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"Most books discuss general and broad topics regarding molecular imagings. however, Ultrasmall lanthanide oxide nanoparticles for biomedical imaging and therapy, will mainly focus on lanthanide oxide nanoparticles for molecular imaging and therapeutics. multi-modal imaging capabilities will discussed, along with up-converting FI by using lanthanide oxide nanoparticles. the synthesis will cover polyol synthesis of lanthanide oxide nanoparticles, surface coatings with biocompatible and hydrophilic ligands will be discussed and tem images and dynamic light scattering (dls) patterns will be provided. various techniques which are generally used in analyzing the synthesized surface coated nanoparticles will be explored and this section will also cover ft , ir analysis, xrd analysis, squid analysis, cytotoxicity measurements and proton relaxivity measurements. in vivo mr images, ct images, fluorescence images will be provided and therapeutic application of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles will be discussed. finally, future perpectives will be discussed. that is, present status and future works needed for clinical applications of lanthanide oxide nanoparticles to molecular imagings will be discussed."

"Hasil-hasil tentang pengaruh destruksi ultrasonik terhadap pembentukan nanopartikel material SrO.6Fe2-xMnx/2Tix/2O3 (x = 0.0; 0.5; dan 1.0) dibicarakan dalam skripsi ini. Seluruh material dipersiapkan melalui teknik pemaduan mekanik dimana semua prekursor yang diperlukan dipadukan bersama dalam alat planetary ball mill menghasilkan serbuk halus. Serbuk kemudian dikonsolidasi dalam bentuk bakalan muda dan menjalani tahapan sintering pada temperatur 1200°C selama 3 jam menghasilkan sampel kristalin berfasa tunggal. Serbuk material kristalin didapat melalui penghalusan kembali secara mekanik sampel kristalin selama 10 jam. Hasil evaluasi ukuran partikel menunjukkan ketiga sampel dengan komposisi berbeda memiliki ukuran rata-rata partikel berbeda masing-masing ~ 723 nm untuk x = 0.0, 293 nm untuk x = 1.0 dan 192 nm untuk x = 0.5. Partikel-partikel ini kemudian menjalani tahapan destruksi ultrasonik menggunakan transduser yang dioperasikan pada amplitudo 35, 45 dan 55 μm selama 5 jam. Ternyata, ukuran-ukuran partikel dapat berkurang secara efektif dengan bertambahnya daya transduser. Partikel-partikel material x = 0.0 awalnya memiliki ukuran sampai ~ 1500 nm menjadi mengecil sampai dibawah ukuran 300 nm pada penggunaan transduser dengan amplitudo 35 mikron. Ukuran partikel ini menjadi lebih halus lagi pada penggunaan transduser dengan amplitudo 55 mikron. Namun, hal ini berbeda dengan hasil evaluasi ukuran kristalit dimana tidak ditemukan pengaruh yang berarti pada proses destruksi ultrasonik. Pada partikel material x = 0.0, awalnya memiliki ukuran kristalit 143 nm hanya mengecil menjadi 85 nm paska destruksi ultrasonik mengunakan transduser dengan amplitudo 55 mikron. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa teknik destruksi mekanik yang dilanjutkan dengan destruksi ultrasonik terhadap partikel dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk pembuatan partikel-partikel berukuran nanometer. Dari hasil penelitian ini telah diperoleh partikel yang tersusun oleh 1 sampai dengan 3 buah kristalit material SrO.6Fe2-xMnx/2Tix/2O3 (x = 0.0; 0.5; dan 1.0).

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Results on effects of ultrasonic destruction to nanoparticles formation of SrO.6Fe2-xMnx/2Tix/2O3 (x = 0.0; 0.5; and 1.0) materials are reported. Materials were prepared through a mechanical alloying technique in which all precursors were co-milled into fine particles in a planetary ball mill. Sintering of 1200°C for 3 hours was introduced to the green compact which resulting in a single phase crystalline material. Crystalline particles were then obtained after re-milling the sintered samples for 10 hours. Particle size evaluations showed that the three compositions have different value of mean particle sizes respectively ~ 723 nm for x = 0.0, 293 nm for x = 1.0 and 192 nm for x = 0.5. These particles were then subjected to further refining by means of ultrasonic destruction employing 3 different amplitudes respectively 35, 45, and 55 μm for 5 hours each. It was found that the particle sizes were reduced effectively as the amplitude of transducer hence the transducer power increased. For material with x = 0.0, the particles with size up to ~ 1500 nm were reduced significantly to below 300 nm after ultrasonic destruction by a 35 μm transducer and reduced further to 100 nm by a 55 μm transducer. However, for Mn and Ti containing particles, the particle sizes were larger in which for x =1.0, the particles with sizes up to 300 nm were only obtained after ultrasonic destruction by 55 μm transducer. Referring to results of crystallite sizes evaluation for the particles, there is no significant effect to the reduction of crystallite sizes. The mean crystallite size of particles for x = 0.0 was initially 143 nm reduced to only 85 nm after ultrasonic destruction by a 55 μm transducer. It is concluded that the mechanical alloying assisted with ultrasonic destruction has proven to be an alternative route for nanoparticles fabrication. Particles containing up to 3 nano crystallites can be obtained in Mn and Ti substituted Strontium Hexaferrites."

