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"Current fleets of conventional and nuclear power plants face increasing hostile environmental conditions due to increasingly high temperature operation for improved capacity and efficiency, and the need for long term service. Additional challenges are presented by the requirement to cycle plants to meet peak-load operation. This book presents a comprehensive review of structural materials in conventional and nuclear energy applications. Opening chapters address operational challenges and structural alloy requirements in different types of power plants. The following sections review power plant structural alloys and methods to mitigate critical materials degradation in power plants."

"This second part of the work on creep modeling offers readers essential guidance on practical computational simulation and analysis. Drawing on constitutive equations for creep in structural materials under multi-axial stress states, it applies these equations, which are developed in detail in part 1 of the work, to a diverse range of examples."

"The book is intended to be a handbook, a general reference, and a textbook. It contains the background educational materials on parametric analyses, extensive data, and previously unpublished master high-temperature curves for wrought and cast aluminum alloys.ASM International has previously published extensive numeric factual data on the high-temperature tensile and creep properties of aluminum alloys in the book Properties of Aluminum Alloys: Tensile, Creep, and Fatigue Data at High and Low Temperatures. In addition to interest in the properties themselves, there is a great amount of interest in how these properties are analyzed to provide estimates of long-time service performance. The latter analysis makes use of parametric time-temperature relationships based upon rate-process theory, enabling the user to combine all time-temperature exposure curves into one master curve useful for extrapolation as well as interpolation. The purpose of this book to explain and illustrate such analytical tools, and to provide a broad range of illustrative examples based upon data from the previous publication, plus much previously unpublished data from Alcoa Laboratories.The theory of and procedures for the development of master parametric relationships for high-temperature creep and stress rupture data for aluminum alloys are based upon rate-process theory. The advantages and limitations of several such analyses will be discussed. Previously unpublished master curves will be provided for a number of aluminum alloys, including wrought alloys 1100, 2024, 3003, 3004, 5050, 5052, 5154, 5454, 5456, 5083,and 6061, plus several castings alloys, including 224.0, 249.0, C355.0, and 357.0."

"George Lai?s 1990 book, High-Temperature Corrosion of Engineering Alloys, is recognized as authoritative and is frequently consulted and often cited by those in the industry. His new book, almost double in size with seven more chapters, addresses the new concerns, new technologies, and new materials available for those engaged in high-temperature applications. As we strive for energy efficiency, the realm of high-temperature environments is expanding and the need for information on high temperature materials applications was never greater.In addition to extensive expansion on most of the content of the original book, new topics include erosion and erosion-corrosion, low NOx combustion in coal-fired boilers, fluidized bed combustion, and the special demands of waste-to-energy boilers, waste incinerators, and black liquor recovery boilers in the pulp and paper industry. The corrosion induced by liquid metals is discussed and protection options are presented. Hydrogen damage is characterized and solutions given."

