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"Legislative and presidential elections were conducted respectively on 5 April, 5 July and 20 September 2004, in the new emerging democracy, Indonesia. Aside from its imprefect preparation and implementations, compare to the previous general elections in the country, it can be said that the legislative election were conducted in a more democratic way than in the past. After more than four decades, for the first time indonesians went to the poll and directly choose their representatives through a combination of an individuals candidate and party list systems, by which people had an alternative choice of parliamentary candidates from every party to be elected. More importantly, was the first time the people directly elected their president  and vice president after more than a half century since the country proclaims its independence from the Dutchcolonial government."

"Partisipasi perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan dan pembuat kebijakan masih sangat rendah baik pada demokrasi yang sudah mapan maupun bagi yang baru tumbuh. Jumlah perempuan menurut data statistik lebih dari 50 persen populasi, namun keterwakilan perempuan tidak proporsional pada semua tingkat pengaruh, pengambil keputusan dan pembuat kebijakan. Ketimpangan keterwakilan demokrasi yang sangat besar sebenarnya bergantung pada political will di tingkat para pengambil keputusan dan pembuat kebijakan yang pertama-tama harus dimulai di dalam sebuah partai politik sebagai stake holder. Sebenarnya konsep kesetaraan gender sama sekali bukan hal mewah dan sudah tidak dapat ditangguhkan lagi bagi negara untuk memberlakukannya.Dalam dunia politik Perbedaan gender yang pada akhirnya menciptakan ketidakadilan gender atau gender inequalities dan budaya patriarkhi yang dimaksud merupakan suatu sistem dari struktur dan praktek-praktek sosial dalam mana kaum laki-laki menguasai dan menghisap, kata kuncinya adalah kekuasaan laki-laki atas perempuan.Ketidakadilan gender ini dapat dilihat dari hasil Pemilu 1999 jumlah perempuan yang mendapatkan kursi di tingkat nasional DPR RI hanya mencapai 9 persen dan hasil Pemilu 2004 ada sedikit peningkatan yakni menjadi 11,08 persen. Dan sebagai studi kasus dalam tesis ini diambil Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDI Perjuangan) dengan pertimbangan sebagai salah satu partai terbesar dan partai nasionalis.Dari hasil penelitian data perempuan di struktur harian PDI Perjuangan terutama pada Jabatan Ketua dan Sekretaris hampir dibawah 1 persen mengakibatkan posisi tawar untuk caleg jadi juga rendah karena ada peraturan yang dikeluarkan Dewan Pimpinan Pusat PDI Perjuangan yakni di dalam SK 304 dan SK 267,tahun 2004 tentang tata cara penjaringan dan penyaringan yang mengatur jabatan Ketua dan Sekretaris berhak mendapat prioritas utama untuk mendapat nomor unit jadi. Adanya standar ganda yang dipergunakan dan masih sangat bias gender karena tidak adanya political will dari para elit-elit partai. Tim penjaring dan penyaring untuk caleg PDI Perjuangan 99, 9 persen terdiri dari laki-laki yang sekaligus para elitis pengurus partai.Para elit di struktur harian partai di PDI Perjuangan-beranggapan dengan memberikan quota 30 persen bagi perempuan adalah sangat tidak demokratis karena mengacu pada hak istimewa bagi perempuan sehingga mengabaikan laki-laki.Sehingga di dalam perjalanan perempuan untuk mendapatkan hak-hak yang setara dengan laki-laki di dunia politik dirasakan perlu di definisikan kembali tentang peran gender dan mengkoreksi stereotip-strereotip dan ketidakseimbangan untuk memastikan bahwa setiap warga negara memiliki akses yang sama terhadap sumber daya.Jumlah halaman : 141 : pustaka : 56 buku : 8 dokumen : 12 artikel Surat Kabar/majalah :30 narasumber wawancara : 12 Tabel : 6 lampiran)

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Daily Structural Position Influence in the Indonesia Democratic Party the Struggle Against Legislative Recruitment Pattern in the 2004 ElectionWomen involvement in decision and policy making is still underprivileged both in well established and the under developing democracy. Statistical data stated that women were more than 50 percent of population; nevertheless, women's representation is less likely proportional in every influencing level, within the decision and policy makers. This overwhelmingly unbalanced of democratic representation is actually depends on political will amongst those decision and policy makers, which initially started within a political party as the stake holder. Literally, the gender equality concept is not something considered as an inapplicable luxury, and it should not be postponed for the state to apply.

