menarik untuk diteliti. Tujuan: menganalisisperan protein saliva ECC terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm Streptococcus mutans danStreptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans (atau dual-spesies) di rongga mulut.Metode: Setiap sampel dilakukan uji SDS-Page untuk melihat apakah terdapatperbedaan profil protein antar setiap sampel. Lalu, sampel dilakukan pengenceranmenjadi 3 konsentrasi, kemudian diinkubasi bersama dengan Streptococcus mutansserta dual-spesies di dalam 96-well plate selama 24 jam dan 48 jam secara anaerob.Lalu, masing-masing biofilm dilakukan uji Crystal Violet Staining (untuk mendapatkannilai Optical density) serta Total Plate Count. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan profilprotein antara saliva ECC dengan laju alir saliva <30 detik, 30-60 detik, 30-60 detikbebas ECC. Pada variabel konsentrasi protein, terdapat perbedaan dan kenaikan nilairerata pada nilai Optical density biofilm pada Streptococcus mutans dan dual-spesies.Tidak terdapat perbedaan secara statistik antara konsentrasi protein saliva denganviabilitas mikroba pada biofilm Streptococcus mutans dan dual-spesies meski nilairerata menunjukkan penurunan viabilitas mikroba. Pada biofilm Streptococcus mutansdan dual-spesies, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hasil uji Optical density danviabilitas mikroba berdasarkan variabel waktu inkubasi biofilm. Meski nilai reratamenunjukkan adanya penurunan pada Optical density Streptococcus mutans, kenaikanpada viabilitas mikroba Streptococcus mutans, dan kenaikan pada Optical densitysekaligus viabilitas mikroba dual-spesies, namun tidak memengaruhi nilaikomparasinya. Kesimpulan: Protein saliva dapat memengaruhi pembentukan biofilmbaik Streptococcus mutans maupun kombinasi dual-spesies Streptococcus mutansdengan Candida albicans. Waktu inkubasi biofilm tidak dapat memengaruhipembentukan biofilm Streptococcus mutans maupun kombinasi dual-spesiesStreptococcus mutans dengan Candida albicans

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Background: ECC is a serious problem in Indonesia and the world. There are 3components of ECC, namely teeth, microbes, and the oral environment, in this casesalivary protein. The cause of ECC itself is Streptococcus mutans. Not only that,Candida albicans is often associated with Streptococcus mutans in ECC plaques.However, the research in which Candida albicans tends to reduce the cariogenicproperties of Streptococcus mutans is interesting. Purpose: to analyze the role of theECC salivary protein on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and combination ofStreptococcus mutans and Candida albicans (or dual-species) biofilms in the oral cavity.Methods: Each sample was subjected to an SDS-Page test to see if there weredifferences in protein profiles between each sample. Then, the sample was diluted into 3concentrations, then incubated together with Streptococcus mutans and dual-species in96-well plates for 24 hours and 48 hours anaerobically. Then, each biofilm wassubjected to a Crystal Violet Staining test (to obtain Optical density value) and TotalPlate Count. Results: There was no difference in protein profile between salivary ECCwith salivary flow rates <30 seconds, 30-60 seconds, ECC-free 30-60 seconds. In theprotein concentration variable, there were differences and an increase in trend lines inthe Optical density value of biofilms in Streptococcus mutans and dual-species. Therewas no statistical difference between salivary protein concentrations and microbialviability in Streptococcus mutans and dual-species biofilms, although the trend lineshowed a decrease in microbial viability. In Streptococcus mutans and dual-speciesbiofilms, there were no significant differences in the Optical density test results andmicrobial viability based on the biofilm incubation time variables. Although the trendline showed a decrease in Optical density Streptococcus mutans, an increase inmicrobial viability of Streptococcus mutans, and an increase in Optical density as wellas dual-species microbial viability, it did not affect the comparative value. Conclusion:Salivary protein can influence biofilm formation for both Streptococcus mutans and thedual-species combination of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Biofilmincubation time could not affect the biofilm formation of both Streptococcus mutansand the dual-species combination of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans"

"Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri utama penyebab karies gigi. Bakteri ini dapat ditemukan pada saliva individu bebas karies sebagai flora normal. Propolis telah dilaporkan memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap berbagai bakteri gram positif dan dapat mereduksi Streptococcus mutan. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi permen propolis madu terhadap prevalensi Streptococcus mutans pada subjek bebas karies. Metode: Subjek penelitian adalah kelompok individu bebas karies. Pada sampel saliva dilakukan perhitungan koloni Streptococcus mutans sebelum dan sesudah tujuh hari konsumsi permen propolis madu, permen madu dan permen merk X. Streptococcus mutans dari sampel saliva dibiakkan pada medium agar TYS20B selama 48 jam, selanjutnya koloni Streptococcus mutans yang terbentuk dihitung dan dinyatakan dalam CFU/ml. Hasil: Seluruh kelompok perlakuan cenderung mengalami penurunan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans jika dibandingkan dengan sebelum konsumsi permen, namun hanya pada kelompok yang mengkonsumsi permen propolis madu yang penurunannya bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Permen propolis madu terbukti dapat menurunkan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans pada individu bebas karies setelah dikonsumsi selama tujuh hari.

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Streptococcus mutans is the main microbes responsible for dental caries. This microb can be found in a caries-free individual’s salivary as a normal flora. Propolis has been reported to have antibacterial effects on various positive gram bacteria and capable to reduce Streptococcus mutans.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Propolis Honey candy consumption on Streptococcus mutans prevalence in a caries-free subject.

Methods: The subject of this research was a caries-free group of individuals. The Streptococcus mutans colony was counted on saliva samples after 7 days period of consuming Propolis Honey candy, Honey candy, and "X" candy. The Streptococcus mutans was proliferated in a TYS20B gelatin medium for 48 hours. The number of Streptococcus mutans colony was expressed in CFU/ml.

Result: Compared with the pre-treatment group, the number of Streptococcus mutans colony in the treatment group tended to show a significant reduction statistically (p<0.05).

Conclusion: After seven days of consumption, the Propolis Honey candy showed that it is capable to reduce the number of Streptococcus mutans colony in caries-free individual. "