"Indonesia tengah memasuki era baru dalam pemanfaatan energi nuklir sebagai bagian dari strategi nasional untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi secara berkelanjutan. Target nasional Net Zero Emissions (NZE) pada tahun 2060 menuntut pengurangan signifikan emisi karbon, sehingga mendorong pengembangan teknologi energi bersih, termasuk energi nuklir. Dalam konteks ini, Pusat Riset dan Teknologi Reaktor Nuklir di bawah Organisasi Riset Tenaga Nuklir – BRIN tengah mengembangkan desain Small Modular Reactor (SMR) dan Microreactor sebagai bagian dari reaktor generasi lanjut. Pengembangan reaktor nuklir generasi lanjut menuntut material struktur yang mampu beroperasi pada kondisi ekstrem, khususnya suhu tinggi hingga 1200 °C sesuai kebutuhan reaktor Generasi IV. Kejadian kecelakaan nuklir Fukushima mendorong kebutuhan eksplorasi material baru yang tidak berbasis zirkonium, sehingga menantang para periset material untuk merancang paduan yang lebih andal dan aman. Salah satu kandidat unggulan untuk aplikasi ini adalah paduan Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) berbasis Fe, yang dikenal memiliki ketahanan termal, iradiasi, oksidasi, serta sifat mekanik yang superior. Paduan ini mengandung partikel oksida nanoskala yang terdispersi merata dalam matriks logam berbasis Fe, membentuk sistem komposit yang tahan terhadap pembengkakan, oksidasi, dan deformasi perayapan. Meskipun ODS feritik unggul dalam ketahanan terhadap pembengkakan akibat iradiasi, sistem austenitik (Fe–Ni–Cr) menawarkan stabilitas fasa dan kekuatan mekanik yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan paduan cor ODS berbasis Fe–Ni–Cr–Y₂O₃ dengan pendekatan sintesis baru (new process) yang menggabungkan metode powder metallurgy (P/M) dan pengecoran (melt casting). Pendekatan ini dirancang untuk mengatasi keterbatasan metode konvensional, terutama terkait homogenitas dispersi oksida dan skalabilitas produksi. Proses sintesis dilakukan melalui pendekatan new route, yang mencakup tahap pra-pengikatan (pre-linking) serbuk Fe–Y₂O₃, proses ball milling selama 20 jam, sintering pada suhu 900 °C, serta peleburan menggunakan metode arc melting dalam atmosfer argon Variasi penambahan Y₂O₃ dalam rentang 0 hingga 2,0% berat digunakan untuk mempelajari secara komparatif pengaruhnya terhadap struktur mikro dan sifat-sifat material. Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan berbagai metode, termasuk mikroskop optik, SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, HRPD, pengujian mekanik (UTM), analisis ukuran partikel (PSA), dan pengukuran porositas dengan metode Archimedes. Pengujian ketahanan termal dilakukan menggunakan Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA), sedangkan ketahanan oksidasi dievaluasi dengan menggunakan Magnetic Suspension Balance (MSB). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metode sintesis yang dikembangkan mampu menghasilkan dispersi partikel oksida nano yang lebih merata dan struktur mikro yang padat serta isotropik. Ketahanan oksidasi meningkat signifikan dengan penambahan ≥1,0% Y₂O₃, ditandai dengan penurunan laju oksidasi dari 0,060 mpy menjadi 0,0112 mpy. Pengujian STA menunjukkan stabilitas termal hingga 1450 °C. Evolusi morfologi butir dari bentuk menyerupai jarum menjadi dendritik memperkuat sifat isotropik. Temuan menarik berupa pola dispersi oksida Y₂O₃ berbentuk “nets-wrap” pada batas butir, yang berbeda dari pola “dots-nail” pada ODS konvensional, diduga memberikan kontribusi pada penguatan antar butir. Penambahan 1,0% berat Y₂O₃ menghasilkan material struktural suhu tinggi yang unggul, dengan titik leleh tinggi, ketahanan oksidasi tinggi, serta sifat mekanik baik pada 900 °C. Komposisi optimal yang direkomendasikan adalah 57Fe–25Ni–17Cr–1Y₂O₃ (dalam % berat). Sistem paduan ini sangat potensial untuk komponen suhu tinggi seperti turbin gas, pipa uap super-panas, steam boiler, sistem penyimpanan energi (liquid battery), serta struktur reaktor generasi IV, khususnya pada heat exchanger dan sistem pendingin teras. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pengembangan material struktur reaktor generasi lanjut dan mendukung kemandirian teknologi material logam di Indonesia.

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Indonesia is entering a new era in the utilization of nuclear energy as part of a national strategy to meet sustainable energy demands. The national target of achieving Net Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2060 requires a significant reduction in carbon emissions, thereby driving the development of clean energy technologies, including nuclear energy. In this context, the Center for Nuclear Reactor Research and Technology under the Nuclear Energy Research Organization – BRIN is currently developing designs for Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Microreactors as part of advanced reactor systems. The development of advanced nuclear reactors, such as Generation IV reactors, necessitates structural materials capable of operating under extreme conditions, particularly at high temperatures of up to 1200 °C. Furthermore, the Fukushima nuclear accident has highlighted the urgent need to explore alternative structural materials that are not based on zirconium, thereby challenging materials researchers to design alloys that are more reliable and inherently safer under accident conditions. One of the most promising candidates for this application is the Fe-based Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloy, known for its superior thermal, irradiation, oxidation resistance, and mechanical properties. This alloy contains nanoscale oxide particles uniformly dispersed within an Fe-based metallic matrix, forming a composite system resistant to swelling, oxidation, and creep deformation. While ferritic ODS alloys excel in irradiation swelling resistance, austenitic systems (Fe–Ni–Cr) offer higher phase stability and mechanical strength. This study aims to develop cast Fe–Ni–Cr–Y₂O₃ ODS alloys using a novel synthesis (new process) approach that combines powder metallurgy (P/M) and melt casting methods. This approach is designed to overcome limitations of conventional methods, particularly regarding oxide dispersion homogeneity and production scalability. The synthesis process involves a new route comprising pre-linking of Fe–Y₂O₃ powders, ball milling for 20 hours, sintering at 900 °C, and melting using arc melting in an argon atmosphere. Variations in Y₂O₃ content ranging from 0 to 2.0 wt.% were employed to comparatively study their effects on microstructure and material properties. Material characterization was conducted using multiple techniques, including optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, HRPD, mechanical testing (UTM), particle size analysis (PSA), and porosity measurement via the Archimedes method. Thermal stability was evaluated by Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA), while oxidation resistance was assessed using Magnetic Suspension Balance (MSB). Results indicate that the developed synthesis method produces a more uniform dispersion of nanoscale oxide particles and a dense, isotropic microstructure. Oxidation resistance significantly improved with the addition of ≥1.0 wt.% Y₂O₃, evidenced by a reduction in oxidation rate from 0.060 mpy to 0.0112 mpy. STA testing demonstrated thermal stability up to 1450 °C. The grain morphology evolved from needle-like to dendritic forms, reinforcing isotropic properties. Notably, the Y₂O₃ oxide dispersion exhibited a “nets-wrap” pattern along grain boundaries, differing from the conventional “dots-nail” pattern of typical ODS alloys, which is believed to contribute to enhanced grain boundary strengthening. The addition of 1.0 wt% Y₂O₃ yields a superior high-temperature structural material with a high melting point, excellent oxidation resistance, and good mechanical properties at 900 °C. The recommended optimal composition is 57Fe–25Ni–17Cr–1Y₂O₃ (wt.%). This alloy system shows high potential for high-temperature components such as gas turbines, superheated steam pipes, steam boilers, energy storage systems (liquid batteries), and Generation IV reactor structures, particularly heat exchangers and core cooling systems. This research provides significant contributions to the development of structural materials for advanced reactors and supports the independence of metal material technology in Indonesia."