In the political world, gender differential, in which ends up by creating gender inequalities and patriarchy culture, meaning as a system of structure and social practices, where men rules and absorbs, the keyword is men rules over women.

This gender inequality can be seen from the result of the 1999 Election, where the number of women earned positions in the DPR RI at national level were only 9 percent, and from the result of the 2004 Election, there was only a minor increase to 11,08 percent. In consideration as one of the largest political and nationalist party, the case study for this thesis was taken from the Indonesia Democratic Party the Struggle (PDI Perjuangan).

Taken from the study on women's data in the daily structure of the Indonesia Democratic Party the Struggle, focused on its chairman and secretary, which nearly less than 1 percent causing ineffective position to inaugurated legislatives recruits, also low for the policy pronounced by the Central Administration Board of the Indonesia Democratic Party the Struggle, in its SK 304 and SK 267, year 2004, regarding procedures and conducts of recruitment and screening, which placing the Chairman and Secretary position in primary priority to have inaugurate serial number. The use of existing double standard and refractivity in gender caused by lack ness of political will from the Party's elites. The legislative recruitment and screening team of the Indonesia Democratic Party the Struggle were 99.9 percent are men; who also elite of the Party's administrative.

Elites in daily structure of the Indonesia Democratic Party the Struggle considers that, by giving 30 percent of quota to women is so not democratic, because it points to the women's special rights, thus ignoring men.

So that in women's journey toward equality of rights against men in political world is necessary to redefine the gender role and correcting stereotypes and inequalities, in regard to ensure that each citizen is having equal access to resources.

Pages : 141 : Literatures : 56 books : 8 documents : 12 newspaperlmagazine articles : 30 informant interviews : 12 tables : 6 appendixes)"

"Golkar adalah organisasi politik di Indonesia yang selalu menempati urutan tertinggi dalam perolehan suara pada setiap Pemilu. Hal ini selain karena Partai Golkar didukung oleh struktur organisasi dan kelembagaan yang sudah mapan, juga karena telah memiliki pengala man yang cukup matang dalam pemenangan suara dalam setiap pelaksanaan Pemilu. Namun, kesuksesan tersebut belum didukung oleh penerapan kebijakan yang lebih responsif gender yang berakibat pada rendahnya tingkat keterwakilan perempuan dalam kepengurusan Partai Golkar dan di parlemen. Jadi, permasalahan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kebijakan Partai Golkar dalam meningkatkan keterwakilan perempuan di Parlemen pada periode kepengurusan 1999 - 2004.Penelitian ini terkait erat dengan teori budaya patriarki dari Gorda Lerner dan Aristoteles, teori gender dari Arid Budiman dan Nunuk P Murniati, teen Kuota dari Drude Dahlerup, teori kebijakan dari Friedrick dan Anderson, teen demokrasi dari Robert Dahl, serta mempunyai signifikansi dengan pengembangan teori Partai Politik yang terkait erat dengan fungsi Partai Politik dan Miriam Budiarjo.Dari teori tersebut, terdapat signifikansi praktis dalam upaya untuk mendorong keterwakilan perempuan di kepengurusan Partai Golkar khusiisnya dan di Parlemen umumnya.Fokus analisis penelitian ini adalah pada Partai Golkar dengan variabel yang diamati adalah kebijakan dan fungsi Golkar sebagai Partai politik, sosialisasi politik , dan sistem rekruitmen dalam partai Golkar.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data penelitian bersumber dari hasil wawancara mendalam (dept interview) terhadap 15 orang informan kunci (key informant). Teknik penentuan informan kunci dengan metode snow ball. Data sekunder meneakup studi kepustakaan dan publikasi ilmiah serta laporan lembaga resin yang terkait dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara akadeniik.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagai Partai, Golkar memiliki kebijakan politik yang jelas, dengan mekanisme (struktur dan kerangka) organisasi dan pengkaderan yang modem, terstruktur dan sistematis dengan poly rekruitmen kader yang baik. Tapi, budaya patriarki sebagaimana teori yang dikemukakan oleh Gorda Lerner dan Aristoteles masih mengakar kuat di tubuh Partai Golkar yang berimplikasi pada rasionalisasi penempatan pengurus perempuan dalam struktur partai menjadi tidak signifikan dengan jumlah kader perempuan Partai Golkar dan kurangnya peningkatan keterwakilan perempuan di Parlemen. Partai Golkar juga belum maksimal dalam menjalankan fungsinya secara lebih "demokratis" sebagaimana teori Robert Dahl, yang berimplikasi pada kebijakan yang bias gender yang mengakibatkan rendahnya keterwakilan perempuan di Parlemen, yalmi hanya berhasil menempatkan 16 orang kader perempuan atau 11,76% dari 136 kursi yang diperoleh Partai Golkar dalam Pemilu 1999 lalu..rumlah yang jaub dari target kuota yang disarankan dalam UU Partai Politik.

