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"Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as retrograde filling is always in contact to inflamed tissues in periradicular area. Objective: To investigate the effect of acidic environment on push-out bond strength of MTA mixed with sterile water, local anesthetic, and 5% CaCl2 Methods: Thirty middle third of mandibular premolar roots were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 10 each. MTA mixed with sterile water (Group 1), local anesthetic (group 2), 5% CaCl2 (group 3). Each group was then divided into group A: soaked in synthetic tissue fluid with pH 5, and group B: pH 7.4. Specimens were stored in an incubator with a temperature of 370 C for 72 hours, undertaken a push-out test,and observed under a stereo-microscope. Results: A two-way ANOVA showed that acidic environment reduced the push-out bond strength of MTA mixed with either sterile water, local anesthetic or 5% CaCl2 (p <0.05). The predominantly failure was a mixture of adhesive and cohesive type. Conclusion: The acidic environment reduced the push-out bond strength of MTA mixed with either sterile water, local anesthetic or 5% CaCl2. MTA mixed with 5% CaCl2 produced the greatest push-out bond strength, whereas MTA mixed with local anesthetic had the lowest push-out bond strength."

"Pengaruh aplikasi non freeze-dried hidrogel-CHA terhadap prolifrasi fibroblas. Kerusakan tulang dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai prosedur bedah. Rekonstruksi tulang yang banyak dikembangkan akhir-akhir ini adalah teknik rekayasa jaringan. Material yang terbukti efektif sebagai perancah dalam rekayasa jaringan adalah hidrogel. Penambahan Karbonat apatit (CHA) akan menghasilkan material hidrogel-CHA yang diyakini dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanis dan kemiripan biologis dengan tulang. Perancah merupakan aspek penting dalam bidang rekayasa jaringan, karena kemampuannya menyerupai matriks ekstraseluler pada jaringan yang rusak. Fibroblas merupakan sel mesenkim yang dengan mudah dibiakkan di laboratorium dan memiliki peran penting dalam interaksi epitel-mesenkimal, mensekresi berbagai faktor pertumbuhan dan sitokin. Pada kondisi tertentu fibroblas akan berdiferensiasi menjadi sel pembentuk tulang yaitu osteoblas. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pengaruh non freeze-dried hidrogel-CHA terhadap jumlah sel fibroblas. Metode: Pada kelompok perlakuan (kelompok hidrogel dan hidrogel-CHA), penyemaian statis yaitu sel dan perancah dikontakkan. Pada kelompok lain hanya berisi sel dan media pertumbuhan. Sel disemai dengan kepadatan 2x104 sel/ml dalam 96 sumuran. Jumlah sel fibroblas dalam tiap kelompok diamati dengan menggunakan mikroskop dan dihitung dengan uji MTT padahari 1, 2,dan 3 setelah aplikasi perlakuan. Hasil: Proliferasi jumlah sel fibroblas meningkat secara signifikan pada hari ke-3 setelah aplikasi non freeze-dried hidrogel-CHA (p<0,05). Simpulan: Aplikasi non freeze-dried hidrogel-CHA dapat meningkatkan proliferasi sel fibroblas.

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Bone damage can be caused by variety of surgical procedures. Bone reconstruction has been developed lately is tissue engineering techniques. One of materials that proved to be effective as a scaffold in tissue engineering is a hydrogel. The addition of carbonate apatite (CHA) will produce a hydrogel-CHA material which is believed to improve the mechanical properties and biological similarities with the original bone. Scaffold is considered an important aspect in the field of tissue engineering, because it’s ability to mimic extracellular matrix of the damaged tissue. Fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells that can be readily cultured in the laboratory and play a significant role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, secreting various growth factors and cytokines. On certain condition, Fibroblast will differentiate into bone-forming cells, osteoblasts. Objective: to determine the effect of non freezedried hydrogels - CHA on the number of fibroblasts. Methods: In the treatment groups (hydrogel and hydrogel - CHA group), the static seeding, where cells and scaffolds were simply brought into contact, was performed. The other group contained only cells and growth media. Cells were seeded at a density of 2x104 cells/ml in a 96-well plate. Number of fibroblasts cell in each group was observed by light microscopy and quantitified by MTT assay on days 1, 2 and 3 post-application. Results: Proliferation of fibroblasts increased significantly on day 3rd after application of non freeze-dried hydrogel - CHA (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Application of non freeze-dried hydrogel - CHA may induce fibroblasts proliferation."

