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"Once Britain had become separated from the European mainland in the seventh millennium BC, Mesolithic stone tool traditions on opposite sides of the newly formed Channel embarked upon different directions of development. Patterns of cross-Channel contact have been difficult to decipher in this material, prior to the expansion of farming (and possibly farmers) from northern France at the beginning of the fourth millennium BC. Hence the discovery of Late Mesolithic microliths of apparently Belgian affinity at the western extremity of southern Britain—in the Isles of Scilly—comes as something of a surprise. The find is described here in detail, along with alternative scenarios that might explain it. The article is followed by a series of comments, with a closing reply from the authors."

"There is little doubt that the small lithic assemblage from the Isles of Scilly is totally different to that from any other Mesolithic site in Britain. As the authors correctly state, the general resemblances to trapeze-dominated assemblages from the continent, in particular to the Late and Final Mesolithic industries from northern France, Belgium and the southern Netherlands, are very obvious. Typologically, the majority of armatures relate to continental rhombic trapezes, called ‘trapèzes à bases décalées’. Upon closer examination, however, several armatures display morphological or technical features that deviate from continental trapezes, making the Scilly assemblage both unique and enigmatic within north-west Europe. In particular, the presence of a dorsally or ventrally retouched base between both truncations on at least 20 of the armatures (p. 962, fig. 5) is remarkable. This is a feature that does not occur on continental trapezes, not even on the evolved rhombic trapezes known as flèches de Dreuil. The latter are particularly numerous in assemblages from the Somme valley (Ducrocq 1991), near the coast where the Channel crossing is narrowest. The combination of a length–width ratio typically <1 and the general use of flakes as blanks prompts us to interpret these implements as transverse arrowheads rather than standard trapezes. Pursuing this interpretation, the basal retouch might have been applied in order to facilitate their hafting, while the irregular small ‘splinters’ on the unretouched opposite end, visible on several of the drawings, might correspond to damage resulting from use."

"The discovery of Mesolithic arrowheads on the Isles of Scilly with clearly continental European roots challenges the most deeply embedded ideas of Mesolithic specialists. While the disturbed stratigraphic context prevents a full understanding of the complete technical system, we must draw some conclusions regarding the Neolithic transition, and the ways and means of prehistoric navigation. At a more methodological level, this important discovery raises questions about our reading of features of technology, such as the nature of the transfers and whether they were exchanges or copies."

"The adoption of the horse for chariots, wagons and riding had a major impact on human societies, but it has proved difficult to reliably identify early domesticated horses in the archaeological record. This comparative study of equine palaeopathology addresses the problem by analysing wild and domestic horses used for traction or riding. Osteological changes to the skull appear to be the result of mechanical and physiological stress from the use of horses for transport. The results are applied to archaeological examples from the Deer Stone-Khirigsuur Complex of Bronze Age Mongolia (1300–700 BC) and show that those horses were probably bridled and used for transport."

"ABSTRAKThe Osaka University Department of Archaeology has been conducting a reevaluation of Nonaka Kofun, located in the Mozu-Furuichi Mounded Tomb group, which is currently on Japan's tentative list for nomination as UNESCO World Heritage Site. the artifacts from Nonaka Kofun are invaluable not only as representative example of a mass deposit of iron goods, but also as tools to aid in our understanding this important mounded tomb group.This report presents an overview of of recent conservation and utilization efforts conducted by Departments of Archaeology and presents selected results of artifact and X-ray CT analysis.Combining X-ray imaging and 3D data, x-ray CT analysis is an innovative method to measure and analyze cultural properties. the academic significance of the x-ray CT analysis conducted on a selection of the iron armor from Nanoka Kofun, which has long been highly valued within research on Kofun-period armor, cant be overstated. additionally, iron cuirass no. 11, information on which was hiherto unpublished, has been identified as a riveted rectangular-plate cuirass and a line drawing has been produce. furthermore, line drawings were newly produced for the agricultural implements (square blades and u-shaped blades) and tools (planes, knives and axe heads), and these artifacts were evaluated according to the latest archaeological understanding. analyses of these iron goods reveal that they were produced using sophisticated technology introduced during the mid 5th century and have much to offer typological and technological research. "

"ABSTRAKCaruban is a site which emerged between Classical and Islamic period. This site is, located in Lasem District, Rembang Regency, Central Java. In an excavation in 1981, there were three human remains located from this site. This research objective is to find the evidence of diseases from the human remains curated in Laboratory of Bioanthropology and Palaeoanthropology, Gadjah Mada University. This research use paleopathological approach and macrosopic analysis. The results of this research are the individuals age and sex estimation, diseases and its relations with cultural aspects. The cultural influences which reflected in the remains, were dental modification such as dental ablation and dental filing. "

"Mesolithic hunter-gatherer settlements generally leave ephemeral archaeological traces and are notoriously difficult to detect. Nowhere is this more so than on the northern coast of Spain, despite a long tradition of Mesolithic research. In this project, evidence of Mesolithic activity together with the geomorphological and topographical suitability of particular locations were used to select areas for large-scale geophysical survey. The results demonstrate the potential of the new methodology: magnetometry survey at El Alloru revealed the very first Asturian open-air settlement site to be discovered."

"Gua Pawon merupakan salah satu situs prasejarah di Jawa Barat penghasil alat tulang. Jejak pakai yang berbeda dapat memberikan informasi penggunaan yang berbeda pula. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini mempertanyakan ragam bentuk dan penggunaan alat tulang di Gua Pawon. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menunjukkan secara detail bentuk alat tulang dan ciri bekas penggunaannya yang dapat menunjukkan fungsinya yang beragam berdasarkan jejak pakainya dan diharapkan dapat memperkaya khazanah pengetahuan tentang alat tulang di Indonesia, khususnya Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengamatan bagian tajaman alat tulang dengan alat bantu berupa mikroskop dengan pembesaran yang berbeda guna menunjukkan detail bentuk dari jejak pakai. Bentuk jejak pakai yang tampak dibandingkan dengan penelitian para ahli mengenai penggunaan alat tulang dan etnografi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebuah alat tulang tidak hanya dapat digunakan untuk satu aktivitas, tetapi dapat juga digunakan untuk beberapa aktivitas dan beragam material.

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Pawon Cave is one of the prehistoric sites in West Java producing bone tools in the late Pleistocene-early Holocene. Different use traces can provide information on different uses. Therefore, this study questions the various forms and uses of bone tools at Pawon Cave. The purpose of this study is to show in detail the shape of bone tools and the characteristics of their use that can show their diverse functions based on use traces and are expected to enrich the treasury of knowledge about bone tools in Indonesia, especially West Java. This study was conducted by observing the sharp part of the bone tool with a microscope with different magnifications to show the detailed shape of the use trace. The shape of the visible use trace was compared with expert research on the use of bone tools and ethnography. The results of the study show that a bone tool in Pawon Cave is not only used for one activity, but can also be used for several activities and various materials. These activities are cutting, carving, hole punching, drilling, scraping, and rubbing. While the materials are plants, bark, animal skin, and soil."