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Golkar is a political organization in Indonesia which always in the highest position in every election. It is not only because the party is supported by an establish structure of organization and institution, but also its vivid experience in winning the elections. However, its success has not been supported by more responsive politic implementation on gender which causes lower-level women representative ness in the board of the organization and in the parliament. Thus, the problem of the research is that how is the policy of the party in increasing women representative ness in parliament in the period of 1999-2004.

This research has a strong attachment with theory of culture of patriarchy from Gerda Lerner and Aristoteles, theory off gender from Arief Budiman and Nunuk P Murniati, theory c; quota from Drude Dahlerup, theory of policy from Friedrick and Anderson, theory of democracy from Robert Dahl, theory and relates to development theory of political party from Miriam Budiardjo. From the theories, there is a practical significance of efforts in endorsing women representative ness in the board of the party and in parliament in general,

The focus of the research is on Golkar Party and variables of the research are policy and function of the party as a political party, political socialization, and recruitment system in the party. The research applies a qualitative approach. Data resources of the research are from in=depth interview on 15 key informants using snowball technique. Secondary data includes literature study, scientific publication, and also official reports from related institutions,

The result of the research shows that as a party, Golkar has a clear policy, with its mechanism (structure and framework) of organization and modern, structured and systematic forming of cadre with good recruitment system. However, culture of women in its board and representative in parliament. The party has also less afford in implementing its function to be more democratic. It implicates to bias gender policy and lower-level of women representative ness in parliament. The party only got 16 representatives or 11, 76% from 136 seats of the party in parliament a results of 1999 election and less then quota targeted by the law of Political Party."

"Disertasi ini membahas tentang pembubaran partai politik di Indonesia pada kurun waktu 1959 sampai 2004, baik dari sisi pengaturan hukum maupun praktik pelaksanaannya serta prospek pengaturan di masa yang akan datang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan sejarah dan perbandingan hukum. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam kurun waktu 1959 hingga 2004 pada masing-masing periode, yaitu Orde Lama, Orde Baru, dan Reformasi, terdapat ketentuan yang berbeda-beda tentang pembubaran partai politik. Pada kurun waktu tersebut juga terjadi beberapa praktik pembubaran partai politik dalam berbagai bentuk baik berdasarkan hukum yang berlaku maupun tidak. Di masa yang akan datang perlu dilakukan pengaturan yang lebih mendetail terkait dengan alasan pembubaran, pemohon, proses peradilan, serta akibat hukum pembubaran partai politik.

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The focus study of this disertation is the law and practices of the dissolution of political parties in Indonesia since 1959 until 2004, and how it should be ruled in the future. This research is a normative research that use historical dan comparative approach. The result is tha there were laws concerning the dissolution of political parties between 1959 until 2004 for each period, Orde Lama, Orde Baru, and Reformasi. Some political parties had dissolved at that time with various ways, whether based on positive law or not. The reseacher sugest that The law concerning the dissolution of political party in the future should be more detail especially about the ground or reason of dissolution, applicant, court process, and the consequences."