"Latar belakang: Semen MTA telah digunakan dalam berbagai prosedur endodontik karena memiliki sealing ability yang baik, biokompatibel, bioaktif, dan bersifat antibakteri. Namun, semen MTA memiliki beberapa kelemahan seperti waktu pengerasan yang lama, konsistensi berpasir sehingga sulit untuk dimanipulasi serta kekuatan mekanik yang relatif rendah. Polimer sintetik dan alami telah diteliti sebagai material aditif pada semen MTA dan diketahui dapat meningkatkan sifat manipulasi material. Kitosan larut air merupakan polimer alami yang memiliki keunggulan bioaktivitas, biokompatibilitas dan biodegradabilitas serta dapat larut pada pH fisiologis.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kitosan larut air terhadap kekuatan kompresi semen MTA. Metode: Spesimen penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok; MTA, MTA dengan penambahan kitosan larut air 5% (MTA-CW5), dan MTA dengan penambahan kitosan larut air 10% (MTA-CW10). Pengukuran kekuatan kompresi dilakukan dengan alat universal testing machine setelah diinkubasi selama empat hari pada temperatur 37°C dan kelembabab relatif 100%. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari nilai rerata kekuatan kompresi ketiga kelompok perlakuan (Uji one-way ANOVA). Hasil uji Post Hoc Bonferroni menunjukkan perbedaan kekuatan kompresi yang bermakna antara kelompok MTA-CW5 dengan MTA, kelompok MTA-CW10 dengan MTA serta MTA-CW 5 dengan MTA-CW10. Kesimpulan: Penambahan kitosan larut air konsentrasi 5% dan 10% dapat meningkatan kekuatan kompresi semen MTA.

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Background: Mineral trioxide aggregates have been used in various endodontic treatments because of the sealing ability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and antibacterial properties. However, MTA cement has several disadvantages such as long setting time, sandy consistency, and relatively low mechanical strength. Synthetic and natural polymers have been investigated as additives in MTA cement and could improve its handling characteristic. Water soluble chitosan is a natural polymer with excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and soluble at physiological pH. 

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of adding water-soluble chitosan to the compressive strength of MTA

Methods: The specimens were divided into three groups; MTA, MTA with the addition of 5% water soluble chitosan (MTA-CW5), and MTA with the addition of 10% water soluble chitosan (MTA-CW10). The compressive strength measurement was carried out using a universal testing machine after four days incubation at 37°C and 100% humidity.

Result: There were significant different mean values of the compressive strength between three groups (one-way ANOVA test). Post Hoc Bonferroni test showed significant differences in compressive strength between the MTA-CW5 and MTA group, the MTA-CW10 and MTA group, also the MTA-CW 5 and MTA-CW10 group.

Conclusion: The addition of 5% and 10% water-soluble chitosan could increase the compressive strength of MTA cement. "

"Latar Belakang: E.faecalis isolat klinis merupakan bakteri yang menyebabkan lesi periapeks persisten. Bioceramic dan Mineral Trioxide Aggregate merupakan siler yang mempunyai sifat anti bakteri. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis efek anti bakteri siler Bioceramic dan MTA terhadap E.faecalis isolat klinis pada waktu 2 menit segera , 4 jam initial setting , 1 dan 7 hari setelah pengadukan siler. Metode: Efek anti bakteri siler Bioceramic dan MTA diperiksa dengan direct contact test. Masing-masing siler dikontakkan langsung dengan E.faecalis isolat klinis 2 menit, 4 jam, 1 dan 7 hari setelah pengadukan siler. Suspensi ini dioleskan pada medium agar dan diinkubasi 24 jam untuk melihat koloni bakteri yang tumbuh CFU/ml. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara siler Bioceramic dan MTA pada waktu 7 hari, antara siler Bioceramic pada waktu 2 dan 4 jam serta waktu 4 jam dan 7 hari setelah pengadukan siler. Kesimpulan: siler Bioceramic dan MTA mempunyai efek anti bakteri yang baik terhadap E.faecalis pada saat segera, initial setting, dan 1 hari setelah pengadukan siler, pada waktu 7 hari setelah pengadukan, siler MTA yang paling baik. Siler MTA mempunyai efek anti bakteri yang konstan sampai 7 hari Keywords : Entereococcus faecalis isolat klinis, Siler Bioceramic dan Mineral Trioxide Aggregate MTA

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Background: E.faecalis isolate clinic is a kind of bacteria that cause persistent periapical lesion. Bioceramic and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate are sealers that having antibacterial properties.

Aim: To analyze antibacterial effect of Bioceramic and MTA sealers against E.faecalis isolate clinic at 2 minutes fresh , 4 hours initial setting , 1 day and 7 day after mixed the sealers.

Methods: Antibacterial effect of Bioceramic and MTA sealers was assessed by direct test contact. Each sealer was contacted with E.faecalis isolate clinic at 2 minutes, 4 hours, 1 day and 7 days after mixed the sealers. This suspension was swab in agar medium and incubated for 24 hours. The colony in agar plates is counted with colony forming unit CFU .

Result: The significant differences was shown by Bioceramic and MTA at 7 days, between Bioceramic at 2 minutes fresh and 4 hours initial setting also at 4 hours initial setting and 7 days after mixed the sealer.

