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"Broadly speaking, this paper aims to examine how Indonesia law views rape and sexual crimes against women, how victims (women and girls) are projected in the law, and how criminal law affects the female victims seeking justice. Are there any laws adequate in providing protection for victims of sexual crimes? The main law referred to in Indonesia rape cases is the Penal Code (KHUP) created by the Dutch during their occupation in Indonesia. This legal reference has become a "holy book" for law enforces, particularly policemen and prosecutors. However because the Penal Code was created during the colonial period, today it is obsolete and does not offer much protection for victims of sexual crimes. From a woman's perspective, the law might be biased because it was formulated from a male point of view. Indeed, despite efforts by legal development programs to improve management of the judiciary, serious problems remain. The law relating to rape along with the procedural law shows how sex crimes are projected to justice. When the interpretation of law is removed from the context of human victims and perpetuated by institutions access to justice for victims of sexual assault is difficult to obtain. The law which essentially has multiple interpretations is standardized into a single meaning and freezes. When the law freezes, dew interpreters will be sensitive, principled, and courages enough to exercise the necessary discretion to bring justice to victims."

"Kekerasan seksual terhadap anak merupakan peristiwa yang kerap terjadi di Indonesia. Data statistik menunjukkan bahwa angka kekerasan seksual terhadap anak tiap tahun tidak mengalami penurunan yang berarti. Sanksi pidana tidak dapat menjadi satu-satunya alat untuk mengendalikan angka kekerasan seksual terhadap anak. Tindakan kebiri kimia dikeluarkan dengan harapan mampu mengurangi angka kekerasan seksual terhadap anak. Namun, keberadaan sanksi kebiri kimia menimbulkan keberatan dan perbedaan pendapat diberbagai kalangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tujuan pemidanaan dari keberadaan kebiri kimia dan bentuk sanksi yang tepat bagi penjatuhan kebiri kimia di Indoesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan studi dokumen berupa data sekunder dengan wawancara sebagai pelengkap. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa tujuan pemidanaan dari kebiri kimia adalah rehabilitasi, dengan catatan bahwa tindakan kebiri kimia tersebut dijatuhkan bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak yang menderita gangguan pedofilia. Karena dijatuhkan bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak yang menderita gangguan pedofilia untuk tujuan rehabilitasi, maka bentuk sanksi yang tepat adalah tindakan. Bentuk sanksi yang tepat atas penjatuhan kebiri kimia adalah tindakan bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak yang menderita gangguan pedofilia.Sexual assault against children is an phenomenon that often occurs in Indonesia. The statistic shows that the number of sexual assault against children doesn't decrease significantly. Punishment can't be the only way to control the number of sexual assault against children. The treatment of chemical castration perfomed in the hope of reducing the number of sexual assault against children. However, the chemical castration itself raises the objections and difference of opinion in various circle. This research aims to determine the sentencing purpose of chemical castration and the proper sanction for imposing chemical castration in Indonesia. This research is a normative study using documentary studies in the form of secondary data with interviews as a complement. The research was found that the purpose of punishment from chemical castration was for rehabilitation, with notes that the chemical castration treatment is dropped for the sexual offender against children with pedophilia. Regarding the research result, the proper sanction is treatment and the right sanction of the treatment for sexual offender against children is for sexual offender against children with pedophilia disorder."