"Untuk pertama kalinya Pemilihan Umum (Bab VIIB Pasal 22E) dimasukkan dalam amandemen UUD '45. Selanjutnya Pemilu diatur oleh Undang-Undang nomor 12/2003 yang diantaranya memuat tentang Sistem Pemilu Proporsional Dengan Daftar Calon Terbuka. Sistem Pemilu itu merupakan suatu terobosan politik yang baru di Era Reformasi sehingga menarik untuk diteliti.Dari latar belakang tersebut timbul pertanyaan penelitian yaitu: 1. Apakah Sistem Pemilu Proporsional dengan Daftar Calon Terbuka cukup efektif untuk menjaring calon legislator pilihan rakyat atau malahan menciptakan konflik dan fragmentasi di dalam partai?; 2. Apakah Undang-Undang Pemilu menguntungkan Partai Politik Besar dan merugikan Partai Politik Kecil?; 3. Apakah Undang-Undang Pemilu dapat menciptakan sistem multi-partai sederhana seperti yang diamanatkan oleh Undang Undang Partai Politik nomor 31 tahun 2002 ?Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian penulis memakai pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif-analitis. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap 7 orang informan kunci dan penelusuran transkrip rekaman persidangan selama pembahasan Rancangan Undang-Undang Pemilu sampai disahkan menjadi Undang-Undang No.1212003, didukung data sekunder hasil pemilu 2004, serta studi pustaka.Teori yang untuk menganalisa penelitian ini memakai: Teori Transisi demokrasi O'Donnel, Teori Sistem Pemilu Reynolds, dan Teori Demokrasi Inklusif Young.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemilu gagal menjaring calon legislator pilihan rakyat, bahkan sebagian menimbulkan masalah dikalangan legislator terpilih. Undang-Undang Pemilu No. 1212003 memberikan keuntungan bagi Partai Besar berupa over-representation, dan merugikan Partai Kecil dengan under-representation. Undang-Undang Pemilu belum dapat menciptakan sistem multi-partai sederhana, tetapi dampaknya mengurangi jumlah peserta Pemilu 2004.Implikasi teoritisnya adalah teori transisi demokrasi O'Donnel berlaku dalam penelitian ini khususnya bagi Partai Besar PDIP dan Golkar (partai lama), yang mana. Partai Besar cenderung mempertahankan kekuasaannya terhadap pemilih maupun terhadap Partai Kecil dalam pembuatan Undang-Undang Pemilu No. 12/2003.

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For the first time, election (section VIIB article 22e) is included in the amendment of UUD 1945. Furthermore, election is arranged by the Law number 23 years 2003 which inserts the open list proportional system. This system is a new political breakthrough in the reformation era so that interesting to be explored.

From that background, some research questions rise. They are 1) is the system of open List proportional effective to select legislative candidates who are chosen by the voters or does it emerge political conflict and fragmentation among the parties; 2) does it give any advantages for major parties and oppositely disadvantages minor political parties; 3) is the law can develop simple multiparty system as mentioned in the Law number 31 year 2002 on Political Party.

To answer those question, this research applies qualitative approach and the category of the research is descriptive analytic. Primary data collection is examined by using in-depth interview with seven key informants and tracking transcript of codification sessions of the law. is also supported by secondary data such as the result of election in 2004 and literature study.

Theories applied in the research to analyze the issues are theory of transition to democracy from O'Donnel, theory of election from Reynolds, and theory of inclusive democracy from Young.

The result shows that the system of election applied in the law fail to select legislative candidates chosen by the voters, and even raises problems for elected candidates. The law gives advantages for major parties in term of over-representation and disadvantages minor parties in term of under-representation. The Law of Election has not developed simple multiparty system, even though the implication is degradation the number of political parties which involve in the election.

The theoretical implication of the research is that theory of transition to democracy from O'Donnel is relevant with the result of the research, especially for major parties such as Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle and Golkar, which tend to maintain their power to their voters and minor parties in the codification of the law."