"Describes how mechanical material behavior relates to the design of structural machine components. Emphasizes fatique and failure behavior using engineering models that have been developed to predict, in advance of service, acceptable fatique and other durability-related lifetimes."

"This book deals with all aspects of advanced composite materials; what they are, where they are used, how they are made, their properties, how they are designed and analyzed, and how they perform in-service. It covers both continuous and discontinuous fiber composites fabricated from polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices, with an emphasis on continuous fiber polymer matrix composites."

"[ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian sifat listrik bahan perovskit SrFeO3 dan LaFeO3 padatemperatur tinggi pada kisaran temperatur ruang hingga 250 0C. Sampel disinter950 0C selama 6 jam. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan SrFeO3 memilik fasetunggal dan memiliki struktur kristal kubik dengan space grup pm3m dangrainsize 20 nm, dan LaFeO3 memiliki struktur kristal orthorombik dengan spacegrup Pbnm dan grainsize 22 nm. Data impedansi disajikan dalam bentuk nyquistplot dan bode plot yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi parameter rangkaianekivalen. Sifat listrik bahan SrFeO3 dan LaFeO3 dapat dideskripsikan denganrangkaian R, RC paralel maupun kombinasi dari keduanya yang menunjukanadanya kontribusi grain dan grain boundary. Energi aktivasi diperoleh darihubungan konduktivitas dc sebagai fungsi temperatur. Energi aktivasi sampelSrFeO3 dan LaFeO3 adalah 0,1817 eV dan 0,0158 eV.

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ABSTRACTThe electrical properties of SrFeO3 and LaFeO3 perovskite materials areinvestigated at high temperatures from room temperature to 250 0C. Samples aresintered at 950 0C for 6 hours. XRD characterization show SrFeO3 has a singlephase and having cubic structure with pm3m space group and grainzise 20 nm.LaFeO3 having orthorombic structure with Pbnm space group and grainsize 22 nm.Impedance data are presented in the nyquist plot and bode plot which is used toidentify an equivalent circuit. The electrical properties of SrFeO3 and LaFeO3perovskite materials can described by R, RC parallel or both combination thatseem a grain and grain boundary. The value of the activation energy which isevaluated from dc conductivity as a function of temperature. The activationenergy of SrFeO3 and LaFeO3 is 0.1817 eV and 0.0158 eV., The electrical properties of SrFeO3 and LaFeO3 perovskite materials areinvestigated at high temperatures from room temperature to 250 0C. Samples aresintered at 950 0C for 6 hours. XRD characterization show SrFeO3 has a singlephase and having cubic structure with pm3m space group and grainzise 20 nm.LaFeO3 having orthorombic structure with Pbnm space group and grainsize 22 nm.Impedance data are presented in the nyquist plot and bode plot which is used toidentify an equivalent circuit. The electrical properties of SrFeO3 and LaFeO3perovskite materials can described by R, RC parallel or both combination thatseem a grain and grain boundary. The value of the activation energy which isevaluated from dc conductivity as a function of temperature. The activationenergy of SrFeO3 and LaFeO3 is 0.1817 eV and 0.0158 eV.]"

"The second edition was significantly extended by including film-substrate lattice matching and buffer layer considerations in thin film HTSCs, brick-wall microstructure in the epitaxial films, electronic structure of the CuO2 layer in cuprates, s-wave and d-wave coupling in HTSCs and possible scenarios of theories of high Tc superconductivity."