"ABSTRAKDalam kurun waktu lima tahun terakhir Indonesia dikejutkan oleh maraknya kasus kejahatan seksual terhadap anak, beberapa kasus menimbulkan puluhan korban dari satu pelaku. Menyikapi hal ini, pihak perumus kebijakan memfokuskan perhatiannya kepada upaya pemberatan hukuman semata, pemerintah menganggap bahwa sanksi yang ringan merupakan penyebab kasus terus bertambah. Padahal jika kita mencermati secara lebih luas, terdapat beberapa tipe pelaku kejahatan seksual, salah satunya pengidap pedofilia. Pedofilia dalam ilmu psikologi dikenal sebagai suatu gangguan seksual yang membutuhkan treatment bukan penghukuman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu apakah kebijakan pidana tertentu perlu diterapkan bagi pelaku kejahatan seksual yang mengidap pedofilia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, perbandingan dan pendekatan kasus. Penelitian ini bersifat eksploratoris dengan menelusuri landasan teori pidana dan pemidanaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemidanaan pada sistem peradilan pidana modern tidak hanya memandang perbuatan namun juga pelaku. Perkembangan pemidanaan ini melahirkan ide rehabilitasi dan individualisasi pidana. Konsep rehabiltasi dan individualisasi pidana ini pun sejalan dengan Pasal 10(4) Konvensi Hak Sipil dan Politik dan UU No 12 tahun 1995 tentang Pemasyarakatan yang menjelaskan bahwa pemidanaa bertujuan merehabilitasi dan mengembalikan pelaku kepada masyarakat, sehingga kebijakan khusus bagi pelaku yang mengidap pedofilia diperlukan untuk merehabilitasi dan mengembalikan pelaku kepada masyarakat.

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ABSTRACTOver the past five years, people around Indonesia watched in fear and heartbreak as the number of sexual offences against children has risen. The several cases cause more than one victims from each perpetrator. Legislators and executives zealously react this problem by tightening laws to regulate the heavier sentence. They contend that the insufficient punishment has significant role in the increasing number of sexual offense. In fact, if we see in a wider perspective, sexual offence against children is not merely about criminal act. Sex offenders are classificated into four types, one of them is pedophilic offender. In psychology, Pedophile is known as an abnormal attraction which requires treatment, not punishment. This research aims to investigate whether the distinctive criminal law policy should be regulated for pedophilic offender. This research is a normative juridical, with an approach in legislation, comparison and approaches in cases (case approach), also explores several number of theories of sentencing. Based on this research, it can be concluded that under the modern criminal justice system, both offense conduct and offender characteristic have significant role in sentencing decisionmaking. This concept formulated individualized tailoring of sentences and rehabilitative model which confirming to the concept of correctional board under Law No 12/1995 and rehabilitative model Article 10(4) ICCPR. Therefore, the distinctive criminal law policy for pedophilic offender should be regulated in order to rehabilitate and to resocialize the offenders.;"

"Kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan di lingkungan kerja aktivis kemanusiaan merupakan isu yang jarang didiskusikan dalam lingkup publik dan akademik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisi kekosongan tersebut dengan menyelidiki aspek-aspek yang relevan, seperti faktor penyebab, respons penyintas, hingga respons organisasi kemanusiaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kriminologi feminis-kualitatif dalam bentuk studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan semi-terstruktur dengan dua perempuan penyintas. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori feminis radikal untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan tidak terlepas dari peran sistem patriarki dalam mewujudkan ketidaksetaraan antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa struktur patriarki di lingkungan kerja aktivis kemanusiaan muncul dalam bentuk dominasi laki-laki dan sistem seks/gender yang kemudian melanggengkan kekuasaan laki-laki atas perempuan. Hal tersebut melemahkan perempuan dan menyebabkan berbagai bentuk diskriminasi terhadap perempuan di lingkungan kerja aktivis kemanusiaan, seperti seksisme dan misogini yang kemudian menghasilkan rape culture. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa rape culture merupakan penyebab utama kekerasan seksual di lingkungan kerja aktivis kemanusiaan. Salah satu bentuk rape culture terlembaga yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pembungkaman terhadap perempuan penyintas kekerasan seksual. Pembungkaman yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan oleh organisasi kemanusiaan dalam berbagai strategi dan bentuk. Hal ini kemudian mendorong para perempuan penyintas kekerasan seksual untuk melakukan resistensi terhadap rape culture yang terlembaga sebagai bentuk perlawanan mereka terhadap ketidakadilan.