"[ABSTRAKTujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh faktor-faktor identitasdan identifikasi politik masyarakat terhadap rendahnya perolehan suara parpol Islam. Selainitu juga untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor perilaku apa saja dan interaksi politik parpolIslam seperti apa yang berpengaruh terhadap menurunnya elektabilitas, serta apakahperubahan landscape politik nasional dalam sejarah politik Indonesia berpengaruh terhadapstrategi parpol Islam untuk mengantisipasi penurunan elektabilitas tersebut.Pemilu 2014 menjadi potret terbaru bagaimana partai Islam kembali mengulangi sejarah yangsama, yakni tidak mampu mendobrak dominasi partai-partai nasionalis dalam perolehan suarapemilu di Indonesia. Kekalahan ini menghidupkan lagi wacana sekaligus perdebatanmengenai berakhirnya politik aliran di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwapolitik aliran itu tidak betul-betul berakhir. Meskipun pengaruhnya terhadap pemilih tidaksekuat Pemilu 1955, namun politik aliran tetap bereksistensi. Tentu saja saat ini trikotomiGeertz, yang membagi umat Islam atas santri, priyayi, dan abangan, tidak terlalu relevan.Sebab, umat Islam sudah semakin rasional dalam memilih, tak terkecuali kaum santri. Di sisilain, partai politik sendiri cenderung bergeser ke tengah. Partai-partai nasionalis saat ini tidak“anti” Islam. Bahkan partai seperti PDIP, Gerindra, dan Golkar sudah punya sayap organisasiIslam. Sebaliknya, partai Islam seperti PPP dan PKS sudah sering menyatakan diri sebagaipartai terbuka, sebagai respon dari asumsi bahwa politik aliran sudah mencair dan bahkanberakhir. Selain persoalan tersebut, dalam tesis ini juga dikemukakan mengenai prospekpartai Islam, yang di antaranya dengan mengacu pada hasil suara partai Islam dalam Pemilu2014 dan posisinya ketika dikonfrontir dengan berbagai hasil survei yang menyebutkanbahwa partai Islam pasca Pemilu 2014 akan suram.Tesis ini menggunakan teori partai politik dan teori ideologi, bagaimana teori tersebutmelihat partai Islam di Indonesia. Konsep-konsep, baik dari Geertz yang membagi umatIslam di Jawa yang terdiri dari santri, abangan, dan priyayi, maupun dari Herbert Faith jugamenjadi salah satu pembanding, apakah konsep-konsep tersebut masih relevan dalam melihatpolitik aliran dalam Pemilu 2014.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this thesis is to determine the extent of the influence of factors of identity andpolitical identification of society to the low number of votes of Islamic political parties. Inaddition, to identify the factors and interaction behavior any Islamic political parties as towhat effect on decreasing elektabilitas, and whether changes in the national politicallandscape in Indonesia's political history affect the strategy of Islamic political parties toanticipate the decline elektabilitas.Election of 2014 became the latest portrait how Islamic parties reiterated the same history,which is not able to break the dominance of nationalist parties in the history of vote electionsin Indonesia. This defeat at the same discourse revive debate about the end of the flow inIndonesian politics. In this study, it was found that the flow politics not really ended.Although its influence on voters is not as strong as the 1955 election, but the political streamremains to exist. Of course, this time the trichotomy of Geertz, which divides the muslimstudents, gentry, and abangan, not too relevant. Therefore, the muslim students areincreasingly rational in choosing, not to mention the students. On the other hand, the politicalparties themselves are likely to shift to the center. Nationalist parties today are not "anti"Islam. Even parties like PDIP, Gerindra, and Golkar already have Islamic organization‟swings. In contrast, Islamist parties like PPP and PKS have often refers to himself as an openparty, with the assumption that the political stream has ended. In this thesis also expressedabout the prospects for Islamic parties, some of which with reference to the Islamic party‟svote in the 2014 election and its position when confronted with various results of manysurvey say that the Islamist party after the 2014 election will be bleak.This thesis uses the theory of political parties and the theory of ideology, how these theoriessee Islamic parties in Indonesia. Concepts, both of Geertz that divides Muslims in Java,which consists of students, abangan, and gentry, and of Herbert She also became one of thecomparison, whether these concepts are still relevant in view of the political streams in the2014 election, The purpose of this thesis is to determine the extent of the influence of factors of identity andpolitical identification of society to the low number of votes of Islamic political parties. Inaddition, to identify the factors and interaction behavior any Islamic political parties as towhat effect on decreasing elektabilitas, and whether changes in the national politicallandscape in Indonesia's political history affect the strategy of Islamic political parties toanticipate the decline elektabilitas.Election of 2014 became the latest portrait how Islamic parties reiterated the same history,which is not able to break the dominance of nationalist parties in the history of vote electionsin Indonesia. This defeat at the same discourse revive debate about the end of the flow inIndonesian politics. In this study, it was found that the flow politics not really ended.Although its influence on voters is not as strong as the 1955 election, but the political streamremains to exist. Of course, this time the trichotomy of Geertz, which divides the muslimstudents, gentry, and abangan, not too relevant. Therefore, the muslim students areincreasingly rational in choosing, not to mention the students. On the other hand, the politicalparties themselves are likely to shift to the center. Nationalist parties today are not "anti"Islam. Even parties like PDIP, Gerindra, and Golkar already have Islamic organization‟swings. In contrast, Islamist parties like PPP and PKS have often refers to himself as an openparty, with the assumption that the political stream has ended. In this thesis also expressedabout the prospects for Islamic parties, some of which with reference to the Islamic party‟svote in the 2014 election and its position when confronted with various results of manysurvey say that the Islamist party after the 2014 election will be bleak.This thesis uses the theory of political parties and the theory of ideology, how these theoriessee Islamic parties in Indonesia. Concepts, both of Geertz that divides Muslims in Java,which consists of students, abangan, and gentry, and of Herbert She also became one of thecomparison, whether these concepts are still relevant in view of the political streams in the2014 election]"

