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"The centuries from the Late Naqada period to the Second Dynasty saw significant changes in Egyptian society. Elite seizures of power and a shift towards a centralised economy changed the way that objects were traded and valued. It is over a century since the discovery of a large flint assemblage in the tomb of Khasekhemwy, the last Second Dynasty ruler, in ‘Cemetery B’ at Abydos. New analysis of these lithic artefacts has revealed that the presence of debitage among the grave goods was more than simply a by-product of manufacture. Such changes in funerary materiality demonstrate a move towards royal control of a prestige goods economy."

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ABSTRACTThis is a short, illustrated introduction to the ever-fascinating topic of Egyptian mummies, by an international expert. It is a readable, short, but authoritative overview of Egyptian mummification. It deals with perennially popular topic. It is illustrated throughout in colour. The author, a world expert on Egyptian mummification, addresses the most frequently asked questions about Egyptian mummies: how and why they were made, the religious beliefs which underpinned mummification, the preservation of animals, and how the mummies have been treated from ancient times until the present day. He provides an up to date summary of the ancient evidence, and also considers modern attitudes to Egyptian mummies, emphasising their role as a major source of knowledge and understanding about past societies."

"The pyramids were already millennia old when the ancient Romans began what eventually would become the modern science of archaeology. This stirring account begins in Roman times and traces the adventures of generations of intrepid men and women who uncovered tombs, deciphered hieroglyphic inscriptions, and brought to light spectacular treasures-all to give us a deeper understanding of Egypt's remarkable civilization. Illustrated with pictures of important discoveries and including facsimiles of archaeologists' maps, sketches, and journal pages, this is an irresistible introduction to the fascinating world of Egyptology."

"Artikel ini membahas tentang perkembangan sinema di Mesir pada tahun 2011-2020. Industri film Mesir mengalami krisis selama periode krisis pasca peristiwa Arab Spring tahun 2011-2013 yang berdampak pada penurunan jumlah produksi film. Selama masa krisis terdapat dua jenis film yang mengisi perfilman nasional, yaitu film komersial yang berfokus pada kuantitas produksi untuk meraih profit sebesar-besarnya dan film independen yang berfokus pada kualitas sinematografi. Di samping itu layanan video on demand berkembang sebagai metode distribusi film baru seiring meningkatnya penggunaan internet. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perfilman Mesir mengalami kebangkitan serta kembali produktif sejak tahun 2016 akibat berkembangnya produksi film independen, distribusi film secara daring, dan kerjasama yang baik dalam komunitas film. Pada penyusunan artikel ini digunakan metode kualitatif dengan melakukan studi pustaka terhadap beberapa buku, jurnal, dan sumber resmi yang terkait. Teori pada penulisan ini adalah teori Third Cinema oleh Teshome Gabriel, yaitu Third Cinema sebagai bentuk revolusi estetika dan politik dalam film yang mencerminkan kehidupan rakyat secara realistis.

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This article discusses the development of cinema in Egypt in the period of 2011-2020. The Egyptian film industry experienced a crisis during the critical period after the Arab Spring event in 2011-2013 which resulted in a decline in the number of film productions. During the crisis period, there were two types of films which are present in cinema, namely commercial films which focused on the quantity of production to achieve maximum profit, and the others are independent films which focused on their quality of cinematography. In addition, video on demand services are developing as a new film distribution method along with the increasing use of the internet. This study finds that Egyptian cinema has experienced a revival and has been productive again since 2016 due to the development of independent film production, online film distribution, and good cooperation in the film community. In preparing this article, a qualitative method was used by conducting a literature study of several books, journals, and related official sources. The theory used in this writing is the theory of Third Cinema by Teshome Gabriel, namely Third Cinema as a form of aesthetic and political revolution in films that reflect the social reality."