Conclusion: Both of Bioceramic and MTA sealers have a good antibacterial effect at fresh, initial setting and 1 hour after mixed the sealer but at 7 days, MTA was the greater. MTA sealer has a constant antibacterial effect until 7 days. "

"[ ABSTRAK Kaca merupakan sumber silika amorphous yang baik serta memiliki komposisi kimia dan reaktivitas yang tepat untuk melakukan reaksi Pozzolan. Sehingga muncul lah ide untuk menggunakan kaca sebagai agregat kasar pada beton. Pada penelitian ini, sampel yang dibuat adalah dua jenis beton, yaitu Portland dan Geopolimer dengan variasi substitusi kaca sebanyak 0%, 25%, 50%, 100%. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah uji tekan dan pengamatan foto makro. Komposisi beton, sejarah perlakuan, dan suhu curing memberi pengaruh signifikan pada nilai kuat tekan yang dihasilkan. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah beton Portland dan beton geopolimer dengan substitusi kaca sebesar 50% memiliki kuat tekan tertinggi, dan pasta geopolimer dapat melekat pada kaca namun pasta semen tidak.

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ABSTRACT

Glass are good source of amorphous silica and it also has good chemistry composition and precise reactivity to make Pozzolan reaction. So there was an idea to use glass as coarse aggregate in concrete. In this research, two types of concrete will be made, which are Portland concrete and geopolymer concrete with variation of waste glass substitution as much as 0%, 25%, 50%, 100%. The conducted tests are pressure test and macro photos observations. Concrete composition, treatment history, and curing temperature gave significant influence on their compressive strength. The conclusions are both portland and geopolymer concrete with 50% waste glass substitution has the highest compressive strength, and geopolymer paste could adhered to glass but cement paste could not.;Glass are good source of amorphous silica and it also has good chemistry composition and precise reactivity to make Pozzolan reaction. So there was an idea to use glass as coarse aggregate in concrete. In this research, two types of concrete will be made, which are Portland concrete and geopolymer concrete with variation of waste glass substitution as much as 0%, 25%, 50%, 100%. The conducted tests are pressure test and macro photos observations. Concrete composition, treatment history, and curing temperature gave significant influence on their compressive strength. The conclusions are both portland and geopolymer concrete with 50% waste glass substitution has the highest compressive strength, and geopolymer paste could adhered to glass but cement paste could not.;Glass are good source of amorphous silica and it also has good chemistry composition and precise reactivity to make Pozzolan reaction. So there was an idea to use glass as coarse aggregate in concrete. In this research, two types of concrete will be made, which are Portland concrete and geopolymer concrete with variation of waste glass substitution as much as 0%, 25%, 50%, 100%. The conducted tests are pressure test and macro photos observations. Concrete composition, treatment history, and curing temperature gave significant influence on their compressive strength. The conclusions are both portland and geopolymer concrete with 50% waste glass substitution has the highest compressive strength, and geopolymer paste could adhered to glass but cement paste could not.;Glass are good source of amorphous silica and it also has good chemistry composition and precise reactivity to make Pozzolan reaction. So there was an idea to use glass as coarse aggregate in concrete. In this research, two types of concrete will be made, which are Portland concrete and geopolymer concrete with variation of waste glass substitution as much as 0%, 25%, 50%, 100%. The conducted tests are pressure test and macro photos observations. Concrete composition, treatment history, and curing temperature gave significant influence on their compressive strength. The conclusions are both portland and geopolymer concrete with 50% waste glass substitution has the highest compressive strength, and geopolymer paste could adhered to glass but cement paste could not.;Glass are good source of amorphous silica and it also has good chemistry composition and precise reactivity to make Pozzolan reaction. So there was an idea to use glass as coarse aggregate in concrete. In this research, two types of concrete will be made, which are Portland concrete and geopolymer concrete with variation of waste glass substitution as much as 0%, 25%, 50%, 100%. The conducted tests are pressure test and macro photos observations. Concrete composition, treatment history, and curing temperature gave significant influence on their compressive strength. The conclusions are both portland and geopolymer concrete with 50% waste glass substitution has the highest compressive strength, and geopolymer paste could adhered to glass but cement paste could not., Glass are good source of amorphous silica and it also has good chemistry composition and precise reactivity to make Pozzolan reaction. So there was an idea to use glass as coarse aggregate in concrete. In this research, two types of concrete will be made, which are Portland concrete and geopolymer concrete with variation of waste glass substitution as much as 0%, 25%, 50%, 100%. The conducted tests are pressure test and macro photos observations. Concrete composition, treatment history, and curing temperature gave significant influence on their compressive strength. The conclusions are both portland and geopolymer concrete with 50% waste glass substitution has the highest compressive strength, and geopolymer paste could adhered to glass but cement paste could not.]"