"Penelitian ini membahas perubahan gerakan bersenjata ke partai politik : studi komparatif Partai Aceh-Indonesia & Partai Sinn Fein-Irlandia Utara pada pemilu periode 2009-2022. Terdapat dua permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, pertama, bagaimana perubahan gerakan bersenjata menjadi partai politik GAM ke Partai Aceh dan IRA ke Partai Sinn Fein, kedua, bagaimana pelembagaan Partai Aceh dan Partai Sinn Fein pada pemenangan pemilu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparatif Sigmund Neumann yang bertujuan membandingkan faktor-faktor penelitian terkait pelembagaan Partai Aceh dan Partai Sinn Fein. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam kepada narasumber penelitian, serta pengumpulan data sekunder melalui dokumen-dokumen, gambar-gambar terkait. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada transformasi gerakan bersenjata ke partai politik, Partai Aceh kecenderungan menggunakan pola patronase dalam memaksimalkan kinerja mesin partai untuk mencapai tujuan politik, meskipun Partai Aceh berhasil menjadi pemenang selama tiga periode pemilu pasca konflik, tetapi mengalami penurunan perolehan kursi di DPR Aceh. Sedangkan Partai Sinn Fein dalam transformasi gerakan bersenjata pasca-konflik berhasil mempertahankan perolehan kursi di Majelis Irlandia Utara dan mencatat sejarah dengan menduduki jabatan menteri pertama sejak tahun 1921. Sedangkan terkait transformasi gerakan bersenjata menjadi partai politik yakni Partai Aceh dan Partai Sinn Fein dengan melihat (demiliterisasi struktur organisasi, demokratisasi pengambilan keputusan, pengembangan organisasi partai dan adaptasi strategi dan tujuan). Signifikansi teori Armed Rebellion, Institusionalisasi dan transformasi gerakan bersenjata ke partai politik relevan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Teori ini dapat membantu melihat perubahan gerakan bersenjata ke partai politik di kedua wilayah pasca konflik, meskipun hasil pada keduanya berbeda, secara keseluruhan dapat dikategorikan sukses.