"This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in magnetic particle imaging (MPI), a novel imaging modality. Using various static and oscillating magnetic fields, and tracer materials made from iron oxide nanoparticles, MPI can perform background-free measurements of the particles’ local concentration. The method exploits the nonlinear remagnetization behavior of the particles and has the potential to surpass current methods for the detection of iron oxide in terms of sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Starting from an introduction to the technology, the topics addressed include setting up an imaging device, assessment of image quality, development of new MPI tracer materials, and the first preclinical results. "

"Berberin hidroklorida merupakan salah satu senyawa aktif yang memiliki berbagai aktivitas famakologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) sebagai sistem penghantaran berberin hidroklorida dan meningkatkan absorbsi dari berberin hidroklorida. Pada penelitian ini dibuat empat formula SLN menggunakan metode homogenisasi kecepatan tinggi dan ultrasonikasi menggunakan homogenizer bühler dengan kecepatan 15000 rpm selama 20 menit kemudian disonikasi selama 2 menit. Kemudian sampel tersebut diliofilisasi dengan cara dilakukan freeze drying pada suhu -106°C dan kemudian disimpan pada suhu 4°C. SLN berberin hidroklorida dikarakterisasi yang meliputi ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas dan potensial zeta, morfologi dengan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), kadar lembab, penetapan kadar, efisiensi penjerapan, uji pelepasan berberin hidroklorida dari SLN, serta uji stabilitas. Hasil liofilisasi menunjukkan SLN berberin hidroklorida berupa padatan lunak berwarna kuning. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan seluruh formula SLN yang diperoleh memiliki ukuran partikel 125-165 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,271-0,321 dan nilai potensial zeta dengan rentang nilai -34,2 hingga -41,8 mV. Evaluasi dengan TEM menunjukkan morfologi SLN berberin hidroklorida memiliki ukuran 100 nm dan berbentuk sferis. Kadar lembab dari formula 1, 2, 3 dan 4 berturut-turut 2,19%, 2,99%, 1,97%, 2,38%. Kadar SLN dari formula 1, 2, 3 dan 4 berturut-turut 95,95% %, 95,37%, 96,44%, dan 96,09%. Efisiensi penjerapan formula 1, 2, 3, dan 4 berturut-turut 84,71%, 81,66%, 87,18%, dan 85,59%. Hasil evaluasi pelepasan obat SLN secara berurutan adalah F1 74,64 ± 0,47%, F2 72,90 ± 0,53%, F3 73, 47 ± 0,37%, F4 70,77 ± 0,30%. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan, SLN berpotensi diaplikasikan untuk sistem penghantaran berberin hidroklorida secara oral karena memiliki karakteristik yang baik dengan efisiensi penjerapan yang tinggi.

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Berberine hydrochloride is one of the active compounds that has various pharmacologic activities. This study aims to formulate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as a delivery system for berberine hydrochloride and to increase the absorbtion of berberine hydrochloride. In this study, four SLN formulas were made using the high speed homogenization and ultrasonication method using a Bühler homogenizer at a speed of 15000 rpm for 20 minutes then sonicated for 2 minutes. Then the sample was lyophilized by freeze drying at -106°C and then stored at 4°C. SLN berberine hydrochloride was characterized including particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential, morphology by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), moisture content, drug content, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release of berberine hydrochloride from SLN, and stability test. The results of lyophilization showed that SLN with berberine hydrochloride was in the form of a yellow soft solid.

The characterization results showed that all of the SLN formulas obtained had a particle size of 125-165 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.271-0.321 and a zeta potential value with a value range of -34.2 to -41.8 mV. Evaluation by TEM showed morphology of SLN berberine hydrochloride has a size of 100 nm and spherical shape. The water content of formulas 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 2.19%, 2.99%, 1.97%, 2.38%, respectively. The drug content for SLN from formulas 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 95.95% %, 95.37%, 96.44%, and 96.09%, respectively. The entrapment efficiency of formulas 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 84.71%, 81.66%, 87.18%, and 85.59%, respectively. The results of the evaluation of SLN drug release sequentially were F1 74.64 ± 0.47%, F2 72.90 ± 0.53%, F3 73, 47 ± 0.37%, F4 70.77 ± 0.30%. Based on the results obtained, SLN has the potential to be applied to the oral delivery system of berberine hydrochloride because it has good characteristics with high entrapment efficiency."

"Summary: Known as the bible of biomedical engineering, The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Fourth Edition, sets the standard against which all other references of this nature are measured. As such, it has served as a major resource for both skilled professionals and novices to biomedical engineering. Biomedical Signals, Imaging, and Informatics, the third volume of the handbook, presents material from respected scientists with diverse backgrounds in biosignal processing, medical imaging, infrared imaging, and medical informatics"

"Revised and updated for its Fourth Edition, Aunt Minnie's Atlas and Imaging-Specific Diagnosis is an excellent study tool for the oral radiology board examination. It features more than 360 cases and over 1,000 images, divided by region, that follow a standard format: images, history, findings, diagnosis, discussion and "Aunt Minnie's Pearls," which reinforce the key features of each case while providing a quick review of salient points. The cases represent all modalities and cover all subspecialties tested on the oral boards.This edition contains new classic cases and online access containing all the cases from the book plus additional cases"

"This volume presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (ICBHI). The conference was a new special topic conference and a common initiative by the International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) and IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (IEEE- EMBS). BHI2015 was held in Haikou, China, 8-10 October 2015. The main theme of the BHI2015 is The Convergence: Integrating Information and Communication Technologies with Biomedicine for Global Health.The ICBHI2015 proceedings examine enabling technologies of sensors, devices and systems that optimize the acquisition, transmission, processing, storage, retrieval, use of biomedical and health information as well as to report novel clinical applications of health information systems and the deployment of m-Health, e-Health, u-Health, p-Health and Telemedicine. "