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"In the early decades of the twentieth century in colonial Indonesia, one witnessed the proliferation of novels in which women were thematized as the femme fatale. These novels were written largely by male novelists as cautionary tales for girls who had a European-style school education and therefore were perceived to be predisposed to violating customary gender norms in the pursuit of personal autonomy. While such masculinist responses to women and material progress have been well studied, women’s views of the social transformation conditioned by modernization and secular education are still insufficiently understood. This essay responds to this scantiness with a survey of texts written by Chinese women novelists who emerged during the third and fourth decades of the twentieth century, drawing attention in particular to the ways in which these texts differed from those written by their male predecessors. More important, this essay highlights the works by one particular woman novelist, Dahlia, who wrote with an exceptionally distinct female voice and woman-centered viewpoint."

"The Usage of Hakka Chinese-Language at Singkawang West Kalimantan : A study towards Hakka Chinese-Language and Indonesian LanguageFocus of this sociolinguistic study is the usage of Hakka language at Singkawang, pointed out to the backgorund factors that resulting the language as daily language of Chinese ethnic bilingual society. At the local area, Hakka language is well known as Khek language, and the people also named themselves as Khek people. This ethnic group is already lived in Singkawang city by century, even, according to history they're already lived there since XVI century.Study towards the usage of language by Chinese bilingual, is being carried out by utilizing 'ranah' concept which first popularized by Fishman, covering the usage of language in family, education, working, goverment, neighbourhood, trade, and religious ranah. Things that need to be pointed out are: Do bilingual Chinese ethnic always use Hakka Chinese-language, more often talks in Chinese language, both use Chinese and Indonesia Ianguage in the same proportion, more often talks in Indonesia language or always use Indonesian language to communicate each other.Other factors that being considered as mind-influencing factor in choosing the language are sex, age, level of education, permanent-living time and homogeneity. Sex is divided into male and female; age is divided into less than 30 and more than 30. Level education can be broke down into Elementary, High School, and University level. Permanent-living time is seen from the time they start to live in the city, which is divided into two times : before aculturation process promoted by government in 1977 and after 1977. Homogenity covered the surrounding neighbourhood of Chinese ethnic group, do they all hang out with Chinese ethnic, Chinese friends are more than Indonesian, amount of Chinese friends are in equal with Indonesian, Chinese friends are lesser than Indonesian or all their friends are Indonesian?According to the study, the usage of Hakka Chinese-language and Indonesian language by Singkawang Chinese bilingual is generated by :1. The level of education (higher/lower)2. Permanent living time in the city3. HomogenityIf the Hakka Chinese ethnic bilingual person only enjoyed elementary-level education, living in the city before year 1977 and always get together with Chinese ethnic group, so he has a tendency to speak in Chinese rather than in Indonesia language, and vice versa. Those facts are being gathered from the questionnaire, interview and undercover observation data, which the result is being calculated qualitatively by using T. Student on level of confidence 95%."

"Film merupakan salah satu sarana komunikasi massa untuk menyampaikan pesan. Tidak sedikit pula film dijadikan sebagai sarana untuk menyampaikan pandangan tentang suatu kondisi masyarakat tertentu, di masa tertentu, dan di wilayah tertentu. Film "A Woman, A Gun, and A Noodle Shop (三枪拍案惊奇 Sān Qiāng Pāi'àn Jīngqí)" karya Zhang Yimou 张艺谋 menceritakan tentang keberanian seorang perempuan dalam masyarakat Cina tradisional untuk mendapatkan kebebasan dalam hidupnya. Cerita film ini diakhiri dengan keberanian pemeran utama perempuan dalam membunuh laki-laki terkuat dalam film dan menyisakan dirinya sebagai satu-satunya pemeran yang bertahan hidup. Melalui metode kualitatif, makalah ini akan memaparkan penyebab dan usaha-usaha yang dilakukan pemeran utama perempuan dalam mendapatkan kebebasannya.

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Film is one of the mass communication medium to deliver messages. It is rarely to find a films that can deliver the views of a specific community conditions, in specific times, and at specific territory. A Woman, A Gun, and A Noodle Shop (三枪拍案惊奇 Sān Qiāng Pāi'àn Jīngqí) film by Zhang Yimou 张艺谋 narrate about the courage of a woman in traditional Chinese society to get freedom in her life. The story in this film end with the courage of women?s main character to kill the strongest man in film and leaving her as the only people who can survive. Through qualitative methods, this paper will describe the causes and the efforts women?s main character to get freedom."