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This research discusses the change of armed movements to political parties: a comparative study of the Aceh-Indonesia Party & Sinn Fein Party-North Ireland in the 2009-2022 election period. There are two problems in this research, first, how is the change of the armed movement from GAM to the Aceh Party and IRA to the Sinn Fein Party, second, how is the institutionalization of the Aceh Party and the Sinn Fein Party in winning elections. This study uses the Sigmund Neumann comparative method which aims to compare research variables related to the institutionalization of the Aceh Party and the Sinn Fein Party. Data collection techniques were carried out by in-depth interviews with research informants, as well as secondary data collection through related documents and images. The results of this study indicate that in the transformation of armed movements into political parties, the Aceh Party tends to use patronage patterns in maximizing the performance of the party machine to achieve political goals, even though the Aceh Party has succeeded in becoming the winner during the three post-conflict election periods, it has experienced a decrease in the number of seats in the Aceh DPR. Meanwhile, the Sinn Fein Party in the transformation of the post-conflict armed movement succeeded in retaining seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly and made history by occupying the first ministerial position since 1921. Meanwhile, with regard to the transformation of the armed movement into a political party, namely the Aceh Party and the Sinn Fein Party by looking at (demilitarization of organizational structure, democratization of decision-making, development of party organization and adaptation of strategies and objectives). The significance of Armed Rebellion theory, institutionalization and transformation of armed movements into relevant political parties is used in this research. This theory can help to see the change of armed movements to political parties in both post-conflict areas, although the results for the two are different, overall it can be categorized as successful.

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"Tulisan ini menganalisis bagaimana peraturan di Indonesia dan peraturan internal dari 3 besar partai politik dan 2 partai politik baru yang belum memiliki kursi di DPR RI dalam menetapkan syarat perihal keanggotaan partai politik itu sendiri maupun calon anggota legislatif  DPR RI. Tulisan ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal dan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Secara umum, lima partai politik yang terdiri dari PDIP, Gerindra, Perindo, dan PSI telah berupaya semaksimal mungkin untuk menyiapkan kader yang berkualitas. Hal ini terlihat dari adanya sekolah partai dari masing-masing partai. Walaupun terdapat beberapa perbedaan mengenai mekanisme kerangka yang dilaksanakan oleh partai, namun kelima partai tersebut tetap menjunjung tinggi proses kaderisasi. Dalam AD/ART kelima partai tersebut juga telah sejalan dengan ketentuan Peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan syarat keanggotaan partai politik dan calon anggota DPR, yakni UUD NRI 1945, UU No. 7 Tahun 2017, UU No. 2 Tahun 2008, dan Peraturan KPU No. 10 Tahun 2023. Meski demikian, belakangan ini banyak peraturan yang mendapat tanggapan negatif dari publik. Pengesahan revisi Undang-Undang tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) Tahun 2019 dan Undang-Undang No.11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Aspirasi masyarakat kurang diserap dengan baik sehingga menghasilkan undang-undang yang kontroversial. Menghadapi Pemilu 2024 yang sedang ramai-ramainya calon legislatif menarik perhatian massa dengan kampanye, timbul dalam benak masyarakat sebenarnya bagaimana pola rekrutmen dari partai politik sehingga menghasilkan anggota DPR RI yang sedemikian rupa. 

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This paper analyzes how the regulations in Indonesia and the internal regulations of the 3 major political parties and 2 new political parties that do not yet have seats in the DPR RI in determining the requirements regarding the membership of the political party itself and the DPR RI legislative candidates. This paper is prepared using doctrinal research methods and uses secondary data obtained from literature studies. The results show that in general, the five political parties consisting of PDIP, Gerindra, Perindo, and PSI have made every effort to prepare qualified cadres. This can be seen from the existence of party schools from each party. Although there are some differences regarding the framework mechanism implemented by the parties, the five parties still uphold the regeneration process. The bylaws of the five parties have also been in line with the provisions of the laws and regulations relating to the membership requirements of political parties and candidates for DPR members, namely UUD NRI 1945, UU No. 7 Tahun 2017 and UU No. 2 Tahun 2008, dan Peraturan KPU No. 10 Tahun 2023. However, recently many regulations have received negative responses from the public. The ratification of the revision of Undang-Undang tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) Tahun 2019, Undang-Undang No.11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. The aspirations of the community are not well absorbed, resulting in controversial laws. Facing the 2024 elections, when legislative candidates are busy attracting the attention of the masses with campaigns, the public's mind is actually how the recruitment patterns of political parties produce members of the DPR RI in such a way."