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Sexual violence against women in the work environment of humanitarian activists is an issue that is rarely discussed in public and academic spheres. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by investigating relevant aspects, such as the contributive factors, survivors' responses, and humanitarian organizations’ responses. The method used in this research is feminist-qualitative criminology in the form of a case study. The data was collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with two women survivors. This research utilized radical feminist theory to explain how sexual violence against women is inseparable from the patriarchal system’s role in perpetuating inequality between men and women. The results of this research show that the patriarchal structure in the work environment of humanitarian activists manifests in the form of male dominance and the sex/gender system, which then perpetuates men’s power over women. This weakens women and leads to various forms of discrimination against women in the work environment of humanitarian activists, such as sexism and misogyny, which then caused rape culture. This research reveals that rape culture is the main cause of sexual violence in the work environment of humanitarian activists. One form of institutionalized rape culture found in this study is the silencing against women survivors. The silencing found in this study is carried out by humanitarian organizations through various strategies and forms. This subsequently encourages women survivors of sexual violence to resist the institutionalized rape culture as a way to fight against injustice."

""By offering both a comprehensive update and new material reflecting the continuing development of the subject, this continues to be the leading textbook on international criminal law. Its experienced author team draws on its combined expertise as teachers, scholars and practitioners to offer an authoritative survey of the field. The third edition contains new material on the theory of international criminal law, the practice of international criminal tribunals, the developing case law on principles of liability and procedures and new practice on immunities. It offers valuable supporting online materials such as case studies, worked examples and study guides. Retaining its comprehensive coverage, clarity and critical analysis, it remains essential reading for all in the field"--"The international criminal courts and tribunals which deal with perpetrators of atrocities are an established part of the effort to bring an end to impunity for international crimes. This leading textbook gives an authoritative account of international criminal law, and focuses on what the student needs to know - the crimes that are dealt with by international courts and tribunals as well as the procedures that govern the investigation and prosecution of those crimes. The reader is guided through controversies with an accessible, yet sophisticated, approach. The four authors have rich experience as lawyers in this field, as teachers of the subject, and as negotiators at the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The book covers new developments in the case law and the practice and is essential reading for students and teachers of international criminal law and international relations. It is supplemented by a package of online resources (www.cambridge.org/​law/​cryer), which offers convenient access to primary sources, excerpts for supplementary reading, problems and questions for reflection and discussion, and materials for exercises and simulations. Robert Cryer is Professor of International and Criminal Law at the University of Birmingham. Hn Friman is is an Associate Judge of Appeals in Sweden and Deputy Director of the Division of Criminal Law at the Swedish Ministry of Justice. He is Visiting Professor at University College London. Darryl Robinson is a professor at Queen's University, Faculty of Law, Kingston, Canada. Elizabeth Wilmshurst is a senior fellow in international law at Chatham House and Visiting Professor at University College London"--"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan, khususnya dalam bentuk pemerkosaan, merupakan masalah serius yang terjadi di Indonesia. Meskipun demikian, masih belum tercipta kondisi yang mendukung bagi korban karena adanya penerimaan mitos pemerkosaan. Studi ini dilakukan untuk menguji peranan seksisme ambivalen dan objektifikasi seksual terhadap perempuan dalam memprediksi penerimaan mitos pemerkosaan pada mahasiswa laki-laki di wilayah Jabodetabek. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seksisme ambivalen ? = 0,412, t 2, 272 =8,118.

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Sexual violence against woman, particularly in the form of rape, is a serious problem that occurs in Indonesia. However, the condition for rape victim is still not supporting enough because of rape myth acceptance. This study is conducted to examine the role of ambivalent sexism and sexual objectification of women to predict rape myth acceptance among male college student in Jabodetabek region. The result shows that ambivalent sexism 0,412, t 2, 272 8,118."

"Kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di gereja masih didiamkan. Secara khusus kekerasan seksual yang dilakukan oleh laki-laki pendeta kepada perempuan calon pendeta dan perempuan pendeta muda di gereja. Posisi subordinat mereka secara struktural maupun hirarkis di gereja menjadikan mereka rentan terhadap pelecehan seksual. Tak mudah bagi perempuan calon pendeta dan perempuan pendeta muda korban pelecehan seksual untuk mengungkapkan pelecehan yang mereka alami. Dari latar belakang itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menarasikan narasi perempuan calon pendeta dan pendeta muda korban kekerasan seksual dan mendalami agensi mereka terhadap politik nama baik dalam imajinasi patriarki yang masih hidup di gereja. Perlawanan mereka terhadap pelecehan dan bentuk intimidasi lainnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan perspektif feminis terhadap pengalaman perempuan korban dan menjadikan metode women interview women untuk mendapatkan data dari narasi subjek.  Data tersebut dianalisa dengan pemikiran Mary Daly tentang Beyond God The Father, sebagai realitas yang dilampaui perempuan ketika memiliki kesadaran kritis terhadap imajinasi patriarki di gereja. Teori Agensi dari Sherry B Ortner yang menawarkan tiga komponen yakni intensionalitas, konstruksi budaya dan relasi agensi dengan kekuasaan. Selain itu, kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di gereja dianalisa dengan menggunakan teori seksual politic (Katte Millet) dan konstruksi gender yang cacat dari Dorothy Dinnerstein. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa intensionalitas subjek dibentuk dari kesadaran kiritis yang dimiliki oleh perempuan dari pengetahuan, pengalaman dan emosinya ketika menghadapi pelecehan seksual. Intensionalitas itu melampaui imajinasi patriarki dan politik nama baik yang seringkali menjadi alasan pelecehan seksual di gereja tidak diungkapkan. Selain itu, ruang imajinasi menjadi cara mereka membangun harapan tentang gereja yang lebih aman dari perspektif korban.

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Sexual violence that occurs in the church is still kept quiet; silenced. In particular, the sexual violence committed by male priest to female priest candidates and young female priest in the Christian church. Their subordinate position in the church structurally and hierarchically makes them vulnerable to sexual harassment. It is not easy for women priest candidate and young women priest who are victims of sexual harassment to reveal the harassment they experience. From that background, this research aims to narrate the narrative of women candidates for pastors and young pastors who are victims of sexual violence and explore their agency for the politics of reputation in the patriarchal imagination that is still alive in the church. Their resistance to harassment and other forms of intimidation. This research was conducted with a feminist perspective approach to the victim's female experience and through the women interview women method to obtain data from the subject's narrative.  This research is analyzed with Mary Daly's thoughts on Beyond God The Father, as a reality that women surpass when they have a critical awareness of the patriarchal imagination in the church; Ortner's Agency Theory in which offers components such as intentionality, cultural construction, and agency relations with power; Millet’s offers   theory of sexual politics analyzed sexual violence in the church; Dinnerstein’s the flawed gender construction. This research founds that the informants’ intentionality is formed from the critical consciousness possessed by women from their knowledge, experiences and emotions when facing sexual harassment. That intentionality goes beyond the patriarchal imagination and ideology in the politics of sexuality because each subject has a different way of resisting. In addition, the imagination space became their way of building hope about a safer church from the perspective of the victim."

"Latar Belakang: Angka kejahatan seksual di Indonesia cukup tinggi. Dalam kasus pelecehan seksual, tim forensik akan meminta sampel dari TKP. Sampel yang di dapatkan pada kasus pemerkosaan biasanya berbentuk campuran sperma dengan sel vagina. Differential extraction telah digunakan sebagai standar dalam memisahkan komponen seluler dan sperma. Differex System diperkenalkan oleh Promega Co, mengkombinasikan fase separasi dan sentrifugasi berjenjang dalam memisahkan DNA epitel dan sperma. Tujuan: Mengetahui pemisahan sel sperma dari epitel dalam berbagai variasi konsentrasi dengan metode Differex System. Metode: Sampel epitel dan sperma diambil dan dicampurkan dalam 4 kelompok rasio epitel dibanding sperma (1:1), (2:1), (5:1), (10:1). Sampel kemudian dilakukan pemisahan sel sperma dari epitel menggunaakan metode Differex System. Hasil: Terjadi pemisahan antara sperma dan epitel pada keempat rasio. Secara statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara keempat rasio pada fraksi sperma. Kesimpulan: Metode Differex System dapat memisahkan sperma dengan epitel. Rasio pemisahan terbaik, jika dilihat dari konsentrasi DNA yang dihasilkan, adalah rasio (1:1)"